The International Journal
of Not-for-Profit Law
Volume 6, Issue 2, February 2004
A publication of the International Center for Not-for-Profit Law
The Pacific
Social Inclusion and the Indigenous People of Australia: Achieving a Better Fit Between Social Need and the Charity Law Framework
Kerry O'Halloran
Australia Crawls Closer to Reform of the Definition of Charity
Myles McGregor-Lowndes
Consultations Toward Legal Reform in Tuvalu
James Duckworth and Mose Saitala
Social Capital and Philanthropy in Maori Society
Tuwhakairiora Williams and David Robinson
The Challenges Facing American Nonprofits
Deterring Donors: Anti-Terrorist Financing Rules and American Philanthropy
Barnett F. Baron
A Needless Silence: American Nonprofits and the Right to Lobby
Jeffrey M. Berry
The Nonprofit Paradox: For-Profit Business Models in the Third Sector
Bill E. Landsberg
Articles
Survival Strategies for Civil Society Organizations in China
Julia Greenwood Bentley
An Introduction to Canadian Tax Treatment of the Third Sector
Robert Hayhoe
"Organized" Civil Society and Its Limits
Antonio Itriago and Miguel Angel Itriago
The Fiscal Framework for Corporate Philanthropy in CEE and NIS
David Moore
Defining Characteristics of Civil Society
Timothy J. Peterson and Jon Van Til
The Alchemy of Success: The Case of Corporate Responsibility
Simon Zadek
Civil Society at the Movies
Rod Smolla
Reviews
The Civil Society Reader
Edited by Virginia A. Hodgkinson and Michael W. Foley
Reviewed by Morgan Meis
The Perfect Gift: The Philanthropic Imagination in
Poetry and Prose
Edited by Amy A. Kass
Does Civil Society Matter?: Governance in Contemporary India
Edited by Rajesh Tandon and Ranjita Mohanty
The State of Civil Society in Japan
Edited by Frank J. Schwartz and Susan J. Pharr
Paved With Good Intentions: The NGO Experience in North Korea
Edited by L. Gordon Flake and Scott Snyder
The Legal and Regulatory Framework for CSO Self-Financing in Colombia;
The Legal and Regulatory Framework for CSO Self-Financing in Chile
By Nicole Etchart, Brian Milder, Maria Cecilia Jara, and Lee Davis
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Letter from the Editor
This issue of the International Journal of Not-for-Profit Law features two thematic clusters, both quite timely--on civil society and the law in the Pacific region, and on challenges facing American nonprofits--as well as a cornucopia of features on civil society in law, philosophy, culture, theory, practice, and even cinema.
With the aid of David Robinson, Director of the Institute of Policy Studies Program on Civil Society at Victoria University and a member of the board of directors of the International Center for Not-for-Profit Law, we present four articles on the Pacific region. Kerry O'Halloran considers how a charity law framework can promote social inclusion for minority culture groups, with particular emphasis on the indigenous people of Australia. Complementing Kerry's article, Myles McGregor-Lowndes explains how Australia is working toward a major charity law reform. Rounding out the section, James Duckworth and Mose Saitala consider reform efforts in Tuvalu, and Tuwhakairiora Williams and David Robinson assess cultural factors that influence philanthropy in Maori society.
Three articles examine challenges facing today's American nonprofits. The post-9/11 efforts to inhibit the financing of terrorist organizations, as Barnett F. Baron of the Asia Foundation shows, also inhibit the financing of legitimate charities and add to the workload of philanthropic organizations with international interests. Officials of many American nonprofits, according to Jeffrey M. Berry, harbor misconceptions about their right to influence policy, which may skew the public debate away from their positions. Finally, not-for-profit organizations that seek greater efficiency by trying to operate like businesses, Bill E. Landsberg contends, may soon confront unintended and undesirable consequences.
Our lead feature, by Julia Greenwood Bentley, examines Chinese civil society through the eyes of people who operate civil society organizations, with some surprising and insightful findings. Robert Hayhoe offers an overview of Canadian tax law relating to the third sector. Antonio Itriago and Miguel Angel Itriago argue that in Latin America, "organized" civil society may constitute a small and unrepresentative portion of civil society as a whole. We are pleased to reprint two articles from SEAL, the European Foundation Center's journal of social economy and the law: David Moore on tax laws affecting corporate philanthropy in the CEE and NIS, and Simon Zadek on the evolving concept of corporate responsibility. Taking a theoretical approach, scholars Timothy J. Peterson and Jon Van Til dissect the civil society concept. Our feature section concludes with a light essay on cinematic civil society, by Rod Smolla, dean of the University of Richmond School of Law, followed by a book review by Morgan Meis (himself the author of an article on movies and civil society) and short notes on current books.
Once again, we gratefully acknowledge the Charles Stewart Mott Foundation, for principal support for IJNL; the Ford Foundation, for a grant enabling ICNL to undertake an in-depth evaluation of IJNL and the other elements of its Internet Services Program; ICNL Supervisory Council members; and, of course, our authors.
ICNL is grateful to those who are supporting or who have supported this publication in the past, including the United States Agency for International Development, the Catholic University of America, the World Bank, the Rockefeller Brothers Fund, the International Bureau of Fiscal Documentation, the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, the Ford Foundation, the Open Society Institute, the Wallace Global Fund, the Helen Bader Foundation, the Compton Foundation, the American Express Foundation, the AT&T Foundation, the GE Fund, the Rockefeller Foundation, the Alcoa Foundation, the Chevron Corporation, the Counterpart Foundation, the Aga Khan Foundation, the Henry M. Jackson Foundation, the Asian Development Bank, and the Eurasia Foundation.
Stephen Bates
Editor
International Journal of Not-for-Profit Law
sbates@icnl.org