Defending Civil Society

Over the past five years, 76 countries have proposed more than 275 legislative initiatives that impact civil society.

Of these initiatives, more than 85% have been restrictive. The trend is truly global, with no geographic region immune. Restrictions have emerged in both authoritarian and democratic states, ranging from barriers to forming organizations and intrusive oversight procedures to limits on access to resources and the exercise of rights online.

However, it’s not all bad news. Dozens of states have also introduced initiatives that enhance civic space. Moreover, ICNL works to strengthen our partners – civil society organizations, government reformers, donors, and diplomats – to counter restrictive measures and ensure that civil society can operate effectively.

(Icon credit: Kokota & Swifticons)

Key Initiatives

Civic Space Initiative

The Civic Space Initiative is an alliance of four global organizations—ICNL, Article 19, CIVICUS, and the World Movement for Democracy—that seeks to create a world in which civil society can thrive.

Lifeline Embattled CSO Assistance Fund

Through the Lifeline Embattled CSO Assistance Fund, ICNL provides rapid-response advocacy and resiliency grants to civil society organizations coping with urgent threats to freedoms of association, expression, and assembly.

Enabling & Protecting Civic Space

ICNL is a core partner in the Illuminating New Solutions and Programmatic Innovations for Resilient Spaces consortium, which tackles threats to civil society with cutting-edge research, strategic interventions, and a robust learning agenda.

Key Resources

Effective Donor Responses to the Challenge of Closing Civic Space

This 2018 report examines the ways in which donor governments can effectively support civic space in challenging environments.

Defending Civil Society, Second Edition

This 2012 report provides examples of the legal barriers that governments use to constrain civic space and articulates international legal principles to protect civil society.

A Global Assault on Nonprofits

This 2015 Journal of Democracy article by ICNL president Douglas Rutzen summarizes recent developments in the global crackdown on civil society.

All Defending Civil Society Resources

Improving the Measurement of Civic Space

Improving the Measurement of Civic Space
This 2015 report by the Transparency and Accountability Initiative aims to inform the development of ... Read More

CIVICUS State of Civil Society Report 2015

Report on The Regulation of Foreign Funding of Nonprofits in a Democracy
This report from CIVICUS details the key events, issues, and trends affecting civil society around ... Read More

Why Governments Target Civil Society and What Can Be Done in Response

activists in Palestine; analysis icon image
Chief among the current challenges facing the global human rights community (and broader civil society) ... Read More

USAID Guidance on Programming in Closed Spaces

USAID Guidance on Programming in Closed Spaces
This document was issued by USAID in response to a closing civil society space in ... Read More

Civil Society Space and the United Nations Human Rights System

Civil Society Space and the United Nations Human Rights System
This OHCHR guide highlights issues related to the work of civil society actors (CSAs), providing ... Read More
Explore our full resource collection, which includes reports, legal analysis, and curated collections of materials covering an array of issues impacting civic space around the world.