Table of Contents
Articles
Should the Rules Governing Foundations be Placed in a Civil Code?
By Ulrich Drobnig
Strategic Options for Building the Chinese NGO Sector in an Open World
By Li-Qing Zhao
The Regulation by Public Bodies of Charities in Scotland and Northern Ireland
By Dr. Christine R. Barker and Dr. Kerry J. O’Halloran
Legislation for Non-Profit Organizations in the Republic of Moldova [Russian]
By Ilya Trombytsky
Endowments of Foundations Receive Contributions from the State Privatization Fund of the Czech Republic
By Petr Pajas
A Canadian Charity Tribunal: A Proposal for Implementation
By Arthur B.C. Drache, Q.C. with W. Laird Hunter
Case Notes
Asia Pacific:
the Philippines
European Court Cases:
European Court of Human Rights (Turkey) | European Court of Justice (Belgium)
Newly Independent States: Belarus
South Asia:
India
Western Europe:
Ireland
Country Reports
Asia Pacific:
Australia | China | Japan | Korea | New Zealand | the Philippines | Taiwan | Vietnam
Central and Eastern Europe: Regional | Bosnia and Herzegovina | Croatia | Czech Republic | Kosovo | Montenegro | Slovakia
Latin America:
Argentina | Chile | Colombia | Uruguay | Venezuela
Middle East and North Africa: Iran | Israel | Palestine
Newly Independent States: Azerbaijan | Belarus | Kazakhstan | Moldova | Turkmenistan | Ukraine | Uzbekistan
North America:
Canada/ the United States
South Asia:
India
Sub-Saharan Africa:
Cameroon | South Africa
Western Europe:
France | Germany | the Netherlands | Portugal | Turkey | the United Kingdom
International Developments
Recognition and Protection of NGOs in International Law
By Frits Hondius
NGOs for Transparency and Against Corruption
By The Europhil Trust
International Grantmaking
Grantmaking and Embargoed Countries: An Overview Using Kosovo as a Case Study
By Timothy S. Burgett and Timothy R. Lyman
Dissolution Dos and Don'ts
By Karla W. Simon
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Case Notes: South Asia
India
Kirti Chand Tarawati Charitable Trust v. Director of Income Tax [1999] 105 TAXMAN 686
In the case of a trust that, although created for charitable purposes, was found to be engaged mainly in the construction of a religious temple in which no charitable activities were carried out, the High Court of Delhi has held that the tax authority can look beyond the ostensible purposes expressed in the governing instrument. Accordingly, the tax authority was entitled to deny renewal of recognition as a charity (for the purposes of receiving donations under section 80G Income Tax Act 1961) on the grounds that the trust was engaged in non-charitable activities.
Commissioner of Income Tax v. Palghat Shadi Mahal Trust [1999] 233 ITR 722
A trust established for the purpose of establishing institutions for the educational, social and economic advancement of Muslims and for religious and charitable objects recognized by Muslim law was held to be exempt from income tax as a charitable trust by the Kerala High Court. Rejecting the contention of the tax authority that the trust was established for the benefit of a particular religious community, the court found that the Muslim community in the state of Kerala is listed as a "backward class" and therefore the trust was entitled to exemption as being for the benefit of "Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes or backward classes" even if only intended to benefit all the members in one of the listed castes.
National Health & Education Society v. Assistant Director of Income Tax [1999] 70 ITD 330 (MUM.)
A hospital and medical research center that levied charges, including service charges, on some patients according to their financial status while treating others for free or at concessional rates was held by the Income Tax Appeal Tribunal in Mumbai to exist solely for philanthropic purposes and not for profit, and thus was entitled to exemption from income tax on income from the hospital and the research center under Sections 10 (21) and 10 (22A) of the Income Tax Act 1961. However, income from bank interest and a gift shop fell outside the scope of the exemption.