Double Taxation on Income Convention Between Australia and the United States

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DOUBLE TAXATION TAXES ON INCOME
CONVENTION BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND AUSTRALIA
Convention signed at Sydney August 6, 1982;
Transmitted by the President of the United States of America to the Senate September 14, 1982
(Treaty Doc. No.97-28, 97th Cong., 2d Sess.);
Reported favorably by the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations July 11, 1983 (S. Ex. Rept.
No.98-16, 98th Cong., 1st Sess.);
Advice and consent to ratification by the Senate July 27, 1983;
Ratified by the President August 23, 1983;
Ratified by Australia October 19, 1983;
Ratifications exchanged at Washington October 31, 1983;
Proclaimed by the President December 5, 1983;
Entered into force October 31, 1983.
GENERAL EFFECTIVE DATE UNDER ARTICLE 28: 1 DECEMBER 1983
TABLE OF ARTICLES
Article 1———————————Personal Scope
Article 2 ——————————–Taxes Covered
Article 3 ——————————–General Definitions
Article 4 ——————————–Residence
Article 5 ——————————–Permanent Establishment
Article 6 ——————————–Income from Real Property
Article 7 ——————————–Business Profits
Article 8 ——————————–Shipping and Air Transport
Article 9 ——————————–Associated Enterprises
Article 10 ——————————-Dividends
Article 11 ——————————-Interest
Article 12 ——————————-Royalties
Article 13 ——————————-Alienation of Property
Article 14 ——————————-Independent Personal Services
Article 15 ——————————-Dependent Personal Services
Article 16 ——————————-Limitation on Benefits
Article 17 ——————————-Entertainers
Article 18 ——————————-Pensions, Annuities, Alimony and Child Support
Article 19 ——————- ———–Governmental Remuneration
Article 20 ——————————-Students
Article 21 ——————————-Income Not Expressly Mentioned
Article 22 ——————————-Relief from Double Taxation

Article 23 ——————————-Non-Discrimination
Article 24 ——————————-Mutual Agreement Procedure
Article 25 ——————————-Exchange of Information
Article 26 ——————————-Diplomatic and Consular Privileges
Article 27 ——————————-Miscellaneous
Article 28 ——————————-Entry into Force
Article 29 ——————————-Termination
Letter of Submittal———————of 17 August, 1982
Letter of Transmittal——————-of 14 September, 1982
The “Saving Clause”——————-Paragraph 3 of Article 1
TAX CONVENTION WITH AUSTRALIA
MESSAGE
FROM
THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES
TRANSMITTING
THE CONVENTION BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT OF THE
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND THE GOVERNMENT OF
AUSTRALIA FOR THE AVOIDANCE OF DOUBLE TAXATION AND
THE PREVENTION OF FISCAL EVASION WITH RESPECT TO
TAXES ON INCOME, SIGNED AT SYDNEY ON AUGUST 6, 1982
LETTER OF SUBMITTAL
DEPARTMENT OF STATE,
Washington, August 17, 1982.
THE PRESIDENT,
The White House.
THE PRESIDENT: I have the honor to submit to you, with a view to its transmission to the Senate
for advice and consent to ratification, the Convention between the Government of the United States of
America and the Government of Australia for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of
Fiscal Evasion with Respect to Taxes on Income, signed at Sydney on August 6, 1982.

The Convention is based to a large extent on the United States draft model income tax convention
published by the Department of the Treasury in June 1981 and the OECD model published in January
1977. It takes into account changes in the income tax laws and tax treaty policies of the two countries.
With respect to taxes on investment income, the Convention provides that the tax at source may not
exceed 15 percent on dividends and 10 percent on interest and royalties.
At the request of the United States, the Convention includes a provision permitting either
Contracting State to tax gains derived by a resident of the other State on the disposition of an interest in
real property located in the first State.
In addition, the Convention allows the taxation of business profits in certain cases beyond those
covered in the United States model by providing a somewhat broader definition of the term “permanent
establishment.” For example, a building site becomes a permanent establishment if it exists for more than
9 months (rather than the 12 months stipulated in the United States model) and supervisory activities
carried on in connection with a building site for more than 9 out of 24 months constitute a permanent
establishment. The use of a rig or ship for 6 out of 24 months in connection with the exploration or
extraction of natural resources also constitutes a permanent establishment.
The rules governing the taxation of remuneration for personal services are similar to those of other
United States tax treaties.
The Convention introduces a new article on nondiscrimination not found in the existing convention.
This article, by its terms, will not apply to income tax laws reasonably designed to prevent the avoidance
or evasion of taxes, or to tax provisions which are in force on the date of signature of the Convention
(or subsequently enacted, but substantially similar in general purpose or intent to those already in force).
Except for provisions in force on the date of signature, the nondiscrimination article will apply even to
the above types of tax provisions, however, where such provisions (other than ones in international
agreements) discriminate between citizens or residents of the other Contracting State and those of any
third State. If either country considers that taxation measures adopted by the other country infringe upon
these principles, the competent authorities of the two countries will endeavor to resolve the issue.
The Convention will enter into force upon the exchange of instruments of ratification and its
provisions will take effect as of the first day of the second month following that date. The 1953
convention will cease to apply when the new Convention takes effect.
A technical memorandum explaining in detail the provisions of the Convention is being prepared by
the Department of the Treasury and will be submitted to the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations.
The Department of the Treasury, with the cooperation of the Department of State, was primarily
responsible for the negotiation of the Convention. It has the approval of both Departments.
Respectfully submitted,

GEORGE P. SHULTZ.
LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL
THE WHITE HOUSE, September 14, 1982.
To the Senate o/ the United States:
I transmit herewith, for Senate advice and consent to ratification, the Convention between the
Government of the United States of America and the Government of Australia for the Avoidance of
Double Taxation and the Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with Respect to Taxes on Income signed at
Sydney on August 6, 1982. I also transmit the report of the Department of State on the Convention.
The Convention, based on the OECD and draft United States model income tax conventions, takes
into account changes in the income tax laws and tax treaty policies of the two countries. It provides
limits on the tax at source with respect to taxes on investment income and provides rules for the taxation
of capital gains, business profits, personal service income and other income. It also specifies the method
used to avoid double taxation and provides for administrative cooperation between the tax officials of
the two countries to avoid double taxation and prevent fiscal evasion.
I recommend that the Senate give early and favorable consideration to the Convention and give
advice and consent to its ratification.
RONALD REAGAN.
BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
A PROCLAMATION
CONSIDERING THAT:
The Convention between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of
Australia for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with Respect to
Taxes on Income was signed at Sydney on August 6, 1982, the text of which is hereto annexed;
The Senate of the United States of America by its resolution of July 27, 1983, two-thirds of the
Senators present concurring therein, gave its advice and consent to ratification of the Convention;
The Convention was ratified by the President of the United States of America on August 23, 1983,
in pursuance of the advice and consent of the Senate, and was ratified on the part of Australia;

The instruments of ratification of the Convention were exchanged at Washington on October 31,
1983, and accordingly the Convention entered into force on October 31, 1983, its provisions to have
effect as specified in Article 28;
NOW, THEREFORE, I, Ronald Reagan, President of the United States of America, proclaim and
make public the Convention to the end that it be observed and fulfilled with good faith on and after
October 31, 1983, by the United States of America and by the citizens of the United States of America
and all other persons subject to the jurisdiction thereof.
IN TESTIMONY WHEREOF, I have signed this proclamation and caused the Seal of the United
States of America to be affixed.
DONE at the city of Washington this fifth day of December in the year of our Lord one thousand
nine hundred eighty-three and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred
eighth.
By the President:
RONALD REAGAN
GEORGE P. SHULTZ
Secretary of State
CONVENTION BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
AND THE GOVERNMENT OF AUSTRALIA FOR THE AVOIDANCE OF
DOUBLE TAXATION AND THE PREVENTION OF FISCAL EVASION
WITH RESPECT TO TAXES ON INCOME
The Government of the United States of America and the Government of Australia.
Desiring to conclude a Convention for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of
Fiscal Evasion with Respect to Taxes on Income,
Have agreed as follows:
ARTICLE 1
Personal Scope (1) Except as otherwise provided in this Convention, this Convention shall apply to persons who are
residents of one or both of the Contracting States.

(2) This Convention shall not restrict in any manner any exclusion, exemption, deduction, rebate,
credit or other allowance accorded from time to time:
(a) by the laws of either Contracting State; or
(b) by any other agreement between the Contracting States.
(3) Notwithstanding any provision of this Convention, except paragraph (4) of this Article, a
Contracting State may tax its residents (as determined under Article 4 (Residence)) and individuals
electing under its domestic law to be taxed as residents of that state, and by reason of citizenship may
tax its citizens, as if this Convention had not entered into force. For this purpose, the term “citizen” shall,
with respect to United States source income according to United States law relating to United States
tax, include a former citizen whose loss of citizenship had as one of its principal purposes the avoidance
of tax, but only for a period of 10 years following such loss.
(4) The provisions of paragraph (3) shall not affect:
(a) the benefits conferred by a Contracting State under paragraph (2) of Article 9
(Associated Enterprises), paragraph (2) or (6) of Article 18 (Pensions, Annuities, Alimony and
Child Support), Article 22 (Relief from Double Taxation), 23 (Non-Discrimination), 24 (Mutual
Agreement Procedure) or paragraph (1) of Article 27 (Miscellaneous); or
(b) the benefits conferred by a Contracting State under Article 19 (Governmental
Remuneration), 20 (Students) or 26 (Diplomatic and Consular Privileges) upon individuals who
are neither citizens of, nor have immigrant status in, that State (in the case of benefits conferred
by the United States), or who are not ordinarily resident in that State (in the case of benefits
conferred by Australia).
ARTICLE 2
Taxes Covered (1) The existing taxes to which this Convention shall apply are:
(a) in the United States: the Federal income taxes imposed by the Internal Revenue
Code, but excluding the accumulated earnings tax and the personal holding company tax; and
(b) in Australia; the Australian income tax, including the additional tax upon the
undistributed amount of the distributable income of a private company.
(2) This Convention shall also apply to any identical or substantially similar taxes which are imposed
by either Contracting State after the date of signature of this Convention in addition to, or in place of,
the existing taxes. At the end of each calendar year, the competent authority of each Contracting State
shall notify the competent authority of the other Contracting State of any substantial changes which have
been made during that year in the laws of his State relating to the taxes to which this Convention applies
or in the official interpretation of those laws or of this Convention.
ARTICLE 3

General Definitions (1) For the purposes of this convention, unless the context otherwise requires:
(a) the term “person” includes an individual, an estate of a deceased individual, a trust, a
partnership, a company and any other body of persons;
(b) the term “company” means any body corporate or any entity which is treated as a
company or a body corporate for tax purposes;
(c) the terms “enterprise of one of the Contracting States” and “enterprise of the other
Contracting State” mean an enterprise carried on by a resident of Australia or an enterprise
carried on by a resident of the United States, as the context requires;
(d) the term “international traffic” means any transport by a ship or aircraft, except
where such transport is solely between places within a Contracting State;
(e) the term “competent authority” means:
(i) in the case of the United States: the Secretary of the Treasury or his delegate;
and
(ii) in the case of Australia: the Commissioner of Taxation or his authorized
representative;
(f) the terms “Contracting State”, “one of the Contracting States” and “the other
Contracting State” mean the United States or Australia, as the context requires;
(g)(i) the term “United States corporation” means a corporation which, under
United States law relating to United States tax, is a domestic corporation or an
unincorporated entity treated as a domestic corporation, and which is not, under the law
of Australia relating to Australian tax, a resident of Australia; and
(ii) the term “Australian corporation” means a company, as defined under the
law of Australia relating to Australian tax, which, under that law, is a resident of
Australia, and which is not, under United States law relating to United States tax, a
domestic corporation or an unincorporated entity treated as a domestic corporation;
(h) the term “State” means any National State, whether or not one of the Contracting
States;
(i) the term “United State tax” means tax imposed by the United States to which this
Convention applies by virtue of Article 2 (Taxes Covered) and the term “Australian tax” means
tax imposed by Australia to which this Convention applies by virtue of Article 2 (Taxes
Covered), but neither term includes any amount which represents a penalty or interest imposed
under the law of either Contracting State relating to United States tax or Australian tax;
(j)(i) The term “United States” means the United States of America; and
(ii) when used in a geographical sense, the term “United States” means the
states thereof and the District of Columbia and also includes:
(A) the territorial waters thereof; and
(B) the sea-bed and subsoil of the submarine areas adjacent to the
coast thereof, but beyond the territorial waters, over which the United States
exercises rights, in accordance with international law, for purposes of
exploration for, or exploitation of, the natural resources of those areas;

(k) the term “Australia” means the Commonwealth of Australia and, when used in a
geographical sense, includes:
(i) the Territory of Norfolk Island;
(ii) the Territory of Christmas Island;
(iii) the Territory of Cocos (Keeling) Islands;
(iv) the Territory of Ashmore and Cartier Islands;
(v) the Coral Sea Islands Territory; and
(vi) any area adjacent to the territorial limits of Australia or of the said
Territories in respect of which there is for the time being in force, consistently with
international law, a law of Australia or of a State or part of Australia or of a Territory
aforesaid dealing with the exploitation of any of the natural resources of the sea-bed and
subsoil of the continental shelf;
(l) the term “resident of one of the Contracting States” and “resident of the other
Contracting State” mean a resident of Australia or a resident of the United States, as the context
requires.
(2) As regards the application of this Convention by one of the Contracting States, any term not
defined herein shall, unless the context otherwise requires, have the meaning which it has under the laws
of that State relating to the taxes to which this Convention applies.
ARTICLE 4
Residence (1) For the purposes of this Convention:
(a) a person is a resident of Australia if the person is:
(i) an Australian corporation; or
(ii) any other person (except a company as defined under the law of Australia
relating to Australian tax) who, under that law, is a resident of Australia, provided that,
in relation to any income, a person who:
(iii) is subject to Australian tax on income which is from sources in Australia; or
(iv) is a partnership, an estate of a deceased individual or a trust (other than a
trust that is a provident, benefit, superannuation or retirement fund, or that is established
for public charitable purposes or for the purpose of enabling scientific research to be
conducted by or in conjunction with a public university or public hospital, the income of
which is exempt from tax under the law of Australia relating to Australian tax),
shall not be treated as a resident of Australia except to the extent that the income is subject to Australian
tax as the income of a resident, either in the hands of that person or in the hands of a partner of
beneficiary, or, if that income is exempt from Australian tax, is so exempt solely because it is subject to
United States tax; and
(b) a person is a resident of the United States if the person is:
(i) a United States corporation; or

(ii) any other person (except a corporation or unincorporated entity treated as a
corporation for United States tax purposes) resident in the United States for purposes
of its tax, provided that, in relation to any income derived by a partnership, an estate of
a deceased individual or a trust, such person shall not be treated as a resident of the
United States except to the extent that the income is subject to United States tax as the
income of a resident, either in its hands or in the hands of a partner or beneficiary, or, if
that income is exempt from United States tax, is exempt other than because such
person, partner or beneficiary is not a United States person according to United States
law relating to United States tax.
(2) Where by application of paragraph (1) an individual is a resident of both Contracting States, he
shall be deemed to be a resident of the State:
(a) in which he maintain his permanent home;
(b) if the provisions of sub-paragraph (a) do not apply, in which he has an habitual
abode if he has his permanent home in both Contracting States or in neither of the Contracting
States; or
(c) if the provisions of sub-paragraphs (a) and (b) do not apply, with which his personal
and economic relations are closer if he has an habitual abode in both Contracting States or in
neither of the Contracting States.
(3) For the purposes of this paragraph, in determining an individual’s permanent home, regard shall
be given to the place where the individual dwells with his family, and in determining the Contracting
State with which an individual’s personal and economic relations are closer, regard shall be given to his
citizenship (if he is a citizen of one of the Contracting States).
An individual who is deemed to be a resident of one of the Contracting States for any year of
income, or taxable year, as the case may be by reason of the provisions of paragraph (2) shall, for all
purposes of this Convention, be deemed to be a resident only of that State for such year.
ARTICLE 5
Permanent Establishment (1) For the purpose of this Convention, the term “permanent establishment” means a fixed place of
business through the business of an enterprise is wholly or partly carried on.
(2) The term “permanent establishment” shall include especially:
(a) a place of management;
(b) a branch;
(c) an office;
(d) a factory;
(e) a workshop;

(f) a mine, an oil or gas well, a quarry or any other place of extraction of natural
resources;
(g) an agricultural, pastoral or forestry property;
(h) a building site or construction, assembly or installation project which exists for more
than 9 months; and
(i) an installation, drilling rig or ship that, for an aggregate period of at least 6 months in
any 24 month period, is used by an enterprise of one of the Contracting States in the other
Contracting State for dredging or for or in connection with the exploration or exploitation of
natural resources of the sea-bed and subsoil.
(3) Notwithstanding paragraphs (1) and (2), an enterprise of one of the Contracting States shall not
be regarded as having a permanent establishment solely as a result of one or more of the following:
(a) the use of facilities for the purpose of storage, display or delivery of goods or
merchandise belonging to the enterprise;
(b) the maintenance of a stock of goods or merchandise belonging to the enterprise for
the purpose of storage, display or delivery;
(c) the maintenance of a stock of goods or merchandise belonging to the enterprise for
the purpose of processing by another enterprise;
(d) the maintenance of a fixed place of business for the purpose of purchasing goods or
merchandise, or for collecting information, for the enterprise;
(e) the maintenance of a fixed place of business for the purpose of activities which have
a preparatory or auxiliary character, such as advertising or scientific research, for the enterprise;
(f) the maintenance of a building site or construction, assembly or installation project
which does not exist for more than 9 months; or
(g) the use by that enterprise in the other Contracting State, of an installation, drilling rig
or ship for dredging, or for or in connection with the exploration or exploitation of natural
resources of the sea-bed and subsoil, provided that such use is not for an aggregate period of at
least 6 months in any 24 month period.
(4) Notwithstanding paragraphs (1) and (2), an enterprise of one of the Contracting States shall be
deemed to have a permanent establishment in the other Contracting State if:
(a) it carries on business in that other State through a person, other than an agent of
independent status to whom paragraph (5) applies, who has authority to conclude contracts on
behalf of that enterprise and habitually exercises that authority in that other State, unless the
activities of such person are limited to those mentioned in paragraph (3) which, if exercised
through a fixed place of business, would not make that fixed place of business a permanent
establishment under the provisions of that paragraph;
(b) it maintains substantial equipment for rental or other purposes within that other State
(excluding equipment let under a hire-purchase agreement) for a period of more than 12
months;
(c) it engages in supervisory activities in that other State for more than 9 months in any
24 month period in connection with a building site or construction, assembly or installation
project in that other State; or

(d) it has goods or merchandise belonging to it that:
(i) were purchased by it in that other State, and not subjected to prior
substantial processing outside that other State; or
(ii) were produced by it or on its behalf in that other State, and are, after such
purchase or production, subjected to substantial processing in that other State by an
enterprise where either enterprise participates directly or indirectly in the management,
control or capital of the other enterprise, or where the same persons participate directly
or indirectly in the management, control or capital of both enterprises.
(5) An enterprise of one of the Contracting States shall not be deemed to have a permanent
establishment in the other Contracting State merely because that enterprise carries on business in that
other State through a broker, general commission agent, or any other agent of independent status,
where such broker or agent is acting in the ordinary course of his business as a broker, general
commission agent or other agent of independent status.
(6) The fact that a company which is a resident of one of the Contracting States controls or is
controlled by a company which is a resident of the other Contracting State, or which carries on business
in that other State (whether through a permanent establishment or otherwise), shall not of itself constitute
either company a permanent establishment of the other.
(7) The principles set forth in the preceding paragraphs of this Article shall be applied in determining
for purposes of this Convention whether there is a permanent establishment in a State other than one of
the Contracting States and whether an enterprise other than an enterprise of one of the Contracting
States has a permanent establishment in one of the Contracting States.
ARTICLE 6
Income from Real Property (1) Income from real property may be taxed by the Contracting State in which such real property is
situated.
(2) For the purposes of this Convention:
(i) a leasehold interest in land, whether or not improved, shall be regarded as
real property situated where the land to which the interest relates is situated; and
(ii) rights to exploit or to explore for natural resources shall be regarded as real
property situated where the natural resources are situated or sought.
ARTICLE 7
Business Profits

(1) The business profits of an enterprise of one of the Contracting States shall be taxable only in that
State unless the enterprise carries on business in the other Contracting State through a permanent
establishment situated therein. If the enterprise carries on business as aforesaid, the business profits of
the enterprise may be taxed in the other State but only so much of them as is attributable to that
permanent establishment.
(2) Subject to the provisions of paragraph (3), where an enterprise of one the Contracting States
carries on business in the other Contracting State through a permanent establishment situated therein,
there shall in each Contracting State be attributed to that permanent establishment the business profits
which it might be expected to make if it were a distinct and independent enterprise engaged in the same
or similar activities under the same or similar conditions and dealing wholly independently with the
enterprise of which it is a permanent establishment or with other enterprises with which it deals.
(3) In the determination of the business profits of a permanent establishment, there shall be allowed
as deductions expenses which are reasonably connected with the profits (including executive and
general administrative expenses) and which would be deductible if the permanent establishment were an
independent entity which paid those expenses, whether incurred in the Contracting State in which the
permanent establishment is situated or elsewhere.
(4) No business profits shall be attributed to a permanent establishment by reason of the mere
purchase by that permanent establishment of goods or merchandise for the enterprise.
(5) For the purposes of the preceding paragraphs of this Article, the business profits to be attributed
to the permanent establishment shall be determined by the same method year by year unless there is
good and sufficient reason to the contrary.
(6) Where business profits include items of income which are dealt with separately in other Articles
of this Convention, then the provisions of those Articles shall not be affected by the provisions of this
Article.
(7) Nothing in this Article shall affect the application of any law of a Contracting State relating to the
determination of the tax liability of a person in cases where the information available to the competent
authority of that State is inadequate to determine the profits to be attributed to a permanent
establishment, provided that, on the basis of the available information, the determination of the profits of
the permanent establishment is consistent with the principles stated in this Article.
(8) Nothing in this Article shall in a Contracting State prevent the operation in that State of its law
relating specifically to the taxation of any person who carries on the business of any form of insurance
(as long as that law as in effect on the date of signature of this Convention is not varied otherwise than in
minor respects so as not to affect its general character).
ARTICLE 8
Shipping and Air Transport

(1) Profits derived by a resident of one of the Contracting States from the operation in international
traffic of ships or aircraft shall be taxable only in that State. For the purposes of this Article, profits from
the operation in international traffic of ships or aircraft include:
(a) profits from the lease on a full basis of ships or aircraft operated in international
traffic by the lessee, provided that the lessor either operates ships or aircraft otherwise than
solely between places in the other Contracting State or regularly leases ships or aircraft on a full
basis; and
(b) profits from the lease of ships or aircraft on a bareboat basis or of containers and
related equipment, provided that such lease is merely incidental to the operation in international
traffic of ships or aircraft by the lessor and the leased ships or aircraft are operated in
international traffic, or the containers and related equipment are used in international traffic, by
the lessee.
(2) The provisions of paragraph (1) shall apply to the share of the profits from the operation in
international traffic of ships or aircraft derived by a resident of one of the Contracting States through
participation in a pool service, in a joint transport operation organization or in an international operating
agency.
(3) For the purposes of this Article, profits derived from the carriage by ships or aircraft of
passengers, livestock, mail, goods or merchandise shipped in a Contracting State for discharge at
another place in that State shall not be treated as profits from the operation in international traffic of
ships or aircraft and may be taxed in that State.
ARTICLE 9
Associated Enterprises (1) Where:
(a) an enterprise of one of the Contracting States participates directly or indirectly in the
management, control or capital of an enterprise of the other Contracting State; or
(b) the same persons participate directly or indirectly in the management, control or
capital of an enterprise of one of the Contracting States and an enterprise of the other
Contracting State,
and in either case conditions operate between the two enterprises in their commercial or financial
relations which differ from those which might be expected to operate between independent enterprises
dealing wholly independently with one another, then any profits which, but for those conditions, might
have been expected to accrue to one of the enterprises, but, by reason of those conditions, have not so
accrued, may be included in the profits of that enterprise and taxed accordingly.
(2) Where profits on which an enterprise of one of the Contracting States has been charged to tax in
that State are also included, by virtue of paragraph (1), in the profits of an enterprise of the other
Contracting State and taxed accordingly, and the profits so included are profits which might have been

expected to have accrued to that enterprise of the other State if the conditions operative between the
enterprises had been those which might have been expected to have operated between independent
enterprises dealing wholly independently with one another, then the first-mentioned State shall make an
appropriate adjustment to the amount of tax charged on those profits in the first-mentioned State. In
determining such an adjustment, due regard shall be had to the other provisions of this Convention and
the competent authorities of the Contracting State shall if necessary consult each other.
(3) Nothing in this Article shall affect the application of any Law of a Contracting State relating to
the determination of the tax liability of a person, including determinations in cases where the information
available to the competent authority of that State is inadequate to determine the income to be attributed
to an enterprise, provided that, on the basis of the available information, the determination of that tax
liability is consistent with the principles stated in this Article.
ARTICLE 10
Dividends (1) Dividends paid by a company which is a resident of one of the Contracting States for the
purposes of its tax, being dividends to which a resident of the other Contracting State is beneficially
entitled, may be taxed in that other State.
(2) Such dividends may be taxed in the Contracting State of which the company paying the
dividends is a resident for the purposes of its tax, and according to the law of that State, but the tax so
charged shall not exceed 15 percent of the gross amount of the dividends.
(3) The term “dividends” in this Article means income from shares and other income assimilated to
income from shares by the taxation law of the Contracting State of which the company making the
distribution is a resident for the purposes of its tax.
(4) The provisions of paragraph (2) shall not apply if the person beneficially entitled to the
dividends, being a resident of one of the Contracting States, carries on business in the other Contracting
State, being the State of which the company paying the dividends is a resident, through a permanent
establishment situated therein, or performs in that other State independent personal services from a fixed
base situated therein, and the holding in respect of which the dividends are paid is effectively connected
with such permanent establishment or fixed base. In such a case, the provisions of Article 7 (Business
Profits) or Article 14 (Independent Personal Services), as the case may be, shall apply.
(5) Where a company is a resident of one of the Contracting States, the other Contracting State
may not impose any tax on dividends paid by the company, except insofar as:
(a) a resident of that other State is beneficially entitled to the dividends;
(b) the holding in respect of which the dividends are paid is effectively connected with a
permanent establishment or a fixed base situated in that other State; or

(c) that other State does not impose a tax of the kind described in paragraph (6)
(excluding the accumulated earnings tax and the personal holding company tax imposed by the
United States) and the dividends are paid out of profits attributable to one or more permanent
establishments which such company had in that other State, provided that the gross income
attributable to such permanent establishments constituted at least 50 percent of such company’s
gross income from all sources.
Where sub-paragraph (c) applies and sub-paragraphs (a) and (b) do not apply, any such tax shall not
exceed 15 percent of the dividends.
(6) Nothing in this Convention shall be construed as preventing a Contracting State from imposing
on the income of a company which is a resident of the other Contracting State, tax in addition to the
taxes referred to in Article 2 in relation to the first-mentioned Contracting State which are payable by a
company which is a resident of the first-mentioned State, provided that any such additional tax shall not
exceed 15 percent of the amount by which the taxable income of the first-mentioned company of a year
of income exceeds the tax payable on that taxable income to the first-mentioned State. Any tax payable
to a Contracting State on the undistributed profits of a company which is a resident of the other
Contracting State shall be calculated as if that company were not liable to the additional tax referred to
in this paragraph and had paid dividends of such amount that tax equal to the amount of that additional
tax would have been payable on the dividends in accordance with paragraph (2) of this Article.
ARTICLE 11
Interest (1) Interest from sources in one of the Contracting States, being interest to which a resident of the
other Contracting State is beneficially entitled, may be taxed in that other State.
(2) Such interest may be taxed in the Contracting State in which it has its source, and according to
the law of that State, but the tax so charged shall not exceed 10 percent of the gross amount of the
interest.
(3) Paragraph (2) shall not apply if the person beneficially entitled to the interest, being a resident of
one of the Contracting States, has a permanent establishment in the other Contracting State or performs
independent personal services in that other State from a fixed base situated therein and the indebtedness
giving rise to the interest is effectively connected with such permanent establishment of fixed base. In
such a case the provisions of Article 7 (Business Profits) or Article 14 (Independent Personal Services),
as the case may be, shall apply.
(4) Where, owing to a special relationship between the payer and the person beneficially entitled to
the interest, or between both of them and some other person, the amount of the interest paid, having
regard to the indebtedness for which it is paid, exceeds the amount which might have been expected to
have been agreed upon by the payer and the person so entitled in the absence of such relationship, the

provisions of this Article shall apply only to the last-mentioned amount. In that case, the excess part of
the amount of the interest paid shall remain taxable according to the law of each Contracting State, but
subject to the other provisions of this Convention.
(5) The term “interest” as used in this Convention includes income which, under the taxation law of
the Contracting State in which the income has its source, is assimilated to income from money lent.
(6) A Contracting State may not impose any tax on interest paid by a resident of the other
Contracting State, except insofar as:
(a) such interest has its source in the first-mentioned State, or is interest to which a
resident of that State is beneficially entitled; or
(b) the indebtedness in respect of which the interest is paid is effectively connected with
a permanent establishment or a fixed base of the beneficial owner of the interest situated in the
first-mentioned State.
(7) Interest shall be treated as income from sources in a Contracting State when the payer is that
State itself or a political subdivision or local authority of that State or a person who is a resident of that
State for the purposes of its tax. Where, however, the person paying the interest, whether he is a
resident of one of the Contracting States or not, has in one of the Contracting States or outside both
Contracting States a permanent establishment or fixed base in connection with which the indebtedness
on which the interest is paid was incurred, and such interest is borne by such permanent establishment
or fixed base, then such interest shall be deemed to have its source in the State in which the permanent
establishment or fixed base is situated.
ARTICLE 12
Royalties (1) Royalties from sources in one of the Contracting States, being royalties to which a resident of
the other Contracting State is beneficially entitled, may be taxed in that other State.
(2) Such royalties may be taxed in the Contracting State in which they have their source, and
according to the law of that State, but the tax so charged shall not exceed 10 percent of the gross
amount of the royalties.
(3) Paragraph (2) shall not apply if the person beneficially entitled to the royalties, being a resident
of one of the Contracting States, has a permanent establishment in the other Contracting State or
performs independent personal services in that other State from a fixed base situated therein, and the
property or rights giving rise to the royalties are effectively connected with such permanent establishment
or fixed base. In such a case the provisions of Article 7 (Business Profits) or Article 14 (Independent
Personal Services), as the case may be, shall apply.
(4) The term “royalties” in this Article means:

(a) payments or credits of any kind to the extent to which they are consideration for the
use of or the right to use any:
(i) copyright, patent, design or model, plan, secret formula or process,
trademark or other like property or right;
(ii) industrial, commercial or scientific equipment, other than equipment let under
a hire purchase agreement;
(iii) motion picture films; or
(iv) films or video tapes for the use in connection with television or tapes for use
in connection with radio broadcasting;
(b) payments or credits of any kind to the extent to which they are considered for:
(i) the supply of scientific, technical, industrial or commercial knowledge or
information owned by any person;
(ii) the supply of any assistance of an ancillary and subsidiary nature furnished as
a means of enabling the application or enjoyment of knowledge or information referred
to in sub-paragraph (b) (i) or of any other property or rights to which this Article
applies; or
(iii) a total or partial forbearance in respect of the use or supply of any property
or right described in this paragraph; or
(c) income derived from the sale, exchange or other disposition of any property or right
described in this paragraph to the extent to which the amount realized on such sale, exchange or
other disposition are contingent on the productivity, use or further disposition of such property
or right.
(5) Where, owing to a special relationship between the payer and the person beneficially entitled to
the royalties or between both of them and some other person, the amount of the royalties paid or
credited, having regard to what they are paid or credited for, exceeds the amount which might have
been expected to have been agreed upon by the payer and the person so entitled in the absence of such
relationship, the provisions of this Article shall apply only to the last-mentioned amount. In that case, the
excess part of the amount of the royalties paid or credited shall remain taxable according to the law of
each Contracting State, but subject to the other provisions of this Convention.
(6)(a) Royalties shall be treated as income from sources in a Contracting State when the
payer in that State itself or a political subdivision or local authority of that State or a person who
is a resident of that State for the purposes of its tax. Where, however, the person paying the
royalties, whether he is a resident of one of the Contracting States or not, has in one of the
Contracting States or outside both Contracting States a permanent establishment or fixed base
in connection with which the liability to pay the royalties was incurred, and the royalties are
borne by the permanent establishment or fixed base, then the royalties shall be deemed to have
their source in the State in which the permanent establishment or fixed base is situated.
(b) Where sub-paragraph (a) does not operate to treat royalties as being from sources
in one of the Contracting States, and the royalties relate to use or the right to use in one of the
Contracting States of any property or right described in paragraph (4), the royalties shall be
treated as income from sources in that State.

ARTICLE 13
Alienation of Property (1) Income or gains derived by a resident of one of the Contracting States from the alienation or
disposition of real property situated in the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other State.
(2) For the purposes of this Article:
(a) the term “real property situated in the other Contracting State”, where the United
States is that other Contracting State, includes a United States real property interest, and real
property referred to in Article 6 which is situated in the United States; and
(b) the term “real property”, in the case of Australia, shall have the meaning which it has
under the laws in force from time to time in Australia and, without limiting the foregoing,
includes:
(i) real property referred to in Article 6,
(ii) shares or comparable interests in a company, the assets of which consist
wholly or principally of real property situated in Australia; and
(iii) an interest in a partnership, trust or estate of a deceased individual, the
assets of which consist wholly or principally of real property situated in Australia.
(3) Income or gains derived by an enterprise of one of the Contracting States from the alienation of
ships, aircraft or containers operated or used by it in international traffic shall, except to the extent to
which that enterprise has been allowed depreciation in the other Contracting State in respect of those
ships, aircraft or containers, be taxable only in that State, and income described in sub-paragraph (4)
(c) of Article 12 (Royalties) shall be taxable only in accordance with the provisions of Article 12.
(4) For the purposes of this Article, real property consisting of shares in a company referred to in
sub-paragraph (2) (b) (ii), and interests in a partnership, trust or estate referred to in sub-paragraph (2)
(b) (iii), shall be deemed to be situated in Australia.
ARTICLE 14
Independent Personal Services Income derived by an individual who is a resident of one of the Contracting States from the
performance of personal services in an independent capacity shall be taxable only in that State unless
such services are performed in the other Contracting State and:
(a) the individual is present in that other State for a period or periods aggregating more
than 183 days in the taxable year or year of income of that other State; or
(b) the individual has a fixed base regularly available to him in that other State for the
purpose of performing his activities, in which case so much of the income as is attributable to
that fixed base may be taxed in such other State.

ARTICLE 15
Dependent Personal Services (1) Subject to the provisions of Article 18 (Pensions, Annuities, Alimony and Child Support) and 19
(Governmental Remuneration), salaries, wages and other similar remuneration derived by an individual
who is a resident of one of the Contracting States in respect of an employment or in respect of services
performed as a director of a company shall be taxable only in that State unless the employment is
exercised or the services performed in the other Contracting State. If the employment is so exercised or
the services so performed, such remuneration as is derived from that exercise or performance may be
taxed in that other State.
(2) Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph (1), remuneration derived by an individual who is a
resident of one of the Contracting States in respect of an employment exercised in the other Contracting
State or in respect of services performed in the other Contracting State as a director of a company shall
be taxable only in the first-mentioned State if:
(a) the recipient is present in that other State for a period or periods not exceeding in
the aggregate 183 days in the taxable year or year of income of that other State;
(b) the remuneration is paid by, or on behalf of, an employer or company who is not a
resident of that other State; and
(c) the remuneration is not deductible in determining taxable profits of a permanent
establishment, a fixed base or a trade or business which the employer or company has in that
other State.
(3) Notwithstanding the preceding provisions of this Article, remuneration in respect of an
employment exercised aboard a ship or aircraft operated in international traffic by a resident of one of
the Contracting States may be taxed in that State.
ARTICLE 16
Limitation on Benefits (1) A person (other than an individual) which is a resident of one of the Contracting States shall not
be entitled under this Convention to relief from taxation in the other Contracting State unless:
(a) more than 75 percent of the beneficial interest in such person (or in the case of a
company, more than 75 percent of the number of shares of each class of the company’s shares)
is owned, directly or indirectly, by any combination of one or more of:
(i) individuals who are residents of the United States;
(ii) citizens of the United States;
(iii) individuals who are residents of Australia;
(iv) companies as described in sub-paragraph (b); and
(v) the Contracting States;

(b) it is a company in whose principal class of shares there is substantial and regular
trading on a recognized stock exchange in one of the Contracting States; or
(c) the establishment, acquisition and maintenance of such person and the conduct of its
operations did not have as one of its principal purposes the purpose of obtaining benefits under
the Convention.
(2) For the purpose of sub-paragraph (1) (b), the term “a recognized stock exchange” includes, in
relation to the United States, the NASDAQ System owned by the National Association of Securities
Dealers, Inc.
(3) Where:
(a) income derived by a trustee is to be treated for the purposes of this Convention as
income of a resident of one of the Contracting States; and
(b) the trustee derived the income in connection with a scheme a principal purpose of
which was to obtain a benefit under this Convention, then, notwithstanding any other provision
of this Convention, the Convention does not apply in relation to that income.
ARTICLE 17
Entertainers (1) Notwithstanding the provisions of Articles 14 (Independent Personal Services) and 15
(Dependent Personal Services), income derived by entertainers (such as theatrical, motion picture, radio
or television artists, musicians and athletes) from their personal activities as such may be taxed in the
Contracting State in which these activities are exercised, except where the amount of the gross receipts
derived by any such entertainer, including expenses reimbursed to him or borne on his behalf, from such
activities does not exceed ten thousand United States dollars ($10,000) or its equivalent in Australian
dollars for the taxable year or year of income concerned.
(2) Where income in respect of activities exercised by an entertainer in his capacity as such accrues
not to the entertainer but to another person, that income may, notwithstanding the provisions of Articles
7 (Business Profits), 14 (Independent Personal Services), and 15 (Dependent Personal Services), be
taxed in the Contracting State in which the activities of the entertainer are exercised, unless it is
established that neither the entertainer nor any person related to him participates directly or indirectly in
any profits of such other person in any manner, including the receipt of deferred remuneration, bonuses,
fees, dividends, partnership distributions or other distributions.
ARTICLE 18
Pensions, Annuities, Alimony and Child Support

(1) Subject to the provisions of Article 19 (Governmental Remuneration), pensions and other similar
remuneration paid to an individual who is a resident of one of the Contracting States in consideration of
past employment shall be taxable only in that State.
(2) Social Security payments and other public pensions paid by one of the Contracting States to an
individual who is a resident of the other Contracting State or a citizen of the United States shall be
taxable only in the first-mentioned State.
(3) Annuities paid to an individual who is a resident of one of the Contracting States shall be taxable
only in that State.
(4) The term “pensions and other similar remuneration”, as used in this Article, means periodic
payments made by reason of retirement or death, in consideration for services rendered, or by way of
compensation paid after retirement for injuries received in connection with past employment.
(5) The term “annuities”, as used in this Article, means stated sums paid periodically at stated times
during life, or during a specified or ascertainable number of years, under an obligation to make the
payments in return for adequate and full consideration (other than services rendered or to be rendered).
(6) Any alimony or other maintenance payments, including payments for the support of a minor
child, arising in one of the Contracting States and paid to a resident of the other Contracting State, shall
be taxable only in the first-mentioned State.
ARTICLE 19
Governmental Remuneration Wages, salaries, and similar remuneration, including pensions, paid from funds of one of the
Contracting States, of a state or other political subdivision thereof or of an agency or authority of any of
the foregoing for labor or personal services performed as an employee of any of the above in the
discharge of governmental functions to a citizen of that State shall be exempt from tax by the other
Contracting State.
ARTICLE 20
Students Where a student, who is a resident of one of the Contracting States or who was a resident of that
State immediately before visiting the other Contracting State and who is temporarily present in that other
State for the purpose of his full-time education, receives payments from sources outside that other State
for the purpose of his maintenance or education, those payments shall be exempt from tax in that other
State.

ARTICLE 21
Income Not Expressly Mentioned (1) Items of income of a resident of one of the Contracting States which are not expressly mentioned
in the foregoing Articles of this Convention shall be taxable only in that State.
(2) However, if such income is derived by a resident of one of the Contracting States from sources
in the other Contracting State, such income may also be taxed in the State in which it has its source.
(3) The provisions of paragraph (1) shall not apply to income derived by a resident of one of the
Contracting States which is effectively connected with a permanent establishment situated in the other
Contracting State. In such a case, the provisions of Article 7 (Business Profits) shall apply.
ARTICLE 22
Relief from Double Taxation (1) Subject to paragraph (4) and in accordance with the provisions and subject to the limitations of
the law of the United States (as it may be amended from time to time without changing the general
principle hereof), in the case of the United States, double taxation shall be avoided as follows:
(a) the United States shall allow to a resident or citizen of the United States as a credit
against United States tax the appropriate amount of income tax paid to Australia; and
(b) in the case of a United States corporation owning at least 10 percent of the voting
stock of a company which is a resident of Australia from which it receives dividends in any
taxable year, the United States shall also allow as a credit against United States tax the
appropriate amount of income tax paid to Australia by that company with respect to the profits
out of which such dividends are paid.
Such appropriate amount shall be based upon the amount of income tax paid to Australia. For purposes
of applying the United States credit in relation to income tax paid to Australia the taxes referred to in
sub-paragraph (1) (b) and paragraph (2) of Article 2 (Taxes Covered) shall be considered to be
income taxes. No provision of this Convention relating to source of income shall apply in determining
credits against the United States tax for foreign taxes other than those referred to in sub-paragraph (1)
(b) and paragraph (2) of Article 2 (Taxes Covered).
(2) Subject to paragraph (4), United States tax paid under the law of the United States and in
accordance with this Convention, other than United States tax imposed in accordance with paragraph
(3) of Article 1 (Personal Scope) solely by reason of citizenship or by reason of an election by an
individual under United States domestic law to be taxed as a resident of the United States, in respect of
income derived from sources in the United States by a person who, under Australian law relating to
Australian tax, is a resident of Australia shall be allowed as a credit against Australian tax payable in
respect of the income. The credit shall not exceed the amount of Australian tax payable on the income
or any class thereof or on income from sources outside Australia. Subject to these general principles,

the credit shall be in accordance with the provisions and subject to the limitations of the law of Australia
as that law may be in force from time to time.
(3) An Australian corporation that owns at least 10 percent of the voting power in a United States
corporation is, in accordance with the law of Australia as in force at the date of signature of this
Convention, entitled to a rebate in its assessment, at the average rate of tax payable by it, in respect of
dividends paid by the United States corporation that are included in the taxable income of the Australian
corporation. However, should the law as so enforce be amended so that the rebate in relation to the
dividends ceases to be allowable under that law, Australia shall allow credit under paragraph (2) for the
United States tax paid on the profits out of which the dividends are paid as well as for the United States
tax paid on the dividends.
(4) For the purposes of computing United States tax, where a United States citizen is a resident of
Australia, the United States shall allow as a credit against United States tax the income tax paid to
Australia after the credit referred to in paragraph (2). The credit so allowed against United States tax
shall not reduce that portion of the United States tax that is creditable against Australian tax in
accordance with paragraph (2).
ARTICLE 23
Non-discrimination (1) Each Contracting State in enacting tax measures shall ensure that:
(a) citizens of a Contracting State who are residents of the other Contracting State shall
not be subjected in that other State to any taxation or any requirement connected therewith
which is more burdensome than the taxation or connected requirements to which citizens of that
other State who are residents of that other State in the same circumstances are or may be
subjected;
(b) except where the provisions of paragraph (1) of Article 9 (Associated Enterprises),
paragraph (4) of Article 11 (Interest) or paragraph (5) of Article 12 (Royalties) apply, interest,
royalties and other disbursements paid by a resident of a Contracting State to a resident of the
other Contracting State shall, for the purpose of determining the taxable profits of the resident of
the first-mentioned State, be deductible under the same conditions as if they had been paid to a
resident of the first-mentioned State;
(c) a corporation of a Contracting State, the capital of which is wholly or partly owned
or controlled, directly or indirectly, by one or more residents of the other Contracting State,
shall not be subjected in the first-mentioned State to any taxation or any requirement connected
therewith which is more burdensome than the taxation or connected requirements to which other
similar corporations of the first-mentioned State in the same circumstances are or may be
subjected; and
(d) the taxation on a permanent establishment which a resident of a Contracting State
has in the other Contracting State shall not be less favorably levied in that other State than the

taxation levied on residents of that other State that carry on the same activities in the same
circumstances.
(2) Nothing in this Article relates to any provision of the taxation laws of a Contracting State:
(a) in force on the date of signature of this Convention;
(b) adopted after the date of signature of this Convention but which is substantially
similar in general purpose or intent to a provision covered by sub-paragraph (a); or
(c) reasonably designed to prevent the avoidance or evasion of taxes;
provided that, with respect to provisions covered by sub-paragraphs (b) or (c), such provisions (other
than provisions in international agreements) do not discriminate between citizens or residents of the other
Contracting State and those of any third State.
(3) Without limiting by implication the interpretation of this Article, it is hereby declared that, except
to the extent expressly so provided, nothing in the Article prevents a Contracting State from
distinguishing in its taxation laws between residents and non-residents solely on the ground of their
residence.
(4) Where one of the Contracting States considers that the taxation measures of the other
Contracting State infringe the principles set forth in this Article the Contracting States shall consult
together in an endeavor to resolve the matter.
ARTICLE 24
Mutual Agreement Procedure (1)(a) Where a resident of one of the Contracting States considers that the action of one or
both of the Contracting States results or will result for him in taxation not in accordance with this
Convention, he may, notwithstanding the remedies provided by the domestic laws of those
States, present his case to the competent authority of the Contracting State of which he is a
resident or citizen. The case must be presented within three years from the first notification of
that action.
(b) Should the claim be considered to have merit by the competent authority of the
Contracting State to which the claim is made, that competent authority shall seek to come to an
agreement with the competent authority of the other Contracting State with a view to the
avoidance of taxation contrary to the provisions of this Convention. Any agreement reached
shall be implemented notwithstanding any time limits or other procedural limitations in the
domestic law of the Contracting States.
(2) The competent authorities of the Contracting States shall seek to resolve by agreement any
difficulties or doubts arising as to the application or interpretation of this Convention. In particular the
competent authorities of the Contracting States may agree:

(a) to the same attribution of income, deductions, credits, or allowances of an enterprise
of one of the Contracting States to its permanent establishment situated in the other Contracting
State;
(b) to the same allocation of income, deductions, credits, or allowances between
persons;
(c) to the same determination of the source of particular items of income;
(d) to the same meaning of any term used in this Convention; or
(e) to which of the Contracting States an individual described in sub-paragraph (2) (c)
of Article 4 (Residence) has closer personal and economic relations.
(3) The competent authorities of the Contracting States may communicate with each other directly
for the purpose of reaching an agreement in the sense of this Article.
ARTICLE 25
Exchange of Information (1) The competent authorities shall exchange such information as is necessary for carrying out the
provisions of this Convention or for the prevention of fraud or for the administration of statutory
provisions concerning taxes to which this Convention applies provided the information is of a class that
can be obtained under the laws and administrative practices of each Contracting State with respect to its
own taxes.
(2) Any information so exchanged shall be treated as secret and shall not be disclosed to any
persons other than those (including a Court or administrative body) concerned with the assessment,
collection, administration or enforcement of, or with litigation with respect to, the taxes to which this
Convention applies.
(3) No information shall be exchanged which would be contrary to public policy.
(4) If specifically requested by the competent authority of one of the Contracting States, the
competent authority of the other Contracting State shall provide information under the Article in the form
of copies of unedited original documents (including books, papers, statements, records, accounts or
writings) to the same extent such documents can be obtained under the laws and administrative
practices of that other State with respect to its own taxes.
(5) Each of the Contracting States shall endeavor to collect on behalf of the other Contracting State
amounts equal to such taxes imposed by the other State as will ensure that any exemption or reduction
in rate of tax granted under this Convention by that other State shall not be enjoyed by persons not
entitled to such benefits.
ARTICLE 26

Diplomatic and Consular Privileges Nothing in this Convention shall affect diplomatic and consular privileges under the general rules of
international law or under the provisions of special agreements.
ARTICLE 27
Miscellaneous (1)(a) Income derived by a resident of the United States which, under this Convention,
may be taxed in Australia shall for the purposes of the income tax law of Australia and of this
Convention be deemed to be income from sources in Australia.
(b) Income derived by a resident of Australia which, under this Convention, may be
taxed in the United States, other than income taxed by the United States in accordance with
paragraph (3) of Article 1 (Personal Scope) solely by reason of citizenship or by reason of an
election by an individual under United States domestic law to be taxed as a resident of the
United States, shall for the purposes of paragraph (2) of Article 22 (Relief from Double
Taxation) and of the income tax law of Australia be deemed to be income from sources in the
United States.
(c) Where paragraph (4) of Article 22 (Relief from Double Taxation) applies, income
referred to in that paragraph shall be deemed to have its source in Australia to the extent
necessary to give effect to the provisions of that paragraph.
(2) Any exemption from tax by one of the Contracting States provided for in Article 14
(Independent Personal Services), 15 (Dependent Personal Services), 17 (Entertainers) or 19
(Governmental Remuneration) shall be inapplicable to the extent that the income to which the exemption
relates is not or, upon the application of the relevant Article of this Convention (prior to application of
this paragraph), will not be subject to tax by the other Contracting State.
ARTICLE 28
Entry into Force (1) This Convention shall be subject to ratification in accordance with the applicable procedures of
each Contracting State, and instruments of ratification shall be exchanged at Washington, D.C., as soon
as possible.
(2) The Convention shall enter into force upon the exchange of instruments of ratification and its
provisions shall have effect:
(a) with respect to those dividends, interest and royalties to which Article 10
(Dividends), 11 (Interest) and 12 (Royalties), respectively, apply and which are paid, credited
or otherwise derived on or after the first day of the second month following the date on which
the Convention enters into force; and

(b) with respect to all other income of a taxpayer, for the taxpayer’s years of income or
taxable years, as the case may be, commencing on or after the first day of the second month
following the date on which the Convention enters into force.
(3) Subject to paragraph (4), the convention between the Government of the United States of
America and the Government of the Commonwealth of Australia for the Avoidance of Double Taxation
and the Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with respect to Taxes on Income signed at Washington on May
14, 1953 (in this Article referred to as the 1953 Convention) shall cease to have effect with respect to
taxes to which this Convention applies under paragraph (2).
(4) The 1953 Convention shall terminate on the expiration of the last date on which it has effect in
accordance with the foregoing provisions of this Article.
ARTICLE 29
Termination (1) This Convention shall remain in force until terminated by a Contracting State. Either Contracting
State may terminate the Convention at any time after 5 years from the date on which the Convention
enters into force, provided that at least 6 months prior notice of termination has been given through the
diplomatic channel. In such event, the Convention shall cease to have effect:
(a) with respect to those dividends, interest and royalties to which Articles 10
(Dividends), 11 (Interest) and 12 (Royalties) respectively apply, and which are paid, credited or
otherwise derived on or after the first day of January following the expiration of the 6 month
period; and
(b) with respect to all other income of a taxpayer, for the taxpayer’s years of income or
taxable years, as the case may be, commencing on or after the first day of January following the
expiration of the 6-month period.
(2) Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph (1) upon prior notice to be given through the
diplomatic channel, the provisions of paragraph (2) of Article 18 (Pensions, Annuities, Alimony and
Child Support) may be terminated by either Contracting State at any time after this Convention enters
into force.
DONE in duplicate at Sydney day of August 1982 this sixth day of August 1982
FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF FOR THE GOVERNMENT
THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA OF AUSTRALIA
(s) R. D. Nesen.(s) John Howard.
.