INCOME-TAX ACT, 1961*
[43 OF 1961][AS AMENDED BY FINANCE ACT, 2008] An Act to consolidate and amend the law relating to
income-tax and super-tax
BE it enacted by Parliament in the Twelfth Year of the Republic of
India as follows :—CHAPTER I
PRELIMINARY
Short title, extent and commencement.
1
1.2
(1) This Act may be called the Income-tax Act, 1961.
(2) It extends to the whole of India.
(3) Save as otherwise provided in this Act, it shall come into force on the 1st day
of April, 1962.
Definitions.
2.In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires,—
3
[(1)“advance tax” means the advance tax payable in accordance with the
provisions of Chapter XVII-C;]1.For applicability of the Act to State of Sikkim, see section 26 of the Finance Act, 1989.
For extension of Act to Continental Shelf of India, see Notification No. GSR 304(E), dated
31-3-1983. For details, see Taxmann’s Master Guide to Income-tax Act.
2.For effective date for the applicability of the Act in the State of Sikkim, see Notification
No. SO 148(E), dated 23-2-1989. For details, see Taxmann’s Master Guide to Income-tax
Act.
3.Inserted by the Direct Tax Laws (Amendment) Act, 1987, w.e.f. 1-4-1989.
*Amendments made by the Finance Act, 2008 notwithstanding the dates from which they
come into effect, have been printed in italics enclosed with bold square brackets.
Amendments made by the Finance Act, 2007 coming into force from April 1, 2008 have also
been printed in italics but enclosed within medium square brackets.
1.1

4
[5
(1A)]6
“agricultural income”7
means8
—
9
[(a)any rent10
or revenue derived from land10
which is situated in
India and is used for agricultural purposes;] (b)any income derived from such land10
by—
(i)agriculture10
; or
(ii)the performance by a cultivator or receiver of rent-in-kind of
any process ordinarily employed by a cultivator or receiver
of rent-in-kind to render the produce raised or received by
him fit to be taken to market10
; or
(iii)the sale by a cultivator or receiver of rent-in-kind of the
produce raised or received by him, in respect of which no
process has been performed other than a process of the
nature described in paragraph (ii) of this sub-clause ;
(c)any income derived from any building owned and occupied by
the receiver of the rent or revenue of any such land, or occupied
by the cultivator or the receiver of rent-in-kind, of any land with
respect to which, or the produce of which, any process mentioned
in paragraphs (ii) and (iii) of sub-clause (b) is carried on :
9
[Provided that—
(i)the building is on or in the immediate vicinity of the land, and
is a building which the receiver of the rent or revenue or the
cultivator, or the receiver of rent-in-kind, by reason of his
connection with the land, requires as a dwelling house, or as
a store-house, or other out-building, and
(ii)the land is either assessed to land revenue in India or is
subject to a local rate assessed and collected by officers of the
Government as such or where the land is not so assessed to
land revenue or subject to a local rate, it is not situated—
(A)in any area which is comprised within the jurisdiction
of a municipality (whether known as a municipality,
municipal corporation, notified area committee, town
area committee, town committee or by any other name) S. 2(1A)I.T. ACT, 19611.24.Renumbered as clause (1A) by the Direct Tax Laws (Amendment) Act, 1987, w.e.f.
1-4-1989.
5.For relevant case laws, see Taxmann’s Master Guide to Income-tax Act.
6.See rules 7 and 8 for manner of computation of income which is partially agricultural and
partially from business. See also rules 7A & 7B.
7.The Finance Act, 1973 introduced for the first time a scheme of partially integrated
taxation of non-agricultural income with incomes derived from agriculture for the
purposes of determining the rate of income-tax that will apply to certain non-corporate
assessees. The scheme is since continued by the Annual Finance Acts. The provisions
applicable for the assessment year 2008-09 are contained in section 2(2)/2(13)(c) and Part
IV of the First Schedule to the Finance Act, 2008.
8.See also Circular No. 310, dated 29-7-1981 and Circular No. 5/2003, dated 22-5-2003. For
details, see Taxmann’s Master Guide to Income-tax Act.
9.Substituted by the Taxation Laws (Amendment) Act, 1970, w.r.e.f. 1-4-1962.
10.For meaning of the terms/expressions “rent”, “revenue”, “derived”, “revenue derived from
land”, “such land”, “agriculture” and “market”, see Taxmann’s Direct Taxes Manual, Vol. 3.

or a cantonment board and which has a population of
not less than ten thousand according to the last preced-
ing census of which the relevant figures have been
published before the first day of the previous year ; or
(B)in any area within such distance, not being more than
eight kilometres, from the local limits of any municipal-
ity or cantonment board referred to in item (A), as the
Central Government may, having regard to the extent
of, and scope for, urbanisation of that area and other
relevant considerations, specify in this behalf by notifi-
cation in the Official Gazette11
.] 12
[13
[Explanation 1.]—For the removal of doubts, it is hereby declared
that revenue derived from land shall not include and shall be deemed
never to have included any income arising from the transfer of any
land referred to in item (a) or item (b) of sub-clause (iii) of clause (14)
of this section.] 14
[Explanation 2.—For the removal of doubts, it is hereby declared
that income derived from any building or land referred to in sub-
clause (c) arising from the use of such building or land for any purpose
(including letting for residential purpose or for the purpose of any
business or profession) other than agriculture falling under sub-
clause (a) or sub-clause (b) shall not be agricultural income;]The following Explanation 3 shall be inserted after Explanation 2
in clause (1A) of section 2 by the Finance Act, 2008, w.e.f. 1-4-2009:
Explanation 3.—For the purposes of this clause, any income derived
from saplings or seedlings grown in a nursery shall be deemed to beagricultural income;
15
[16
[(1B)]“amalgamation”, in relation to companies, means the merger of one
or more companies with another company or the merger of two or
more companies to form one company (the company or companies
which so merge being referred to as the amalgamating company or
companies and the company with which they merge or which is
formed as a result of the merger, as the amalgamated company) in
such a manner that—
(i)all the property of the amalgamating company or companies
immediately before the amalgamation becomes the property of
the amalgamated company by virtue of the amalgamation ;
(ii)all the liabilities of the amalgamating company or companies
immediately before the amalgamation become the liabilities of
the amalgamated company by virtue of the amalgamation ; 1.3CH. I – PRELIMINARYS. 2(1B)11.For specified urban areas, refer Taxmann’s Direct Taxes Circulars.
12.Inserted by the Finance Act, 1989, w.r.e.f. 1-4-1970.
13.Explanation renumbered as Explanation 1 by the Finance Act, 2000, w.e.f. 1-4-2001.
14.Inserted, ibid.
15.Inserted by the Finance (No. 2) Act, 1967, w.e.f. 1-4-1967.
16.Renumbered as clause (1B) by the Direct Tax Laws (Amendment) Act, 1987, w.e.f.
1-4-1989.

(iii)shareholders holding not less than 17
[three-fourths] in value of the
shares in the amalgamating company or companies (other than
shares already held therein immediately before the amalga-
mation by, or by a nominee for, the amalgamated company or its
subsidiary) become shareholders of the amalgamated company
by virtue of the amalgamation,
otherwise than as a result of the acquisition of the property of one
company by another company pursuant to the purchase of such
property by the other company or as a result of the distribution of
such property to the other company after the winding up of the first-
mentioned company ;] 18
[(1C)“Additional Commissioner” means a person appointed to be an Addi-
tional Commissioner of Income-tax under sub-section (1) of section
117;
(1D)“Additional Director” means a person appointed to be an Additional
Director of Income-tax under sub-section (1) of section 117 ;] (2)“annual value”, in relation to any property, means its annual value as
determined under section 23 ;
(3)19
[* * *] (4)“Appellate Tribunal” means the Appellate Tribunal constituted under
section 252 ;
(5)“approved gratuity fund” means a gratuity fund which has been and
continues to be approved by the 20
[Chief Commissioner or Commis-
sioner] in accordance with the rules contained in Part C of the Fourth
Schedule ;
(6)“approved superannuation fund” means a superannuation fund or
any part of a superannuation fund which has been and continues to
be approved by the 20
[Chief Commissioner or Commissioner] in
accordance with the rules contained in Part B of the Fourth Sche-
dule;
21
(7)“assessee”22
means a person by whom 23
[any tax] or any other sum of
money is payable under this Act, and includes—
(a)every person in respect of whom any proceeding under this Act
has been taken for the assessment of his income 24
[or assessment
of fringe benefits] or of the income of any other person in respect
of which he is assessable, or of the loss sustained by him or by
such other person, or of the amount of refund due to him or to
such other person ; S. 2(7)I.T. ACT, 19611.417.Substituted for “nine-tenths” by the Finance Act, 1999, w.e.f. 1-4-2000.
18.Clauses (1C) and (1D) inserted by the Finance Act, 2007, w.r.e.f. 1-6-1994.
19.Clause (3) omitted by the Direct Tax Laws (Amendment) Act, 1987, w.e.f. 1-4-1988.
20.Substituted for “Commissioner”, ibid.
21.For relevant case laws, see Taxmann’s Master Guide to Income-tax Act.
22.For meaning of the term “assessee”, see Taxmann’s Direct Taxes Manual, Vol. 3.
23.Substituted for “income-tax or super-tax” by the Finance Act, 1965, w.e.f. 1-4-1965.
24.Inserted by the Finance Act, 2005, w.e.f. 1-4-2006.

(b)every person who is deemed to be an assessee under any provi-
sion of this Act ;
(c)every person who is deemed to be an assessee in default under
any provision of this Act ;
25
[(7A)“Assessing Officer” means the Assistant Commissioner 26
[or Deputy
Commissioner] 27
[or Assistant Director] 26
[or Deputy Director] or the
Income-tax Officer who is vested with the relevant jurisdiction by
virtue of directions or orders issued under sub-section (1) or sub-
section (2) of section 120 or any other provision of this Act, and the
28
[Additional Commissioner or] 29
[Additional Director or] 30
[Joint
Commissioner or Joint Director] who is directed under clause (b) of
sub-section (4) of that section to exercise or perform all or any of the
powers and functions conferred on, or assigned to, an Assessing
Officer under this Act ;] (8)“assessment”31
includes reassessment ;
(9)“assessment year” means the period of twelve months commencing
on the 1st day of April every year ;
32
[(9A)“Assistant Commissioner” means a person appointed to be an Assistant
Commissioner of Income-tax 33
[or a Deputy Commissioner of
Income-tax] under sub-section (1) of section 117 ;] 34
[(9B)“Assistant Director” means a person appointed to be an Assistant
Director of Income-tax under sub-section (1) of section 117;] (10)“average rate of income-tax” means the rate arrived at by dividing the
amount of income-tax calculated on the total income, by such total
income ;
35
[(11)“block of assets” means a group of assets falling within a class of assets
comprising—
(a)tangible assets, being buildings, machinery, plant or furniture; 1.5CH. I – PRELIMINARYS. 2(11)25.Inserted by the Direct Tax Laws (Amendment) Act, 1987, w.e.f. 1-4-1988.
26.Inserted by the Finance (No. 2) Act, 1998, w.e.f. 1-10-1998.
27.Inserted by the Finance (No. 2) Act, 1996, w.e.f. 1-10-1996.
28.Inserted by the Finance Act, 2007, w.r.e.f. 1-6-1994.
29.Inserted, ibid., w.r.e.f. 1-10-1996.
30.Substituted for “Deputy Commissioner or Deputy Director” by the Finance (No. 2) Act,
1998, w.e.f. 1-10-1998. Earlier “or Deputy Director” was inserted by the Finance (No. 2) Act,
1996, w.e.f. 1-10-1996.
31.For the meaning of the term “assessment”, see Taxmann’s Direct Taxes Manual, Vol. 3.
32.Inserted by the Direct Tax Laws (Amendment) Act, 1987, w.e.f. 1-4-1988.
33.Inserted by the Finance (No. 2) Act, 1998, w.e.f. 1-10-1998.
34.Inserted by the Finance Act, 2007, w.r.e.f. 1-4-1988.
35.Substituted by the Finance (No. 2) Act, 1998, w.e.f. 1-4-1999. Prior to its substitution, clause
(11), as inserted by the Taxation Laws (Amendment & Miscellaneous Provisions) Act, 1986,
w.e.f. 1-4-1988, read as under :
‘(11)“block of assets” means a group of assets falling within a class of assets, being
buildings, machinery, plant or furniture, in respect of which the same percentage
of depreciation is prescribed ;’
Original clause was earlier omitted by the Finance Act, 1965, w.e.f. 1-4-1965.

(b)intangible assets, being know-how, patents, copyrights, trade-
marks, licences, franchises or any other business or commercial
rights of similar nature,
in respect of which the same percentage of depreciation is pre-
scribed ;] (12)“Board” means the 36
[Central Board of Direct Taxes constituted
under the Central Boards of Revenue Act, 1963 (54 of 1963)] ;
37
[(12A)“books or books of account” includes ledgers, day-books, cash books,
account-books and other books, whether kept in the written form or
as print-outs of data stored in a floppy, disc, tape or any other form of
electro-magnetic data storage device;] 38
(13)“business”39
includes any trade39
, commerce or manufacture or any
adventure39
or concern in the nature of trade39
, commerce or manu-
facture ;
40
(14)“capital asset” means property41
of any kind held by an assessee,
whether or not connected with his business or profession, but does
not include—
(i)any stock-in-trade, consumable stores or raw materials held for
the purposes of his business or profession ;
42
[(ii)personal effects43
, that is to say, movable property (including
wearing apparel and furniture) held for personal use43
by the
assessee or any member of his family dependent on him, but
excludes—
(a)jewellery;
(b)archaeological collections; S. 2(14)I.T. ACT, 19611.636.Substituted for “Central Board of Revenue constituted under the Central Board of
Revenue Act, 1924 (4 of 1924)” by the Central Boards of Revenue Act, 1963, w.e.f. 1-1-1964.
37.Inserted by the Finance Act, 2001, w.e.f. 1-6-2001.
38.For relevant case laws, see Taxmann’s Master Guide to Income-tax Act.
39.For the meaning of the terms/expressions “business”, “trade”, “adventure” and “in the
nature of trade”, see Taxmann’s Direct Taxes Manual, Vol. 3.
40.For relevant case laws, see Taxmann’s Master Guide to Income-tax Act.
41.For the meaning of the term “property”, see Taxmann’s Direct Taxes Manual, Vol. 3.
42.Substituted by the Finance Act, 2007, w.e.f. 1-4-2008. Prior to its substitution, sub-clause
(ii), as substituted by the Finance Act, 1972, w.e.f. 1-4-1973, read as under :
“(ii)personal effects, that is to say, movable property (including wearing apparel and
furniture, but excluding jewellery) held for personal use by the assessee or any
member of his family dependent on him.
Explanation.—For the purposes of this sub-clause, “jewellery” includes—
(a)ornaments made of gold, silver, platinum or any other precious metal or any
alloy containing one or more of such precious metals, whether or not
containing any precious or semi-precious stone, and whether or not worked
or sewn into any wearing apparel ;
(b)precious or semi-precious stones, whether or not set in any furniture, utensil
or other article or worked or sewn into any wearing apparel ;”
43.For the meaning of the expressions “personal effects” and “personal use”, see Taxmann’s
Direct Taxes Manual, Vol. 3.

(c)drawings;
(d)paintings;
(e)sculptures; or
(f)any work of art.
Explanation.—For the purposes of this sub-clause, “jewellery”
includes—
(a)ornaments made of gold, silver, platinum or any other
precious metal or any alloy containing one or more of such
precious metals, whether or not containing any precious or
semi-precious stone, and whether or not worked or sewn into
any wearing apparel;
(b)precious or semi-precious stones, whether or not set in any
furniture, utensil or other article or worked or sewn into any
wearing apparel;] 44
[(iii)agricultural land45
in India, not being land situate—
(a)in any area which is comprised within the jurisdiction of a
municipality45
(whether known as a municipality, municipal
corporation, notified area committee, town area committee,
town committee, or by any other name) or a cantonment
board and which has a population45
of not less than ten
thousand according to the last preceding census of which the
relevant figures have been published before the first day of
the previous year ; or
(b)in any area within such distance, not being more than eight
kilometres, from the local limits of any municipality or
cantonment board referred to in item (a), as the Central
Government may, having regard to the extent of, and scope
for, urbanisation of that area and other relevant consider-
ations, specify in this behalf by notification in the Official
Gazette46
;] 47
[(iv)6½ per cent Gold Bonds, 1977,48
[or 7 per cent Gold Bonds, 1980,] 49
[or National Defence Gold Bonds, 1980,] issued by the Central
Government ;] 50
[(v)Special Bearer Bonds, 1991, issued by the Central Government ;] 1.7CH. I – PRELIMINARYS. 2(14)44.Substituted for “(iii) agricultural land in India” by the Finance Act, 1970, w.e.f. 1-4-1970.
45.For the meaning of the terms/expressions “agricultural land”, “municipality” and “popu-
lation”, see Taxmann’s Direct Taxes Manual, Vol. 3.
46.For specified urban areas, refer Taxmann’s Direct Taxes Circulars.
47.Inserted by the Taxation Laws (Amendment) Act, 1962, w.e.f. 13-12-1962.
48.Inserted by the Finance (No. 2) Act, 1965, w.e.f. 1-4-1965.
49.Inserted by the Taxation Laws (Amendment & Miscellaneous Provisions) Act, 1965, w.e.f.
4-12-1965.
50.Inserted by the Special Bearer Bonds (Immunities and Exemptions) Act, 1981, w.e.f.
12-1-1981.

51
[(vi)Gold Deposit Bonds issued under the Gold Deposit Scheme, 1999
notified by the Central Government ;] 52
(15)53
“charitable purpose”54
includes relief of the poor, education54
,
medical relief, and the advancement of any other 54
object of general
public utility 55
[* * *] ;The following clause (15) shall be substituted for clause (15) of
section 2 by the Finance Act, 2008, w.e.f. 1-4-2009 :
(15)“charitable purpose” includes relief of the poor, education, medical
relief, and the advancement of any other object of general public
utility:
Provided that the advancement of any other object of general public
utility shall not be a charitable purpose, if it involves the carrying on
of any activity in the nature of trade, commerce or business, or any
activity of rendering any service in relation to any trade, commerce or
business, for a cess or fee or any other consideration, irrespective of the
nature of use or application, or retention, of the income from suchactivity;
56
[(15A)“Chief Commissioner” means a person appointed to be a Chief
Commissioner of Income-tax under sub-section (1) of section 117 ;] 57
[58
[(15B)]“child”, in relation to an individual, includes a step-child and an
adopted child of that individual ;] 59
[(16)“Commissioner” means a person appointed to be a Commissioner of
Income-tax under sub-section (1) of section 117 60
[* * *] ;] 61
[(16A)“Commissioner (Appeals)” means a person appointed to be a Commis-
sioner of Income-tax (Appeals) under sub-section (1) of section 117 ;] 62
[(17)“company” means—
(i)any Indian company, or
(ii)any body corporate incorporated by or under the laws of a
country outside India, or
(iii)any institution, association or body which is or was assessable or
was assessed as a company for any assessment year under the S. 2(17)I.T. ACT, 19611.851.Inserted by the Finance Act, 1999, w.e.f. 1-4-2000.
52.See also Circular No. 395, dated 24-9-1984. For details, see Taxmann’s Master Guide to
Income-tax Act.
53.For relevant case laws, see Taxmann’s Master Guide to Income-tax Act.
54.For the meaning of terms/expression “charitable purpose”, “education” and “object of
general public utility”, see Taxmann’s Direct Taxes Manual, Vol. 3.
55.“not involving the carrying on of any activity for profit” omitted by the Finance Act, 1983,
w.e.f. 1-4-1984.
56.Inserted by the Direct Tax Laws (Amendment) Act, 1987, w.e.f. 1-4-1988.
57.Inserted by the Taxation Laws (Amendment) Act, 1975, w.e.f. 1-4-1976.
58.Renumbered by the Direct Tax Laws (Amendment) Act, 1987, w.e.f. 1-4-1988.
59.Substituted by the Finance Act, 1970, w.e.f. 1-4-1970.
60.Words “, and includes a person appointed to be an Additional Commissioner of Income-
tax under that sub-section” omitted by the Direct Tax Laws (Amendment) Act, 1987, w.e.f.
1-4-1988.
61.Inserted by the Finance (No. 2) Act, 1977, w.e.f. 10-7-1978.
62.Substituted by the Finance (No. 2) Act, 1971, w.e.f. 1-4-1971.

Indian Income-tax Act, 1922 (11 of 1922), or which is or was
assessable or was assessed under this Act as a company for any
assessment year commencing on or before the 1st day of April,
1970, or
(iv)any institution, association or body, whether incorporated or not
and whether Indian or non-Indian, which is declared by general
or special order of the Board to be a company :
Provided that such institution, association or body shall be deemed
to be a company only for such assessment year or assessment
years (whether commencing before the 1st day of April, 1971, or
on or after that date) as may be specified in the declaration ;] (18)“company in which the public are substantially interested”—a com-
pany is said to be a company in which the public63
are substantially
interested—
64
[(a)if it is a company owned by the Government or the Reserve Bank
of India or in which not less than forty per cent of the shares are
held (whether singly or taken together) by the Government or the
Reserve Bank of India or a corporation owned by that bank ; or] 65
[(aa)if it is a company which is registered under section 25 of the
Companies Act, 1956 (1 of 1956)66
; or
(ab)if it is a company having no share capital and if, having regard to
its objects, the nature and composition of its membership and
other relevant considerations, it is declared by order of the Board
to be a company in which the public are substantially interested :
Provided that such company shall be deemed to be a company in
which the public are substantially interested only for such assess-
ment year or assessment years (whether commencing before the
1st day of April, 1971, or on or after that date) as may be specified
in the declaration ; or] 67
[(ac)if it is a mutual benefit finance company, that is to say, a company
which carries on, as its principal business, the business of
acceptance of deposits from its members and which is declared
by the Central Government under section 620A68
of the Com-
panies Act, 1956 (1 of 1956), to be a Nidhi or Mutual Benefit
Society ; or] 69
[(ad)if it is a company, wherein shares (not being shares entitled to a
fixed rate of dividend whether with or without a further right
to participate in profits) carrying not less than fifty per cent of
the voting power have been allotted unconditionally to, or 1.9CH. I – PRELIMINARYS. 2(18)63.For the meaning of the term “public”, see Taxmann’s Direct Taxes Manual, Vol. 3.
64.Substituted by the Finance Act, 1964, w.e.f. 1-4-1964.
65.Inserted by the Finance (No. 2) Act, 1971, w.e.f. 1-4-1971.
66.For text of section 25 of the Companies Act, 1956, see Appendix.
67.Inserted by the Finance Act, 1985, w.r.e.f. 1-4-1984.
68.For text of section 620A of the Companies Act, 1956, and notified Nidhi(s) thereunder, see
Appendix.
69.Inserted by the Finance Act, 1992, w.e.f. 1-4-1993.

acquired unconditionally by, and were throughout the relevant
previous year beneficially held by, one or more co-operative
societies ;] 70
[(b)if it is a company which is not a 71
private company as defined in
the Companies Act, 1956 (1 of 1956), and the conditions specified
either in item (A) or in item (B) are fulfilled, namely :—
(A)shares in the company (not being shares entitled to a
fixed rate of dividend whether with or without a further
right to participate in profits) were, as on the last day of the
relevant previous year, listed in a recognised stock exchange
in India in accordance with the Securities Contracts
(Regulation) Act, 1956 (42 of 1956), and any rules made
thereunder ;
72
[(B)shares in the company (not being shares entitled to a
fixed rate of dividend whether with or without a further
right to participate in profits) carrying not less than fifty
per cent of the voting power have been allotted uncondi-
tionally to, or acquired unconditionally by, and were
throughout the relevant previous year beneficially held
by—
(a)the Government, or
(b)a corporation established by a Central, State or Pro-
vincial Act, or
(c)any company to which this clause applies or any
subsidiary company of such company 73
[if the whole of
the share capital of such subsidiary company has been
held by the parent company or by its nominees through-
out the previous year.] Explanation.—In its application to an Indian company whose
business consists mainly in the construction of ships or in the
manufacture or processing of goods or in mining or in the
generation or distribution of electricity or any other form of
power, item (B) shall have effect as if for the words “not less
than fifty per cent”, the words “not less than forty per cent”
had been substituted ;]] (19)“co-operative society” means a co-operative society registered under
the Co-operative Societies Act, 1912 (2 of 1912), or under any other
law for the time being in force in any State for the registration of co-
operative societies ; S. 2(19)I.T. ACT, 19611.1070.Substituted by the Finance Act, 1969, w.e.f. 1-4-1970. Earlier, clause (b) was amended first
by the Finance Act, 1965, w.e.f. 1-4-1965 and then by the Finance Act, 1966, w.e.f. 1-4-1966.
71.Clause (iii) of section 3(1) of the Companies Act, 1956, defines “private company”. For text
of section 3, see Appendix.
72.Substituted by the Finance Act, 1983, w.e.f. 2-4-1983.
73.Substituted for “where such subsidiary company fulfils the conditions laid down in clause
(b) of section 108” by the Finance Act, 1987, w.e.f. 1-4-1988.

74
[(19A)“Deputy Commissioner” means a person appointed to be a Deputy
Commissioner of Income-tax 75
[* * *] under sub-section (1) of section
117 ;
76
[(19AA)“demerger”, in relation to companies, means the transfer, pursuant to
a scheme of arrangement under sections 391 to 39477
of the Compa-
nies Act, 1956 (1 of 1956), by a demerged company of its one or more
undertakings to any resulting company in such a manner that—
(i)all the property of the undertaking, being transferred by the
demerged company, immediately before the demerger, becomes
the property of the resulting company by virtue of the demerger;
(ii)all the liabilities relatable to the undertaking, being transferred by
the demerged company, immediately before the demerger,
become the liabilities of the resulting company by virtue of the
demerger;
(iii)the property and the liabilities of the undertaking or undertakings
being transferred by the demerged company are transferred at
values appearing in its books of account immediately before the
demerger;
(iv)the resulting company issues, in consideration of the demerger,
its shares to the shareholders of the demerged company on a
proportionate basis;
(v)the shareholders holding not less than three-fourths in value of
the shares in the demerged company (other than shares already
held therein immediately before the demerger, or by a nominee
for, the resulting company or, its subsidiary) become share-
holders of the resulting company or companies by virtue of the
demerger,
otherwise than as a result of the acquisition of the property or
assets of the demerged company or any undertaking thereof by
the resulting company;
(vi)the transfer of the undertaking is on a going concern basis;
(vii)the demerger is in accordance with the conditions, if any, notified
under sub-section (5) of section 72A by the Central Government
in this behalf.
Explanation 1.—For the purposes of this clause, “undertaking” shall
include any part of an undertaking, or a unit or division of an
undertaking or a business activity taken as a whole, but does not
include individual assets or liabilities or any combination thereof not
constituting a business activity. 1.11CH. I – PRELIMINARYS. 2(19AA)74.Inserted by the Direct Tax Laws (Amendment) Act, 1987, w.e.f. 1-4-1988.
75.Words “or an Additional Commissioner of Income-tax” omitted by the Finance (No. 2) Act,
1998, w.e.f. 1-10-1998.  Earlier the quoted words were inserted by the Finance Act, 1994,
w.e.f. 1-6-1994.
76.Clauses (19AA) and (19AAA) inserted by the Finance Act, 1999, w.e.f. 1-4-2000.
77.For text of sections 391 to 394 of the Companies Act, 1956, see Appendix.

Explanation 2.—For the purposes of this clause, the liabilities referred
to in sub-clause (ii), shall include—
(a)the liabilities which arise out of the activities or operations of the
undertaking;
(b)the specific loans or borrowings (including debentures) raised,
incurred and utilised solely for the activities or operations of the
undertaking; and
(c)in cases, other than those referred to in clause (a) or clause (b), so
much of the amounts of general or multipurpose borrowings, if
any, of the demerged company as stand in the same proportion
which the value of the assets transferred in a demerger bears to
the total value of the assets of such demerged company immedi-
ately before the demerger.
Explanation 3.—For determining the value of the property referred to
in sub-clause (iii), any change in the value of assets consequent to
their revaluation shall be ignored.
Explanation 4.—For the purposes of this clause, the splitting up or the
reconstruction of any authority or a body constituted or established
under a Central, State or Provincial Act, or a local authority or a public
sector company, into separate authorities or bodies or local authori-
ties or companies, as the case may be, shall be deemed to be a
demerger if such split up or reconstruction fulfils 78
[such conditions
as may be notified in the Official Gazette79
, by the CentralGovernment];
(19AAA)“demerged company” means the company whose undertaking is
transferred, pursuant to a demerger, to a resulting company;] (19B)“Deputy Commissioner (Appeals)” means a person appointed to be a
Deputy Commissioner of Income-tax (Appeals) 80
[or an Additional
Commissioner of Income-tax (Appeals)] under sub-section (1) of
section 117 ;] 81
[(19C)“Deputy Director” means a person appointed to be a Deputy Director
of Income-tax 82
[* * *] under sub-section (1) of section 117 ;] (20)83
“director”, “manager” and “managing agent”, in relation to a com-
pany, have the meanings respectively assigned to them in the Compa-
nies Act, 1956 (1 of 1956) ; S. 2(20)I.T. ACT, 19611.1278.Substituted for “the conditions specified in sub-clauses (i) to (vii) of this clause, to the
extent applicable” by the Finance Act, 2000, w.e.f. 1-4-2000.
79.For notified conditions, see Taxmann’s Master Guide to Income-tax Act.
80.Inserted by the Finance Act, 1994, w.e.f. 1-6-1994.
81.Inserted, ibid.
82.Words “or an Additional Director of Income-tax” omitted by the Finance (No. 2) Act, 1998,
w.e.f. 1-10-1998.
83.Clauses (13), (24) and (25) of section 2 of the Companies Act, 1956, define expressions
“director”, “manager” and “managing agent”, respectively. For text of provisions, see
Appendix.

84
[(21)“Director General or Director” means a person appointed to be a
Director General of Income-tax or, as the case may be, a Director of
Income-tax, under sub-section (1) of section 117, and includes a
person appointed under that sub-section to be 85
[an Additional
Director of Income-tax or] a 86
[Joint] Director of Income-tax or an
Assistant Director 87
[or Deputy Director] of Income-tax ;] (22)88
“dividend”89
includes—
(a)any distribution89
by a company of accumulated profits89
, whether
capitalised or not, if such distribution entails the release by the
company to its shareholders of all or any part of the assets of the
company ;
(b)any distribution89
to its shareholders by a company of debentures,
debenture-stock, or deposit certificates in any form, whether
with or without interest, and any distribution to its preference
shareholders of shares by way of bonus, to the extent to which the
company possesses accumulated profits89
, whether capitalised or
not ;
(c)any distribution89
made to the shareholders of a company on its
liquidation, to the extent to which the distribution is attributable
to the accumulated profits of the company immediately before its
liquidation, whether capitalised or not ;
(d)any distribution89
to its shareholders by a company on the reduc-
tion of its capital, to the extent to which the company possesses
accumulated profits89
which arose after the end of the previous
year ending next before the 1st day of April, 1933, whether such
accumulated profits have been capitalised or not ;
(e)any payment by a company, not being a company in which the
public are substantially interested, of any sum (whether as repre-
senting a part of the assets of the company or otherwise)
90
[made after the 31st day of May, 1987, by way of advance or loan
to a shareholder91
, being a person who is the beneficial owner of
shares (not being shares entitled to a fixed rate of dividend
whether with or without a right to participate in profits) holding
not less than ten per cent of the voting power, or to any concern 1.13CH. I – PRELIMINARYS. 2(22)84.Substituted by the Direct Tax Laws (Amendment) Act, 1987, w.e.f. 1-4-1988.
85.Inserted by the Finance Act, 1994, w.e.f. 1-6-1994.
86.Substituted for “Deputy” by the Finance (No. 2) Act, 1998, w.e.f. 1-10-1998.
87.Inserted, ibid.
88.For relevant case laws, see Taxmann’s Master Guide to Income-tax Act.
89.For the meaning of the terms “dividend”, “distribution” and “profits”, see Taxmann’s
Direct Taxes Manual, Vol. 3.
90.Substituted for “by way of advance or loan to a shareholder, being a person who has a
substantial interest in the company,” by the Finance Act, 1987, w.e.f. 1-4-1988.
91.For the meaning of the term “shareholder”, see Taxmann’s Direct Taxes Manual, Vol. 3.

in which such shareholder is a member or a partner and in which
he has a substantial interest (hereafter in this clause referred to
as the said concern)] or any payment by any such company on
behalf, or for the individual benefit, of any such shareholder, to
the extent to which the company in either case possesses accumu-
lated profits92
;
but “dividend” does not include—
(i)a distribution made in accordance with sub-clause (c) or sub-
clause (d) in respect of any share issued for full cash consider-
ation, where the holder of the share is not entitled in the event of
liquidation to participate in the surplus assets ;
93
[(ia)a distribution made in accordance with sub-clause (c) or sub-
clause (d) in so far as such distribution is attributable to the
capitalised profits of the company representing bonus shares
allotted to its equity shareholders after the 31st day of March,
1964, 94
[and before the 1st day of April, 1965] ;] (ii)any advance or loan made to a shareholder 95
[or the said concern] by a company in the ordinary course of its business, where the
lending of money is a substantial part of the business of the
company ;
(iii)any dividend paid by a company which is set off by the company
against the whole or any part of any sum previously paid by it and
treated as a dividend within the meaning of sub-clause (e), to the
extent to which it is so set off;
96
[(iv)any payment made by a company on purchase of its own shares
from a shareholder in accordance with the provisions of section
77A 97
of the Companies Act, 1956 (1 of 1956);
(v)any distribution of shares pursuant to a demerger by the resulting
company to the shareholders of the demerged company (whether
or not there is a reduction of capital in the demerged company).] Explanation 1.—The expression “accumulated profits”, wherever it
occurs in this clause, shall not include capital gains arising before the
1st day of April, 1946, or after the 31st day of March, 1948, and before
the 1st day of April, 1956.
Explanation 2.—The expression “accumulated profits” in sub-clauses
(a), (b), (d) and (e), shall include all profits of the company up to the date
of distribution or payment referred to in those sub-clauses, and in
sub-clause (c) shall include all profits of the company up to the date92.For the meaning of the terms “profits” and “distribution”, see Taxmann’s Direct Taxes
Manual, Vol. 3.
93.Inserted by the Finance Act, 1965, w.e.f. 1-4-1965.
94.Inserted by the Finance Act, 1966, w.e.f. 1-4-1966.
95.Inserted by the Finance Act, 1987, w.e.f. 1-4-1988.
96.Inserted by the Finance Act, 1999, w.e.f. 1-4-2000.
97.For text of section 77A of the Companies Act, 1956, see Appendix. S. 2(22)I.T. ACT, 19611.14

of liquidation, 98
[but shall not, where the liquidation is consequent on
the compulsory acquisition of its undertaking by the Government or
a corporation owned or controlled by the Government under any law
for the time being in force, include any profits of the company prior
to three successive previous years immediately preceding the previ-
ous year in which such acquisition took place].
99
[Explanation 3.—For the purposes of this clause,—
(a)“concern” means a Hindu undivided family, or a firm or an
association of persons or a body of individuals or a company ;
(b)a person shall be deemed to have a substantial interest in a
concern, other than a company, if he is, at any time during the
previous year, beneficially entitled to not less than twenty per
cent of the income of such concern ;] 1
[(22A)“domestic company” means an Indian company, or any other com-
pany which, in respect of its income liable to tax under this Act, has
made the prescribed arrangements for the declaration and payment,
within India, of the dividends (including dividends on preference
shares) payable out of such income ;] 2
[(22AA)“document” includes an electronic record as defined in clause (t)3
of
sub-section (1) of section 2 of the Information Technology Act, 2000
(21 of 2000);] 4
[5
[(22B)]“fair market value”, in relation to a capital asset, means—
(i)the price that the capital asset would ordinarily fetch on sale in the
open market on the relevant date ; and
(ii)where the price referred to in sub-clause (i) is not ascertainable,
such price as may be determined in accordance with the rules
made under this Act ;] (23)6
“firm”, “partner” and “partnership” have the meanings respectively
assigned to them in the Indian Partnership Act, 1932 (9 of 1932) ; but
the expression “partner” shall also include any person who, being a
minor, has been admitted to the benefits of partnership ; 1.15CH. I – PRELIMINARYS. 2(23)98.Inserted by the Direct Taxes (Amendment) Act, 1964, w.r.e.f. 1-4-1962.
99.Inserted by the Finance Act, 1987, w.e.f. 1-4-1988.
1.Inserted by the Direct Tax Laws (Amendment) Act, 1987, w.e.f. 1-4-1989.
2.Inserted by the Finance Act, 2001, w.e.f. 1-6-2001.
3.For definition of “document” under section 2(1)(t) of the Information Technology Act,
2000, see Appendix.
4.Inserted by the Finance Act, 1964, w.e.f. 1-4-1964.
5.Renumbered as clause (22B) by the Direct Tax Laws (Amendment) Act, 1987, w.e.f.
1-4-1989.
6.Section 4 of the Indian Partnership Act, 1932, defines expressions “firm”, “partner” and
“partnership” as follows :
‘ “Partnership” is the relation between persons who have agreed to share the profits of a
business carried on by all or any of them acting for all.
Persons who have entered into partnership with one another are called individually
“partners” and collectively “a firm”, and the name under which their business is carried on
is called the “firm name”.’

7
[(23A)“foreign company” means a company which is not a domestic
company ;] 8
[(23B)“fringe benefits” means any fringe benefits referred to in section
115WB;] 9
(24)“income”10
includes10
—
(i)profits and gains10
;
(ii)dividend ;
11
[(iia)voluntary contributions received by a trust created wholly or
partly for charitable or religious purposes or by an institution
established wholly or partly for such purposes 12
[or by an associa-
tion or institution referred to in clause (21) or clause (23), or by a
fund or trust or institution referred to in sub-clause (iv) or sub-
clause (v) 13
[or by any university or other educational institution
referred to in sub-clause (iiiad) or sub-clause (vi) or by any
hospital or other institution referred to in sub-clause (iiiae) or sub-
clause (via)] of clause (23C) of section 10].
Explanation.—For the purposes of this sub-clause, “trust”
includes any other legal obligation ;] (iii)the value of any perquisite or profit in lieu of salary taxable under
clauses (2) and (3) of section 17 ;
14
[(iiia)any special allowance or benefit, other than perquisite included
under sub-clause (iii), specifically granted to the assessee to meet
expenses wholly, necessarily and exclusively for the perfor-
mance of the duties of an office or employment of profit ;
(iiib)any allowance granted to the assessee either to meet his personal
expenses at the place where the duties of his office or employ-
ment of profit are ordinarily performed by him or at a place
where he ordinarily resides or to compensate him for the in-
creased cost of living ;] S. 2(24)I.T. ACT, 19611.167.Inserted by the Direct Tax Laws (Amendment) Act, 1987, w.e.f. 1-4-1989.
8.Inserted by the Finance Act, 2005, w.e.f. 1-4-2006.
9.For relevant case laws, see Taxmann’s Master Guide to Income-tax Act.
10.For the meaning of the terms/expression “income”, “includes” and “profits and gains”, see
Taxmann’s Direct Taxes Manual, Vol. 3.
11.Inserted by the Finance Act, 1972, w.e.f. 1-4-1973.
12.Substituted for “or by a trust or institution of national importance referred to in clause
(d) of sub-section (1) of section 80F” by the Direct Tax Laws (Amendment) Act, 1989, w.e.f.
1-4-1989. Earlier, the said expression was substituted for “, not being contributions made
with a specific direction that they shall form part of the corpus of the trust or institution”
by the Direct Tax Laws (Amendment) Act, 1987, with effect from the same date.
13.Substituted for “or by any university or other educational institution referred to in sub-
clause (vi) or by any hospital or other institution referred to in sub-clause (via)” by the
Finance Act, 2006, w.e.f. 1-4-2007. Earlier the quoted words were inserted by the Finance
Act, 2006, w.r.e.f. 1-4-1999.
14.Inserted by the Direct Tax Laws (Amendment) Act, 1989, w.r.e.f. 1-4-1962.

(iv)the value of any benefit or perquisite15
, whether convertible into
money or not, obtained from a company either by a director or by
a person who has a substantial interest in the company, or by a
relative of the director or such person, and any sum paid by any
such company in respect of any obligation which, but for such
payment, would have been payable by the director or other
person aforesaid ;
16
[(iva)the value of any benefit or perquisite15
, whether convertible into
money or not, obtained by any representative assessee men-
tioned in clause (iii) or clause (iv) of sub-section (1) of section 160
or by any person on whose behalf or for whose benefit any
income is receivable by the representative assessee (such person
being hereafter in this sub-clause referred to as the “beneficiary”)
and any sum paid by the representative assessee in respect of any
obligation which, but for such payment, would have been payable
by the beneficiary ;] (v)any sum chargeable to income-tax under clauses (ii) and (iii) of
section 28 or section 41 or section 59 ;
17
[(va)any sum chargeable to income-tax under clause (iiia) of section
28 ;] 18
[(vb)any sum chargeable to income-tax under clause (iiib) of section
28 ;] 19
[(vc)any sum chargeable to income-tax under clause (iiic) of section
28 ;] 20
[(vd)]the value of any benefit or perquisite taxable under clause (iv) of
section 28 ;
21
[(ve)any sum chargeable to income-tax under clause (v) of section
28 ;] (vi)any capital gains chargeable under section 45 ;
(vii)the profits and gains of any business of insurance carried on by
a mutual insurance company or by a co-operative society, com-
puted in accordance with section 44 or any surplus taken to be
such profits and gains by virtue of provisions contained in the
First Schedule ; 1.17CH. I – PRELIMINARYS. 2(24)15.For the meaning of the expression “benefit or perquisite”, see Taxmann’s Direct Taxes
Manual, Vol. 3.
16.Inserted by the Finance (No. 2) Act, 1980, w.e.f. 1-4-1980.
17.Inserted by the Finance Act, 1990, w.r.e.f. 1-4-1962.
18.Inserted, ibid., w.r.e.f. 1-4-1967.
19.Inserted by the Finance Act, 1990, w.r.e.f. 1-4-1972.
20.Relettered by the Finance Act, 1990, w.r.e.f. 1-4-1962. Earlier the original sub-clause (va)
was inserted by the Finance Act, 1964, w.e.f. 1-4-1964.
21.Inserted by the Finance Act, 1992, w.e.f. 1-4-1993.

22
[(viia)the profits and gains of any business of banking (including
providing credit facilities) carried on by a co-operative society
with its members;] (viii)[Omitted by the Finance Act, 1988, w.e.f. 1-4-1988. Original sub-
clause (viii) was inserted by the Finance Act, 1964, w.e.f. 1-4-1964;] 23
[(ix)any winnings from lotteries24
, crossword puzzles, races including
horse races, card games and other games of any sort or from
gambling or betting of any form or nature whatsoever.] 25
[Explanation.—For the purposes of this sub-clause,—
(i)“lottery” includes winnings from prizes awarded to any per-
son by draw of lots or by chance or in any other manner
whatsoever, under any scheme or arrangement by whatever
name called;
(ii)“card game and other game of any sort” includes any game
show, an entertainment programme on television or electronic
mode, in which people compete to win prizes or any other
similar game ;] 26
[(x)any sum received by the assessee from his employees as
contributions to any provident fund or superannuation fund or
any fund set up under the provisions of the Employees’ State
Insurance Act, 1948 (34 of 1948), or any other fund for the welfare
of such employees ;] 27
[(xi)any sum received under a Keyman insurance policy including the
sum allocated by way of bonus on such policy.
Explanation.—For the purposes of this clause*, the expression
“Keyman insurance policy” shall have the meaning assigned to it
in the Explanation to clause (10D) of section 10 ;] 28
[(xii)any sum referred to in 29
[clause (va)] of section 28;] 30
[(xiii)any sum referred to in clause (v) of sub-section (2) of section 56;] 31
[(xiv)any sum referred to in clause (vi) of sub-section (2) of section 56;] (25)“Income-tax Officer” means a person appointed to be an Income-tax
Officer under 32
[* * *] section 117 ; S. 2(25)I.T. ACT, 19611.1822.Inserted by the Finance Act, 2006, w.e.f. 1-4-2007.
23.Inserted by the Finance Act, 1972, w.e.f. 1-4-1972.
24.For the meaning of the term “lotteries”, see Taxmann’s Direct Taxes Manual, Vol. 3.
25.Inserted by the Finance Act, 2001, w.e.f. 1-4-2002.
26.Inserted by the Finance Act, 1987, w.e.f. 1-4-1988.
27.Inserted by the Finance (No. 2) Act, 1996, w.e.f. 1-10-1996.
28.Inserted by the Finance Act, 2002, w.e.f. 1-4-2003.
29.Substituted for “clause (vii)” by the Finance Act, 2003, w.e.f. 1-4-2003.
30.Inserted by the Finance (No. 2) Act, 2004, w.e.f. 1-4-2005.
31.Inserted by the Finance Act, 2007, w.e.f. 1-4-2007.
32.Words “sub-section (1) of” omitted by the Direct Tax Laws (Amendment) Act, 1989, w.r.e.f.
1-4-1988. Earlier, that expression was inserted by the Direct Tax Laws (Amendment) Act,
1987, with effect from the same date.
*Should be read as “sub-clause”.

33
[(25A)“India” means the territory of India as referred to in article 1 of the
Constitution, its territorial waters, seabed and subsoil underlying
such waters, continental shelf, exclusive economic zone or any other
maritime zone as referred to in the Territorial Waters, Continental
Shelf, Exclusive Economic Zone and other Maritime Zones Act, 1976
(80 of 1976), and the air space above its territory and territorial
waters;] (26)“Indian company” means a company formed and registered under
the Companies Act, 1956 (1 of 1956), and includes—
(i)a company formed and registered under any law relating to
companies formerly in force in any part of India (other than the
State of Jammu and Kashmir 34
[and the Union territories
specified in sub-clause (iii) of this clause]) ;
35
[(ia)a corporation established by or under a Central, State or
Provincial Act ;
(ib)any institution, association or body which is declared by the
Board to be a company under clause (17) ;] (ii)in the case of the State of Jammu and Kashmir, a company
formed and registered under any law for the time being in force
in that State ;
36
[(iii)in the case of any of the Union territories of Dadra and Nagar
Haveli, Goa†, Daman and Diu, and Pondicherry, a company
formed and registered under any law for the time being in force
in that Union territory :] Provided that the 37
[registered or, as the case may be, principal office
of the company, corporation, institution, association or body] in all
cases is in India ;
38
[(26A)“infrastructure capital company” means such company which makes
investments by way of acquiring shares or providing long-term
finance to any enterprise or undertaking wholly engaged in the 1.19CH. I – PRELIMINARYS. 2(26A)33.Substituted by the Finance Act, 2007, w.r.e.f. 25-8-1976. Prior to its substitution, clause
(25A), as inserted by the Taxation Laws (Extension to Union Territories) Regulation, 1963,
w.e.f. 1-4-1963, read as under :
‘(25A)“India” shall be deemed to include the Union territories of Dadra and Nagar Haveli,
Goa, Daman and Diu, and Pondicherry,—
(a)as respects any period, for the purposes of section 6 ; and
(b)as respects any period included in the previous year, for the purposes of
making any assessment for the assessment year commencing on the 1st day
of April, 1963, or for any subsequent year ;’
34.Inserted by the Taxation Laws (Extension to Union Territories) Regulation, 1963, w.e.f.
1-4-1963.
35.Inserted by the Finance (No. 2) Act, 1971, w.e.f. 1-4-1971.
36.Inserted by the Taxation Laws (Extension to Union Territories) Regulation, 1963, w.e.f.
1-4-1963.
37.Substituted for “registered office of the company” by the Finance (No. 2) Act, 1971, w.e.f.
1-4-1971.
38.Clauses (26A) and (26B) inserted by the Finance Act, 2006, w.e.f. 1-4-2006.
†Now State of Goa.

business referred to in sub-section (4) of section 80-IA or sub-section
(1) of section 80-IAB or an undertaking developing and building a
housing project referred to in sub-section (10) of section 80-IB or a
project for constructing a hotel of not less than three-star category as
classified by the Central Government or a project for constructing a
hospital with at least one hundred beds for patients;
(26B)“infrastructure capital fund” means such fund operating under a trust
deed registered under the provisions of the Registration Act, 1908 (16
of 1908) established to raise monies by the trustees for investment by
way of acquiring shares or providing long-term finance to any
enterprise or undertaking wholly engaged in the business referred to
in sub-section (4) of section 80-IA or sub-section (1) of section 80-IAB
or an undertaking developing and building a housing project referred
to in sub-section (10) of section 80-IB or a project for constructing a
hotel of not less than three-star category as classified by the Central
Government or a project for constructing a hospital with at least one
hundred beds for patients;] (27)39
[* * *] (28)“Inspector of Income-tax” means a person appointed to be an
Inspector of Income-tax under sub-section 40
[(1)] of section 117 ;
41
[42
(28A)“interest” means interest payable in any manner in respect of any
moneys borrowed or debt incurred (including a deposit, claim or
other similar right or obligation) and includes any service fee or other
charge in respect of the moneys borrowed or debt incurred or in
respect of any credit facility which has not been utilised ;] 43
[(28B)“interest on securities” means,—
(i)interest on any security of the Central Government or a State
Government ;
(ii)interest on debentures or other securities for money issued by or
on behalf of a local authority or a company or a corporation
established by a Central, State or Provincial Act ;] 44
[(28BB)“insurer” means an insurer, being an Indian insurance company, as
defined under clause (7A) of section 245
of the Insurance Act, 1938 (4
of 1938), which has been granted a certificate of registration under
section 3 of that Act;] 46
[(28C)“Joint Commissioner” means a person appointed to be a Joint Com-
missioner of Income-tax or an Additional Commissioner of Income-
tax under sub-section (1) of section 117; S. 2(28C)I.T. ACT, 19611.2039.Omitted by the Direct Tax Laws (Amendment) Act, 1987, w.e.f. 1-4-1988.
40.Substituted for “(2)”, ibid.
41.Inserted by the Finance Act, 1976, w.e.f. 1-6-1976.
42.See also Letter F. No. 164/18/77-IT(A-I), dated 13-7-1978. For details, see Taxmann’s
Master Guide to Income-tax Act.
43.Inserted by the Finance Act, 1988, w.e.f. 1-4-1989.
44.Inserted by the Finance Act, 2001, w.e.f. 1-4-2002.
45.For text of section 2(7A) of the Insurance Act, see Appendix.
46.Inserted by the Finance (No. 2) Act, 1998, w.e.f. 1-10-1998.

(28D)“Joint Director” means a person appointed to be a Joint Director of
Income-tax or an Additional Director of Income-tax under sub-
section (1) of section 117;] (29)“legal representative” has the meaning assigned to it in clause (11) of
section 2 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 (5 of 1908)47
;
48
[(29A)“long-term capital asset” means a capital asset which is not a short-
term capital asset ;
(29B)“long-term capital gain” means capital gain arising from the transfer
of a long-term capital asset ;] 49
[(29C)“maximum marginal rate” means the rate of income-tax (including
surcharge on income-tax, if any) applicable in relation to the highest
slab of income in the case of an individual 50
[, association of persons
or, as the case may be, body of individuals] as specified in the Finance
Act of the relevant year ;] 51
[(29D)“National Tax Tribunal” means the National Tax Tribunal established
under section 3 of the National Tax Tribunal Act, 2005;] (30)“non-resident” means a person who is not a “resident” 52
[, and for the
purposes of sections 92, 93 53
[* * *] and 168, includes a person who is
not ordinarily resident within the meaning of clause (6) of section 6];
54
(31)“person” includes—
(i)an individual55
,
(ii)a Hindu undivided family55
,
(iii)a company,
(iv)a firm56
,
(v)an association of persons56
or a body of individuals56
, whether
incorporated or not,
(vi)a local authority, and
(vii)every artificial juridical person, not falling within any of the
preceding sub-clauses. 1.21CH. I – PRELIMINARYS. 2(31)47.Clause (11) of section 2 of the Code of Civil Procedure defines “legal representative” as
follows :
‘(11)“legal representative” means a person who in law represents the estate of a deceased
person, and includes any person who intermeddles with the estate of the deceased
and where a party sues or is sued in a representative character the person on whom
the estate devolves on the death of the party so suing or sued ;’
48.Inserted by the Finance Act, 1987, w.e.f. 1-4-1988.
49.Inserted by the Direct Tax Laws (Amendment) Act, 1987, w.e.f. 1-4-1989.
50.Inserted by the Finance (No. 2) Act, 1991, w.e.f. 1-4-1991.
51.Inserted by the National Tax Tribunal Act, 2005, with effect from a date yet to be notified.
52.Inserted by the Finance Act, 1999, w.e.f. 1-4-1999. Earlier these words were omitted by the
Finance (No. 2) Act, 1998, w.e.f. 1-4-1999.
53.“, 113” omitted by the Finance Act, 1965, w.e.f. 1-4-1965.
54.For relevant case laws, see Taxmann’s Master Guide to Income-tax Act.
55.For the meaning of the term/expression “individual” and “Hindu undivided family”, see
Taxmann’s Direct Taxes Manual, Vol. 3.
56.For the meaning of the term/expressions “firm”, “association of persons” and “body of
individuals”, see Taxmann’s Direct Taxes Manual, Vol. 3.

57
[Explanation.—For the purposes of this clause, an association of
persons or a body of individuals or a local authority or an artificial
juridical person shall be deemed to be a person, whether or not such
person or body or authority or juridical person was formed or esta-
blished or incorporated with the object of deriving income, profits or
gains;] (32)“person who has a substantial interest in the company”, in relation to
a company, means a person who is the beneficial owner of shares, not
being shares entitled to a fixed rate of dividend whether with or
without a right to participate in profits, carrying not less than twenty
per cent of the voting power ;
(33)“prescribed” means prescribed by rules made under this Act ;
(34)“previous year” means the previous year as defined in section 3 ;
58
(35)“principal officer”, used with reference to a local authority or a
company or any other public body or any association of persons or
any body of individuals, means—
(a)the secretary, treasurer, manager or agent of the authority,
company, association or body, or
(b)any person connected with the management or administration of
the local authority, company, association or body upon whom the
59
[Assessing] Officer has served a notice of his intention of treat-
ing him as the principal officer thereof ;
60
(36)“profession” includes vocation61
;
62
[(36A)“public sector company” means any corporation established by or
under any Central, State or Provincial Act or a Government com-
pany63
as defined in section 617 of the Companies Act, 1956
(1 of 1956) ;] (37)64
“public servant” has the same meaning as in section 21 of the Indian
Penal Code (45 of 1860) ;
65
[(37A)“rate or rates in force” or “rates in force”, in relation to an assessment
year or financial year, means— S. 2(37A)I.T. ACT, 19611.2257.Inserted by the Finance Act, 2002, w.e.f. 1-4-2002.
58.For relevant case laws, see Taxmann’s Master Guide to Income-tax Act.
59.Substituted for “Income-tax” by the Direct Tax Laws (Amendment) Act, 1987, w.e.f.
1-4-1988.
60.For relevant case laws, see Taxmann’s Master Guide to Income-tax Act.
61.For the meaning of the term “vocation”, see Taxmann’s Direct Taxes Manual, Vol. 3.
62.Inserted by the Finance Act, 1987, w.e.f. 1-4-1987.
63.Section 617 of the Companies Act, 1956, defines “Government company” as follows :
‘617. Definition of “Government company”.—For the purposes of this Act, Government
company means any company in which not less than fifty-one per cent of the paid-up share
capital is held by the Central Government, or by any State Government or Governments,
or partly by the Central Government and partly by one or more State Governments and
includes a company which is a subsidiary of a Government company as thus defined.’
64.Section 21 of the Indian Penal Code defines “public servant”. For text of section 21, see
Appendix.
65.Inserted by the Finance (No. 2) Act, 1967, w.e.f. 1-4-1967.

(i)for the purposes of calculating income-tax under the first proviso
to sub-section (5) of section 132, or computing the income-tax
chargeable under sub-section (4) of section 172 or sub-section (2)
of section 174 or section 175 or sub-section (2) of section 176 or
deducting income-tax under section 192 from income charge-
able under the head “Salaries” 66
[* * *] or 67
[computation of the
“advance tax” payable under Chapter XVII-C in a case not falling
under 68
[section 115A or section 115B 69
[or section 115BB 70
[or
section 115BBB] or section 115E] or] section 164 69
[or section
164A 71
[* * *]] 72
[or section 167B], the rate or rates of income-tax
specified in this behalf in the Finance Act of the relevant year, and
for the purposes of computation of the “advance tax” payable
under Chapter XVII-C 73
[in a case falling under section 115A or
section 115B 74
[or section 115BB 75
[or section 115BBB] or section
115E] or section 164 74
[or section 164A 76
[* * *]] 77
[or section 167B],
the rate or rates specified in section 115A or 78
[section 115B or
section 115BB 79
[or section 115BBB] or section 115E or section
164 or section 164A 76
[* * *] 77
[or section 167B], as the case may be,] or the rate or rates of income-tax specified in this behalf in the
Finance Act of the relevant year, whichever is applicable ;] (ii)for the purposes of deduction of tax under sections 193, 194, 194A
80
[, 194B] 81
[, 194BB] 82
[and 194D], the rate or rates of income-tax
specified in this behalf in the Finance Act of the relevant year ;] 1.23CH. I – PRELIMINARYS. 2(37A)66.“or sub-section (9) of section 80E from any payment referred to therein” omitted by the
Direct Tax Laws (Amendment) Act, 1987, w.e.f. 1-4-1989. Originally, the said expression
was inserted by the Finance Act, 1968, w.e.f. 1-4-1968.
67.Substituted for ‘computation of the “advance tax” payable under Chapter XVII-C, the rate
or rates of income-tax specified in this behalf in the Finance Act of the relevant year’ by
the Finance Act, 1970, w.e.f. 1-4-1971.
68.Inserted by the Finance Act, 1976, w.e.f. 1-6-1976.
69.Inserted by the Direct Tax Laws (Amendment) Act, 1987, w.e.f. 1-4-1988.
70.Inserted by the Finance Act, 2002, w.e.f. 1-4-2003.
71.“or section 167A” omitted by the Direct Tax Laws (Amendment) Act, 1989, w.e.f. 1-4-1989.
Earlier this expression was inserted by the Direct Tax Laws (Amendment) Act, 1987, w.e.f.
1-4-1988.
72.Inserted by the Direct Tax Laws (Amendment) Act, 1987, w.e.f. 1-4-1989.
73.Substituted for “in a case falling under section 164, the rate specified in that section” by
the Finance Act, 1976, w.e.f. 1-6-1976.
74.Inserted by the Direct Tax Laws (Amendment) Act, 1987, w.e.f. 1-4-1988.
75.Inserted by the Finance Act, 2002, w.e.f. 1-4-2003.
76.“or section 167A” omitted by the Direct Tax Laws (Amendment) Act, 1989, w.e.f. 1-4-1989.
Earlier this expression was inserted by the Direct Tax Laws (Amendment) Act, 1987, w.e.f.
1-4-1988.
77.Inserted by the Direct Tax Laws (Amendment) Act, 1987, w.e.f. 1-4-1989.
78.Substituted for “section 115B or, as the case may be, section 164” by the Direct Tax Laws
(Amendment) Act, 1987, w.e.f. 1-4-1988.
79.Inserted by the Finance Act, 2002, w.e.f. 1-4-2003.
80.Inserted by the Finance Act, 1972, w.e.f. 1-4-1972.
81.Inserted by the Finance Act, 1978, w.e.f. 1-4-1978.
82.Substituted for “, 194D and 195” by the Finance (No. 2) Act, 1991, w.e.f. 1-10-1991.

83
[(iii)for the purposes of deduction of tax under section 195, the rate
or rates of income-tax specified in this behalf in the Finance Act
of the relevant year or the rate or rates of income-tax specified in
84
[an agreement entered into by the Central Government under
section 90, or an agreement notified by the Central Government
under section 90A, whichever is applicable by virtue of the
provisions of section 90, or section 90A, as the case may be];
85
(38)“recognised provident fund” means a provident fund which has been
and continues to be recognised by the 86
[Chief Commissioner or
Commissioner] in accordance with the rules contained in Part A of the
Fourth Schedule, and includes a provident fund established under a
scheme framed under the Employees’ Provident Funds Act, 1952 (19
of 1952) ;
(39)87
[Omitted by the Finance Act, 1992, w.e.f. 1-4-1993;] (40)“regular assessment” means the assessment made under 88
[sub-
section (3) of] section 143 or section 144 ;
(41)“relative”, in relation to an individual, means the husband, wife,
brother or sister or any lineal ascendant or descendant of that
individual ;
89
[(41A)“resulting company” means one or more companies (including a
wholly owned subsidiary thereof) to which the undertaking of the
demerged company is transferred in a demerger and, the resulting
company in consideration of such transfer of undertaking, issues
shares to the shareholders of the demerged company and includes
any authority or body or local authority or public sector company or
a company established, constituted or formed as a result of demerger;] (42)“resident” means a person who is resident in India within the meaning
of section 6 ; S. 2(42)I.T. ACT, 19611.2483.Substituted by the Finance Act, 1992, w.e.f. 1-6-1992. Prior to its substitution, sub-clause
(iii) was inserted by the Finance (No. 2) Act, 1991, w.e.f. 1-10-1991.
84.Substituted for “an agreement entered into by the Central Government under section 90,
whichever is applicable by virtue of the provisions of section 90” by the Finance Act, 2006,
w.e.f. 1-6-2006.
85.See also Circular No. 153, dated 30-11-1974. For details, see Taxmann’s Master Guide to
Income-tax Act.
86.Substituted for “Commissioner” by the Direct Tax Laws (Amendment) Act, 1987, w.e.f.
1-4-1988.
87.Prior to omission, clause (39) was substituted by the Direct Tax Laws (Second Amend-
ment) Act, 1989, w.e.f. 1-4-1989. Earlier clause (39) was omitted by the Direct Tax Laws
(Amendment) Act, 1987, w.e.f. 1-4-1989 and was later reintroduced by the Direct Tax Laws
(Amendment) Act, 1989, w.e.f. 1-4-1989.
88.Inserted by the Finance Act, 1990, w.r.e.f. 1-4-1989.
89.Inserted by the Finance Act, 1999, w.e.f. 1-4-2000.

1.25CH. I – PRELIMINARYS. 2(42A)
90
[91
(42A)92
[“short-term capital asset” means a capital asset held by an assessee
for not more than 93
[thirty-six] months immediately preceding the
date of its transfer :] 94
[Provided that in the case of a share held in a company 95
[or any
other security listed in a recognised stock exchange in India or a unit
of the Unit Trust of India established under the Unit Trust of India Act,
1963 (52 of 1963) or a unit of a Mutual Fund specified under clause
(23D) of section 10] 96
[or a zero coupon bond], the provisions of this
clause shall have effect as if for the words “thirty-six months”, the
words “twelve months” had been substituted.] 97
[Explanation 1].—(i) In determining the period for which any capital
asset is held by the assessee—
(a)in the case of a share held in a company in liquidation, there shall
be excluded the period subsequent to the date on which the
company goes into liquidation ;
(b)in the case of a capital asset which becomes the property of the
assessee in the circumstances mentioned in 98
[sub-section (1)] of
section 49, there shall be included the period for which the asset
was held by the previous owner referred to in the said section ;
99
[(c)in the case of a capital asset being a share or shares in an Indian
company, which becomes the property of the assessee in
consideration of a transfer referred to in clause (vii) of section 47,
there shall be included the period for which the share or shares
in the amalgamating company were held by the assessee ;] 1
[(d)in the case of a capital asset, being a share or any other security
(hereafter in this clause referred to as the financial asset) sub-
scribed to by the assessee on the basis of his right to subscribe to
such financial asset or subscribed to by the person in whose
favour the assessee has renounced his right to subscribe to such
financial asset, the period shall be reckoned from the date of
allotment of such financial asset ;
(e)in the case of a capital asset, being the right to subscribe to any
financial asset, which is renounced in favour of any other person,
the period shall be reckoned from the date of the offer of such90.Inserted by the Finance (No. 2) Act, 1962, w.e.f. 1-4-1962.
91.See also Circular No. 415, dated 14-3-1985 and Circular No. 704, dated 28-4-1995. For
details and relevant case laws, see Taxmann’s Master Guide to Income-tax Act.
92.Substituted for the portion beginning with “short-term capital asset” and ending with
“preceding the date of its transfer ;” by the Finance Act, 1973, w.e.f. 1-4-1974. Earlier clause
(42A) was first amended by the Finance Act, 1966, w.e.f. 1-4-1966 and later by the Finance
Act, 1968, w.e.f. 1-4-1969.
93.Substituted for “sixty” by the Finance (No. 2) Act, 1977, w.e.f. 1-4-1978.
94.Inserted by the Finance Act, 1987, w.e.f. 1-4-1988.
95.Inserted by the Finance Act, 1994, w.e.f. 1-4-1995.
96.Inserted by the Finance Act, 2005, w.e.f. 1-4-2006.
97.Existing Explanation renumbered as Explanation 1 by the Finance Act, 1994, w.e.f.
1-4-1995.
98.Substituted for “clauses (i) to (iii)” by the Finance (No. 2) Act, 1967, w.e.f. 1-4-1967.
99.Inserted, ibid.
1.Inserted by the Finance Act, 1994, w.e.f. 1-4-1995.

right by the company or institution, as the case may be, making
such offer ;] 2
[(f)in the case of a capital asset, being a financial asset, allotted
without any payment and on the basis of holding of any other
financial asset, the period shall be reckoned from the date of the
allotment of such financial asset ;] 3
[(g)in the case of a capital asset, being a share or shares in an Indian
company, which becomes the property of the assessee in consi-
deration of a demerger, there shall be included the period for
which the share or shares held in the demerged company were
held by the assessee;] 4
[(h)in the case of a capital asset, being trading or clearing rights of a
recognised stock exchange in India acquired by a person pursu-
ant to demutualisation or corporatisation of the recognised stock
exchange in India as referred to in clause (xiii) of section 47, there
shall be included the period for which the person was a member
of the recognised stock exchange in India immediately prior to
such demutualisation or corporatisation;
(ha)in the case of a capital asset, being equity share or shares in a
company allotted pursuant to demutualisation or corporatisation
of a recognised stock exchange in India as referred to in clause
(xiii) of section 47, there shall be included the period for which the
person was a member of the recognised stock exchange in India
immediately prior to such demutualisation or corporatisation;] 5
[(hb)in the case of a capital asset, being any specified security or sweat
equity shares allotted or transferred, directly or indirectly, by the
employer free of cost or at concessional rate to his employees
(including former employee or employees), the period shall be
reckoned from the date of allotment or transfer of such specified
security or sweat equity shares;] (ii) In respect of capital assets other than those mentioned in
clause (i), the period for which any capital asset is held by the assessee
shall be determined subject to any rules which the Board may make
in this behalf.] 6
[Explanation 2.—For the purposes of this clause, the expression
“security”7
shall have the meaning assigned to it in clause (h) of section
2 of the Securities Contracts (Regulation) Act, 1956 (42 of 1956).] S. 2(42A)I.T. ACT, 19611.262.Inserted by the Finance Act, 1995, w.e.f. 1-4-1996.
3.Inserted by the Finance Act, 1999, w.e.f. 1-4-2000.
4.Inserted by the Finance Act, 2003, w.e.f. 1-4-2004.
5.Inserted by the Finance Act, 2007, w.e.f. 1-4-2008.
6.Inserted by the Finance Act, 1994, w.e.f. 1-4-1995.
7.Clause (h) of section 2 of the Securities Contracts (Regulation) Act, 1956, defines
“securities” as follows :
‘(h)“securities” include—
(i)shares, scrips, stocks, bonds, debentures, debenture stock or other market-
able securities of a like nature in or of any incorporated company or other
body corporate;
(Contd. on p. 1.27)

8
[Explanation 3.—For the purposes of this clause, the expressions
“specified security” and “sweat equity shares” shall have the meanings
respectively assigned to them in the Explanation to clause (d) of sub-
section (1) of section 115WB;] 9
[(42B)“short-term capital gain” means capital gain arising from the transfer
of a short-term capital asset ;] 10
[(42C)“slump sale” means the transfer of one or more undertakings as a
result of the sale for a lump sum consideration without values being
assigned to the individual assets and liabilities in such sales.
Explanation 1.—For the purposes of this clause, “undertaking” shall
have the meaning assigned to it in Explanation 1 to clause (19AA).
Explanation 2.—For the removal of doubts, it is hereby declared that
the determination of the value of an asset or liability for the sole
purpose of payment of stamp duty, registration fees or other similar
taxes or fees shall not be regarded as assignment of values to
individual assets or liabilities ;] 11
[(43)“tax” in relation to the assessment year commencing on the 1st day of
April, 1965, and any subsequent assessment year means income-tax
chargeable under the provisions of this Act, and in relation to any
other assessment year income-tax and super-tax chargeable under
the provisions of this Act prior to the aforesaid date 12
[and in relation
to the assessment year commencing on the 1st day of April, 2006, and
any subsequent assessment year includes the fringe benefit tax
payable under section 115WA] ;] 13
[(43A)“tax credit certificate” means a tax credit certificate granted to any
person in accordance with the provisions of Chapter XXII-B14
and any
scheme made thereunder ;] 1.27CH. I – PRELIMINARYS. 2(43A)(Contd. from p. 1.26)
(ia)derivative;
(ib)units or any other instrument issued by any collective investment scheme to
the investors in such schemes;
(ic)security receipt as defined in clause (zg) of section 2 of the Securitisation and
Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement of Security Interest
Act, 2002;
(id)units or any other such instrument issued to the investors under any mutual
fund scheme;
(ii)Government securities;
(iia)such other instruments as may be declared by the Central Government to be
securities; and
(iii)rights or interest in securities;’
8.Inserted by the Finance Act, 2007, w.e.f. 1-4-2008.
9.Inserted by the Finance Act, 1987, w.e.f. 1-4-1988.
10.Inserted by the Finance Act, 1999, w.e.f. 1-4-2000. Earlier clause (42C) was inserted by the
Direct Tax Laws (Second Amendment) Act, 1989, w.e.f. 1-4-1990 and later on omitted by
the Finance Act, 1990, w.e.f. 1-4-1990.
11.Substituted by the Finance Act, 1965, w.e.f. 1-4-1965.
12.Inserted by the Finance Act, 2005, w.e.f. 1-4-2006.
13.Inserted by the Finance Act, 1965, w.e.f. 1-4-1965.
14.Chapter XXII-B was omitted by the Finance Act, 1990, w.e.f. 1-4-1990.

(43B)15
[* * *] 16
[(44)“Tax Recovery Officer” means any Income-tax Officer who may be
authorised by the Chief Commissioner or Commissioner, by general
or special order in writing, to exercise the powers of a Tax Recovery
Officer 17
[and also to exercise or perform such powers and functions
which are conferred on, or assigned to, an Assessing Officer under this
Act and which may be prescribed];] (45)“total income” means the total amount of income referred to in
section 5, computed in the manner laid down in this Act ;
(46)18
[* * *] 19
(47)20
[“transfer”21
, in relation to a capital asset, includes,—
(i)the sale21
, exchange21
or relinquishment21
of the asset ; or
(ii)the extinguishment of any rights therein21
; or
(iii)the compulsory acquisition thereof under any law ; or
(iv)in a case where the asset is converted by the owner thereof into,
or is treated by him as, stock-in-trade of a business carried on by
him, such conversion or treatment ;] 22
[or] 23
[(iva)the maturity or redemption of a zero coupon bond; or] 24
[(v)any transaction involving the allowing of the possession of any
immovable property to be taken or retained in part performance
of a contract of the nature referred to in section 53A25
of the
Transfer of Property Act, 1882 (4 of 1882) ; or
(vi)any transaction (whether by way of becoming a member of, or
acquiring shares in, a co-operative society, company or other
association of persons or by way of any agreement or any
arrangement or in any other manner whatsoever) which has the
effect of transferring, or enabling the enjoyment of, any immov-
able property.
Explanation.—For the purposes of sub-clauses (v) and (vi),
“immovable property” shall have the same meaning as in clause (d) of
section 269UA;] S. 2(47)I.T. ACT, 19611.2815.Omitted by the Direct Tax Laws (Amendment) Act, 1987, w.e.f. 1-4-1989. Original clause
(43B) was inserted by the Finance (No. 2) Act, 1971, w.e.f. 1-1-1972.
16.Substituted by the Direct Tax Laws (Amendment) Act, 1987 [as amended by the Direct Tax
Laws (Amendment) Act, 1989], w.r.e.f. 1-4-1988. Prior to substitution clause (44) was
substituted by the Finance Act, 1963, w.r.e.f. 1-4-1962.
17.Inserted by the Taxation Laws (Amendment) Act, 2006, w.e.f. 13-7-2006.
18.Omitted by the Finance Act, 1965, w.e.f. 1-4-1965.
19.For relevant case laws, see Taxmann’s Master Guide to Income-tax Act. For Letter F. No.
34/11/65-IT(A-I), dated 15-1-1966, Circular No. 751, dated 10-2-1997 and Circular No.
2/2008, dated 22-2-2008, see Taxmann’s Master Guide to Income-tax Act.
20.Substituted by the Taxation Laws (Amendment) Act, 1984, w.e.f. 1-4-1985.
21.For the meaning of the terms/expression “transfer”, “sale”, “exchange”, “relinquishment”
and “extinguishment of any rights therein”, see Taxmann’s Direct Taxes Manual, Vol. 3.
22.Inserted by the Finance Act, 1987, w.e.f. 1-4-1988.
23.Inserted by the Finance Act, 2005, w.e.f. 1-4-2006.
24.Inserted by the Finance Act, 1987, w.e.f. 1-4-1988.
25.For text of section 53A of the Transfer of Property Act, 1882, see Appendix.

26
[(48)“zero coupon bond” means a bond—
(a)issued by any infrastructure capital company or infrastructure
capital fund or public sector company on or after the 1st day of
June, 2005;
(b)in respect of which no payment and benefit is received or
receivable before maturity or redemption from infrastructure
capital company or infrastructure capital fund or public sector
company; and
(c)which the Central Government may, by notification27
in the
Official Gazette, specify in this behalf.
28
[***]] 29
[“Previous year” defined.
3.For the purposes of this Act, “previous year” means the financial year imme-
diately preceding the assessment year :
Provided that, in the case of a business or profession newly set up, or a source
of income newly coming into existence, in the said financial year, the previous
year shall be the period beginning with the date of setting up of the business or
profession or, as the case may be, the date on which the source of income newly
comes into existence and ending with the said financial year.]CHAPTER II
BASIS OF CHARGE
Charge of income-tax.
30
4.31
(1) Where any Central Act enacts that income-tax32
shall be charged for
any assessment year at any rate or rates, income-tax at that rate or those
rates shall be charged for that year in accordance with, and 33
[subject to the 1.29CH. II – BASIS OF CHARGES. 426.Inserted by the Finance Act, 2005, w.e.f. 1-4-2006. Earlier clause (48) was omitted by the
Direct Tax Laws (Amendment) Act, 1987, w.e.f. 1-4-1989. It was later re-introduced by the
Direct Tax Laws (Amendment) Act, 1989, w.e.f. 1-4-1989 and again omitted by the Finance
Act, 1992, w.e.f. 1-4-1993.
27.For specified bonds, see Taxmann’s Master Guide to Income-tax Act. See also rules 8B &
8C and Form No. 5B.
28.Explanation omitted by the Finance Act, 2006, w.e.f. 1-4-2006. Prior to its omission,
Explanation read as under :
‘Explanation.—For the purposes of this clause, the expressions “infrastructure capital
company” and “infrastructure capital fund” shall have the same meanings respectively
assigned to them in clauses (a) and (b) of Explanation 1 to clause (23G) of section 10.’
29.Substituted by the Finance Act, 1999, w.e.f. 1-4-2000. Prior to its substitution, section 3 was
amended by the Direct Tax Laws (Amendment) Act, 1987, w.e.f. 1-4-1989 and the Direct
Tax Laws (Amendment) Act, 1989, w.e.f. 1-4-1989.
30.See also Circular No. 142, dated 1-8-1974, Circular No. 447, dated 22-1-1986, Circular
No. 573, dated 21-8-1990, Circular No. 776, dated 8-6-1999 and Instruction No. 747 [F. No.
288/29/74-IT(A-II)], (relevant extracts), dated 30-8-1974. For details, see Taxmann’s
Master Guide to Income-tax Act.
31.For relevant case laws, see Taxmann’s Master Guide to Income-tax Act.
32.For the meaning of the term “income-tax”, see Taxmann’s Direct Taxes Manual, Vol. 3.
33.Substituted for “subject to the provisions of this Act” by the Direct Tax Laws (Amendment)
Act, 1987, w.e.f. 1-4-1989.

provisions (including provisions for the levy of additional income-tax) of, this
Act]34
in respect of the total income34
of the previous year 35
[* * *] of every person:
Provided that where by virtue of any provision of this Act income-tax is to be
charged in respect of the income of a period other than the previous year,
income-tax shall be charged accordingly.
(2) In respect of income chargeable under sub-section (1), income-tax shall be
deducted at the source or paid in advance, where it is so deductible or payable
under any provision of this Act.
Scope of total income.
36
5.37
(1) Subject to38
the provisions of this Act, the total income38
of any previous
year of a person who is a resident includes all income from whatever source
derived which—
(a)is received39
or is deemed to be received39
in India in such year by or
on behalf of such person ; or
(b)accrues39
or arises39
or is deemed39
to accrue or arise to him in India
during such year ; or
(c)accrues39
or arises39
to him outside India during such year :
Provided that, in the case of a person not ordinarily resident in India
within the meaning of sub-section (6)* of section 6, the income which
accrues or arises to him outside India shall not be so included unless
it is derived from a business controlled in or a profession set up in
India.
(2) Subject to38
the provisions of this Act, the total income38
of any previous year
of a person who is a non-resident includes all income from whatever source
derived which—
(a)is received39
or is deemed to be received39
in India in such year by or
on behalf of such person ; or
(b)accrues39
or arises39
or is deemed to accrue or arise to him in India
during such year.
Explanation 1.—Income accruing or arising outside India shall not be deemed to
be received39
in India within the meaning of this section by reason only of the fact
that it is taken into account in a balance sheet prepared in India. S. 5I.T. ACT, 19611.3034.For the meaning of the expressions “in accordance with, and subject to the provisions of,
this Act” and “total income”, see Taxmann’s Direct Taxes Manual, Vol. 3.
35.“or previous years, as the case may be,” omitted by the Direct Tax Laws (Amendment) Act,
1987, w.e.f. 1-4-1989.
36.See also Circular No. 369, dated 17-9-1983. For details, see Taxmann’s Master Guide to
Income-tax Act.
37.For relevant case laws, see Taxmann’s Master Guide to Income-tax Act.
38.For the meaning of the terms/expressions “subject to” and “total income”, see Taxmann’s
Direct Taxes Manual, Vol. 3.
39.For the meaning of the terms/expressions “is received”, “deemed to be received”, “accrues
or arises”, “accrued or arisen” and “deemed to have accrued”, see Taxmann’s Direct Taxes
Manual, Vol. 3.
*Should be read as ‘clause (6)’.

Explanation 2.—For the removal of doubts, it is hereby declared that income
which has been included in the total income of a person on the basis that it has
accrued40
or arisen40
or is deemed to have accrued40
or arisen40
to him shall not
again be so included on the basis that it is received or deemed to be received by
him in India.
41
[Apportionment of income between spouses governed by Portuguese CivilCode.
5A.(1) Where the husband and wife are governed by the system of commu-
nity of property (known under the Portuguese Civil Code of 1860
as “COMMUNIAO DOS BENS”) in force in the State of Goa and in the Union
territories of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu, the income of
the husband and of the wife under any head of income shall not be assessed as
that of such community of property (whether treated as an association of
persons or a body of individuals), but such income of the husband and of the wife
under each head of income (other than under the head “Salaries”) shall be
apportioned equally between the husband and the wife and the income so
apportioned shall be included separately in the total income of the husband and
of the wife respectively, and the remaining provisions of this Act shall apply
accordingly.
(2) Where the husband or, as the case may be, the wife governed by the aforesaid
system of community of property has any income under the head “Salaries”, such
income shall be included in the total income of the spouse who has actually
earned it.] Residence in India.
42
6.For the purposes of this Act,—
(1)An individual is said to be resident in India in any previous year, if he—
(a)is in India in that year for a period or periods amounting in all to
one hundred and eighty-two days or more ; or
(b)43
[* * *] (c)having within the four years preceding that year been in India for
a period or periods amounting in all to three hundred and sixty-
five days or more, is in India for a period or periods amounting
in all to sixty days or more in that year.
44
[Explanation.—In the case of an individual,— 1.31CH. II – BASIS OF CHARGES. 640.For the meaning of the terms/expressions “is received”, “deemed to be received”, “accrues
or arises”, “accrued or arisen” and “deemed to have accrued or arisen”, see Taxmann’s
Direct Taxes Manual, Vol. 3.
41.Inserted by the Finance Act, 1994, w.r.e.f. 1-4-1963.
42.For relevant case laws, see Taxmann’s Master Guide to Income-tax Act.
43.Omitted by the Finance Act, 1982, w.e.f. 1-4-1983.
44.Substituted by the Direct Tax Laws (Second Amendment) Act, 1989, w.e.f. 1-4-1990.
Original Explanation was inserted by the Finance Act, 1978, w.e.f. 1-4-1979 and later
amended by the Finance Act, 1982, w.e.f. 1-4-1983.

(a)being a citizen of India, who leaves India in any previous year
45
[as a member of the crew of an 46
Indian ship as defined in
clause (18) of section 3 of the Merchant Shipping Act, 1958 (44
of 1958), or] for the purposes of employment outside India, the
provisions of sub-clause (c) shall apply in relation to that year as
if for the words “sixty days”, occurring therein, the words “one
hundred and eighty-two days” had been substituted ;
(b)being a citizen of India, or a person of Indian origin within the
meaning of Explanation to clause (e) of section 115C, who, being
outside India, comes on a visit to India in any previous year, the
provisions of sub-clause (c) shall apply in relation to that year as
if for the words “sixty days”, occurring therein, the words “one
hundred and 47
[eighty-two] days” had been substituted.] (2)A Hindu undivided family, firm or other association of persons is said
to be resident in India in any previous year in every case except where
during that year the control and management48
of its affairs48
is
situated wholly48
outside India.
(3)A company is said to be resident in India in any previous year, if—
(i)it is an Indian company ; or
(ii)during that year, the control and management48
of its affairs48
is
situated wholly48
in India.
(4)Every other person is said to be resident in India in any previous year
in every case, except where during that year the control and manage-
ment of his affairs is situated wholly outside India.
(5)If a person is resident in India in a previous year relevant to
an assessment year in respect of any source of income, he
shall be deemed to be resident in India in the previous year relevant
to the assessment year in respect of each of his other sources of
income.
49
[(6)A person is said to be “not ordinarily resident” in India in any previous
year if such person is— S. 6I.T. ACT, 19611.3245.Inserted by the Finance Act, 1990, w.e.f. 1-4-1990.
46.Clause (18) of section 3 of the Merchant Shipping Act, 1958, defines “Indian ship” as
follows :
‘(18)“Indian ship” means a ship registered as such under this Act and includes any ship
registered at any port in India at the commencement of this Act which is recognised
as an Indian ship under the proviso to sub-section (2) of section 22;’
47.Substituted for “fifty” by the Finance Act, 1994, w.e.f. 1-4-1995.
48.For the meaning of the terms/expressions “control and management”, “affairs” and
“wholly”, see Taxmann’s Direct Taxes Manual, Vol. 3.
49.Substituted by the Finance Act, 2003, w.e.f. 1-4-2004. Prior to its substitution, clause (6)
read as under :
‘(6)A person is said to be “not ordinarily resident” in India in any previous year if such
person is—
(Contd. on p. 1.33)

(a)an individual who has been a non-resident in India in nine out of
the ten previous years preceding that year, or has during the
seven previous years preceding that year been in India for a
period of, or periods amounting in all to, seven hundred and
twenty-nine days or less; or
(b)a Hindu undivided family whose manager has been a non-
resident in India in nine out of the ten previous years preceding
that year, or has during the seven previous years preceding that
year been in India for a period of, or periods amounting in all to,
seven hundred and twenty-nine days or less.] Income deemed to be received.
7.The following incomes shall be deemed to be received in the previous year :—
(i)the annual accretion in the previous year to the balance at the credit
of an employee participating in a recognised provident fund, to the
extent provided in rule 6 of Part A of the Fourth Schedule ;
(ii)the transferred balance in a recognised provident fund, to the extent
provided in sub-rule (4) of rule 11 of Part A of the Fourth Schedule;
50
[(iii)the contribution made, by the Central Government 51
[or any other
employer] in the previous year, to the account of an employee under
a pension scheme referred to in section 80CCD.] Dividend income.
8.52
[For the purposes of inclusion in the total income of an assessee,—
(a)any dividend] declared by a company or distributed or paid by it
within the meaning of sub-clause (a) or sub-clause (b) or sub-clause
(c) or sub-clause (d) or sub-clause (e) of clause (22) of section 2 shall
be deemed to be the income of the previous year in which it is so
declared, distributed or paid, as the case may be ;
53
[(b)any interim dividend shall be deemed to be the income of the previous
year in which the amount of such dividend is unconditionally made
available by the company to the member who is entitled to it.] 1.33CH. II – BASIS OF CHARGES. 8(Contd. from p. 1.32)
(a)an individual who has not been resident in India in nine out of the ten
previous years preceding that year, or has not during the seven previous
years preceding that year been in India for a period of, or periods amounting
in all to, seven hundred and thirty days or more ; or
(b)a Hindu undivided family whose manager has not been resident in India in
nine out of the ten previous years preceding that year, or has not during the
seven previous years preceding that year been in India for a period of, or
periods amounting in all to, seven hundred and thirty days or more.’
50.Inserted by the Finance (No. 2) Act, 2004, w.r.e.f. 1-4-2004.
51.Inserted by the Finance Act, 2007, w.r.e.f. 1-4-2004.
52.Substituted for “For the purposes of inclusion in the total income of an assessee, any
dividend” by the Finance Act, 1965, w.e.f. 1-4-1965.
53.Inserted, ibid.

Income deemed to accrue or arise in India.
54
9.55
(1) The following incomes shall be deemed56
to accrue or arise in India :—
57
(i)all income accruing or arising, whether directly or indirectly, through
or from any business connection58
in India, or through or from any
property58
in India, or through or from any asset or source of income
in India, 59
[* * *] or through the transfer of a capital asset situate in
India.
60
[Explanation 1].—For the purposes of this clause—
(a)in the case of a business of which all the operations61
are not
carried out in India, the income of the business deemed under this
clause to accrue or arise in India shall be only such part of the
income as is reasonably attributable to the operations61
carried
out in India ;
(b)in the case of a non-resident, no income shall be deemed to
accrue or arise in India to him through or from operations which
are confined to the purchase of goods in India for the purpose of
export ;
62
[* * *] 63
[(c)in the case of a non-resident, being a person engaged in the
business of running a news agency or of publishing newspapers,
magazines or journals, no income shall be deemed to accrue or
arise in India to him through or from activities which are confined
to the collection of news and views in India for transmission out
of India ;] 64
[(d)in the case of a non-resident, being—
(1)an individual who is not a citizen of India ; or
(2)a firm which does not have any partner who is a citizen of
India or who is resident in India ; or
(3)a company which does not have any shareholder who is a
citizen of India or who is resident in India, S. 9I.T. ACT, 19611.3454.See also Circular No. 23, dated 23-7-1969, Circular No. 163, dated 29-5-1975, Circular
No. 35(XXXIII-7) of 1956, dated 3-9-1956, Circular No. 4, dated 20-2-1969, Circular
No. 382, dated 4-5-1984, and Circular No. 5/2004, dated 28-9-2004. For details, see
Taxmann’s Master Guide to Income-tax Act.
55.For relevant case laws, see Taxmann’s Master Guide to Income-tax Act.
56.For the meaning of the term “deemed”, see Taxmann’s Direct Taxes Manual, Vol. 3.
57.See rule 10 for manner of computation of income of non-residents in certain cases.
58.For the meaning of the terms/expressions “business connection” and “property”, see
Taxmann’s Direct Taxes Manual, Vol. 3.
59.Words “or through or from any money lent at interest and brought into India in cash or
in kind” omitted by the Finance Act, 1976, w.e.f. 1-6-1976.
60.Explanation renumbered as Explanation 1 by the Finance Act, 2003, w.e.f. 1-4-2004.
61.For the meaning of the term “operations”, see Taxmann’s Direct Taxes Manual, Vol. 3.
62.Proviso omitted by the Finance Act, 1964, w.e.f. 1-4-1964.
63.Inserted by the Finance Act, 1983, w.r.e.f. 1-4-1962.
64.Inserted by the Taxation Laws (Amendment) Act, 1984, w.r.e.f. 1-4-1982.

no income shall be deemed to accrue or arise in India to such
individual, firm or company through or from operations65
which
are confined to the shooting of any cinematograph film in India.] 66
[Explanation 2.—For the removal of doubts, it is hereby declared
that “business connection” shall include any business activity carried
out through a person who, acting on behalf of the non-resident,—
(a)has and habitually exercises in India, an authority to conclude
contracts on behalf of the non-resident, unless his activities are
limited to the purchase of goods or merchandise for the non-
resident; or
(b)has no such authority, but habitually maintains in India a stock of
goods or merchandise from which he regularly delivers goods or
merchandise on behalf of the non-resident; or
(c)habitually secures orders in India, mainly or wholly for the non-
resident or for that non-resident and other non-residents control-
ling, controlled by, or subject to the same common control, as that
non-resident:
Provided that such business connection shall not include any busi-
ness activity carried out through a broker, general commission agent
or any other agent having an independent status, if such broker,
general commission agent or any other agent having an independent
status is acting in the ordinary course of his business :
Provided further that where such broker, general commission agent
or any other agent works mainly or wholly on behalf of a non-resident
(hereafter in this proviso referred to as the principal non-resident) or
on behalf of such non-resident and other non-residents which are
controlled by the principal non-resident or have a controlling interest
in the principal non-resident or are subject to the same common
control as the principal non-resident, he shall not be deemed to be a
broker, general commission agent or an agent of an independent
status.
Explanation 3.—Where a business is carried on in India through a
person referred to in clause (a) or clause (b) or clause (c) of Explanation
2, only so much of income as is attributable to the operations carried
out in India shall be deemed to accrue or arise in India;] (ii)income which falls under the head “Salaries”, if it is earned67
in India.
68
[Explanation.—For the removal of doubts, it is hereby declared that
the income of the nature referred to in this clause payable for— 1.35CH. II – BASIS OF CHARGES. 965.For the meaning of the term “operations”, see Taxmann’s Direct Taxes Manual, Vol. 3.
66.Inserted by the Finance Act, 2003, w.e.f. 1-4-2004.
67.For the meaning of the term “earned”, see Taxmann’s Direct Taxes Manual, Vol. 3.
68.Substituted by the Finance Act, 1999, w.e.f. 1-4-2000. Prior to its substitution, Explanation,
as inserted by the Finance Act, 1983, w.r.e.f. 1-4-1979, read as under :
“Explanation.—For the removal of doubts, it is hereby declared that income of the nature
referred to in this clause payable for service rendered in India shall be regarded as income
earned in India ;”

(a)service rendered in India; and
(b)the rest period or leave period which is preceded and succeeded
by services rendered in India and forms part of the service
contract of employment,
shall be regarded as income earned in India ;] (iii)income chargeable under the head “Salaries” payable by the Govern-
ment to a citizen of India for service outside India ;
(iv)a dividend paid by an Indian company outside India ;
69
[(v)income by way of interest payable by—
(a)the Government ; or
(b)a person who is a resident, except where the interest is payable in
respect of any debt incurred, or moneys borrowed and used, for
the purposes of a business or profession carried on by such
person outside India or for the purposes of making or earning any
income from any source outside India ; or
(c)a person who is a non-resident, where the interest is payable in
respect of any debt incurred, or moneys borrowed and used, for
the purposes of a business or profession carried on by such
person in India ;
(vi)income by way of royalty70
payable by—
(a)the Government ; or
(b)a person who is a resident, except where the royalty is payable in
respect of any right, property or information used or services
utilised for the purposes of a business or profession carried on by
such person outside India or for the purposes of making or
earning any income from any source outside India ; or
(c)a person who is a non-resident, where the royalty is payable in
respect of any right, property or information used or services
utilised for the purposes of a business or profession carried on by
such person in India or for the purposes of making or earning any
income from any source in India :
Provided that nothing contained in this clause shall apply in relation
to so much of the income by way of royalty as consists of lump sum
consideration for the transfer outside India of, or the imparting of
information outside India in respect of, any data, documentation,
drawing or specification relating to any patent, invention, model,
design, secret formula or process or trade mark or similar property,
if such income is payable in pursuance of an agreement made before
the 1st day of April, 1976, and the agreement is approved by the
Central Government : S. 9I.T. ACT, 19611.3669.Clauses (v), (vi) and (vii) inserted by the Finance Act, 1976, w.e.f. 1-6-1976.
70.For the meaning of the term “royalty”, see Taxmann’s Direct Taxes Manual, Vol. 3.

71
[Provided further that nothing contained in this clause shall apply in
relation to so much of the income by way of royalty as consists of
lump sum payment made by a person, who is a resident, for the
transfer of all or any rights (including the granting of a licence) in
respect of computer software supplied by a non-resident manufac-
turer along with a computer or computer-based equipment under
any scheme approved under the Policy on Computer Software
Export, Software Development and Training, 1986 of the Govern-
ment of India.] Explanation 1.—For the purposes of the 72
[first] proviso, anagree-
ment made on or after the 1st day of April, 1976, shall be deemed to
have been made before that date if the agreement is made in
accordance with proposals approved by the Central Government
before that date; so, however, that, where the recipient of the income
by way of royalty is a foreign company, the agreement shall not be
deemed to have been made before that date unless, before the expiry
of the time allowed under sub-section (1) or sub-section (2) of section
139 (whether fixed originally or on extension) for furnishing the
return of income for the assessment year commencing on the 1st day
of April, 1977, or the assessment year in respect of which such income
first becomes chargeable to tax under this Act, whichever assessment
year is later, the company exercises an option by furnishing a
declaration in writing to the 73
[Assessing] Officer (such option being
final for that assessment year and for every subsequent assessment
year) that the agreement may be regarded as an agreement made
before the 1st day of April, 1976.
Explanation 2.—For the purposes of this clause, “royalty” means
consideration (including any lump sum consideration but excluding
any consideration which would be the income of the recipient
chargeable under the head “Capital gains”) for—
(i)the transfer of all or any rights (including the granting of a
licence) in respect of a patent, invention, model, design, secret
formula or process or trade mark or similar property ;
(ii)the imparting of any information concerning the working of, or
the use of, a patent, invention, model, design, secret formula or
process or trade mark or similar property ;
(iii)the use of any patent, invention, model, design, secret formula or
process or trade mark or similar property ;
(iv)the imparting of any information concerning technical,
industrial, commercial or scientific knowledge, experience or
skill ; 1.37CH. II – BASIS OF CHARGES. 971.Inserted by the Finance (No. 2) Act, 1991, w.e.f. 1-4-1991.
72.Substituted for “foregoing”, ibid.
73.Substituted for “Income-tax” by the Direct Tax Laws (Amendment) Act, 1987, w.e.f.
1-4-1988.

S. 9I.T. ACT, 19611.38
74
[(iva)the use or right to use any industrial, commercial or scientific
equipment but not including the amounts referred to in section
44BB;] (v)the transfer of all or any rights (including the granting of a
licence) in respect of any copyright, literary, artistic or scientific
work including films or video tapes for use in connection with
television or tapes for use in connection with radio broadcasting,
but not including consideration for the sale, distribution or
exhibition of cinematographic films ; or
(vi)the rendering of any services in connection with the activities
referred to in sub-clauses (i) to 74
[(iv), (iva) and] (v).
75
[Explanation 3.—For the purposes of this clause, “computer soft-
ware” means any computer programme recorded on any disc, tape,
perforated media or other information storage device and includes
any such programme or any customized electronic data;] (vii)income by way of fees for technical services payable76
by—
(a)the Government ; or
(b)a person who is a resident, except where the fees are payable in
respect of services utilised in a business or profession carried on
by such person outside India or for the purposes of making or
earning any income from any source outside India ; or
(c)a person who is a non-resident, where the fees are payable in
respect of services utilised in a business or profession carried on
by such person in India or for the purposes of making or earning
any income from any source in India :
77
[Provided that nothing contained in this clause shall apply in relation
to any income by way of fees for technical services payable in
pursuance of an agreement made before the 1st day of April, 1976,
and approved by the Central Government.] 77
[Explanation 1.—For the purposes of the foregoing proviso, an
agreement made on or after the 1st day of April, 1976, shall be deemed
to have been made before that date if the agreement is made in
accordance with proposals approved by the Central Government
before that date.] Explanation 77
[2].—For the purposes of this clause, “fees for technical
services” means any consideration (including any lump sum consi-74.Inserted by the Finance Act, 2001, w.e.f. 1-4-2002.
75.Substituted by the Finance Act, 2000, w.e.f. 1-4-2001. Prior to its substitution, Explanation
3, as inserted by the Finance (No. 2) Act, 1991, w.e.f. 1-4-1991, read as under :
‘Explanation 3.—For the purposes of this clause, the expression “computer software”
shall have the meaning assigned to it in clause (b) of the Explanation to section 80HHE;’
76.For the meaning of the expression “fees for technical services payable”, see Taxmann’s
Direct Taxes Manual, Vol. 3.
77.Inserted by the Finance (No. 2) Act, 1977, w.e.f. 1-4-1977.

deration) for the rendering of any managerial, technical or consultancy
services (including the provision of services of technical or other
personnel) but does not include consideration for any construction78
,
assembly, mining or like project undertaken by the recipient or
consideration which would be income of the recipient chargeable
under the head “Salaries”.] (2) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (1), any pension payable
outside India to a person residing permanently outside India shall not be deemed
to accrue or arise in India, if the pension is payable to a person referred to in
article 314 of the Constitution or to a person who, having been appointed before
the 15th day of August, 1947, to be a Judge of the Federal Court or of a High Court
within the meaning of the Government of India Act, 1935, continues to serve on
or after the commencement of the Constitution as a Judge in India.
79
[Explanation.—For the removal of doubts, it is hereby declared that for the
purposes of this section, where income is deemed to accrue or arise in India
under clauses (v), (vi) and (vii) of sub-section (1), such income shall be included
in the total income of the non-resident, whether or not the non-resident has a
residence or place of business or business connection in India.]CHAPTER III
INCOMES WHICH DO NOT FORM PART OF TOTAL INCOME
Incomes not included in total income.
10.In computing the total income of a previous year of any person, any income
falling within any of the following clauses shall not be included—
(1)agricultural income ;
80
(2)81
[subject to the provisions of sub-section (2) of section 64,] any sum
received by an individual as a member of a Hindu undivided family,
where such sum has been paid out of the income of the family, or, in
the case of any impartible estate, where such sum has been paid out
of the income of the estate belonging to the family ;
82
[(2A)in the case of a person being a partner of a firm which is separately
assessed as such, his share in the total income of the firm.
Explanation.—For the purposes of this clause, the share of a partner
in the total income of a firm separately assessed as such shall,
notwithstanding anything contained in any other law, be an amount
which bears to the total income of the firm the same proportion as the
amount of his share in the profits of the firm in accordance with the
partnership deed bears to such profits ;] 1.39 CH. III – INCOMES WHICH DO NOT FORM PART OF TOTAL INCOMES. 10(2A)78.For the meaning of the term “construction”, see Taxmann’s Direct Taxes Manual, Vol. 3.
79.Inserted by the Finance Act, 2007, w.r.e.f. 1-6-1976.
80.For relevant case laws, see Taxmann’s Master Guide to Income-tax Act.
81.Inserted by the Taxation Laws (Amendment) Act, 1970, w.e.f. 1-4-1971.
82.Inserted by the Finance Act, 1992, w.e.f. 1-4-1993. Earlier, clause (2A) was inserted by the
Direct Tax Laws (Amendment) Act, 1987, w.e.f. 1-4-1989 and was omitted by the Direct Tax
Laws (Amendment) Act, 1989, with effect from the same date.

(3)83
[***] 84
[(4)(i) in the case of a non-resident, any income by way of interest
on such securities or bonds as the Central Government may, by
notification in the Official Gazette85
, specify in this behalf,
including income by way of premium on the redemption of such
bonds :
86
[Provided that the Central Government shall not specify, for the
purposes of this sub-clause, such securities or bonds on or after the
1st day of June, 2002;] 87
[88
(ii) in the case of an individual, any income by way of interest
on moneys standing to his credit in a Non-Resident (External)
Account in any bank in India in accordance with the Foreign
Exchange Regulation Act, 1973 (46 of 1973), and the rules made
thereunder :
Provided that such individual is a person resident outside India as
defined in clause (q) of section 289
of the said Act or is a person who
has been permitted by the Reserve Bank of India to maintain the
aforesaid Account ;]]83.Omitted by the Finance Act, 2002, w.e.f. 1-4-2003. Prior to its omission, clause (3), as
substituted by the Finance Act, 1972, w.e.f. 1-4-1972, and amended by the Finance Act,
1986, w.e.f. 1-4-1987, Finance (No. 2) Act, 1991, w.e.f. 1-10-1991 and Finance Act, 1992, w.e.f.
1-4-1992, read as under :
‘(3)any receipts which are of a casual and non-recurring nature, to the extent such
receipts do not exceed five thousand rupees in the aggregate :
Provided that where such receipts relate to winnings from races including horse
races, the provisions of this clause shall have effect as if for the words “five thousand
rupees”, the words “two thousand five hundred rupees” had been substituted :
Provided further that this clause shall not apply to—
(i)capital gains chargeable under the provisions of section 45 ; or
(ii)receipts arising from business or the exercise of a profession or occupa-
tion ; or
(iii)receipts by way of addition to the remuneration of an employee ;’
84.Substituted for clauses (4) and (4A) by the Direct Tax Laws (Amendment) Act, 1987, w.e.f.
1-4-1989. Prior to their substitution, clause (4) was amended by the Finance Act, 1964,
w.e.f. 1-4-1964. Clause (4A) was inserted by the Finance Act, 1964, w.e.f. 1-4-1965,
subsequently amended by the Finance Act, 1968, w.e.f. 1-4-1969 and substituted by the
Finance Act, 1982, w.e.f. 1-4-1982.
85.For specified securities, see Notification No. SO 3331, dated 19-10-1965. For details, see
Taxmann’s Master Guide to Income-tax Act.
86.Inserted by the Finance Act, 2002, w.e.f. 1-4-2003.
87.Substituted by the Finance (No. 2) Act, 1991, w.e.f. 1-4-1991.
88.See also Circular No. 592, dated 4-2-1991. For details, see Taxmann’s Master Guide to
Income-tax Act.
89.Clause (q) of section 2 of the Foreign Exchange Regulation Act, 1973, defines “person
resident outside India” as follows :
‘(q)“person resident outside India” means a person who is not resident in India ;’
For definition of the above term in FEMA, 1999, see Appendix. S. 10(4)I.T. ACT, 19611.40

90
[***] 91
[(4B)in the case of an individual, being a citizen of India or a person of
Indian origin, who is a non-resident, any income from interest on such
savings certificates issued 92
[before the 1st day of June, 2002] by the
Central Government as that Government may, by notification in the
Official Gazette93
, specify in this behalf :
Provided that the individual has subscribed to such certificates
in convertible foreign exchange remitted from a country out-
side India in accordance with the provisions of the Foreign
Exchange Regulation Act, 1973 (46 of 1973), and any rules made
thereunder.
Explanation.—For the purposes of this clause,—
(a)a person shall be deemed to be of Indian origin if he, or either of
his parents or any of his grandparents, was born in undivided
India ;
(b)“convertible foreign exchange” means foreign exchange which is
for the time being treated by the Reserve Bank of India as
convertible foreign exchange for the purposes of the Foreign
Exchange Regulation Act, 1973 (46 of 1973), and any rules made
thereunder ;] 94
[(5)in the case of an individual, the value of any travel concession or
assistance received by, or due to, him,—
(a)from his employer for himself and his family, in connection with
his proceeding on leave to any place in India ;
(b)from his employer or former employer for himself and his
family, in connection with his proceeding to any place in India
after retirement from service or after the termination of his
service,
subject to such conditions as may be prescribed95
(including condi-
tions as to number of journeys and the amount which shall be exempt 1.41 CH. III – INCOMES WHICH DO NOT FORM PART OF TOTAL INCOMES. 10(5)90.Omitted by the Finance Act, 2005, w.e.f. 1-4-2006. Prior to its omission, second proviso, as
inserted by the Finance (No. 2) Act, 2004, w.e.f. 1-4-2006, read as under :
“Provided further that nothing contained in this sub-clause shall apply to any income by
way of interest paid or credited on or after the 1st day of April, 2005 to the Non-Resident
(External) Account of such individual;”
91.Inserted by the Finance Act, 1982, w.e.f. 1-4-1983.
92.Inserted by the Finance Act, 2002, w.e.f. 1-4-2003.
93.For specified savings certificates, see Notification No. SO 653(E), dated 8-9-1982. For
details, see Taxmann’s Master Guide to Income-tax Act.
94.Substituted by the Direct Tax Laws (Second Amendment) Act, 1989, w.e.f. 1-4-1989. Earlier
clause (5) was amended by the Finance Act, 1975, w.e.f. 1-4-1975, the Taxation Laws
(Amendment) Act, 1970, w.r.e.f. 1-4-1962 and the Direct Tax Laws (Amendment) Act, 1987,
w.e.f. 1-4-1989.
95.Rule 2B prescribes the conditions as well as quantum of exemption, which are as follows :
Conditions to be satisfied – Conditions to be satisfied are as under :
(Contd. on p. 1.42)

S. 10(5)I.T. ACT, 19611.42
per head) having regard to the travel concession or assistance granted
to the employees of the Central Government :nAir economy fare of the national carrier
(Indian Airlines or Air India) by the short-
est route to the place of destination.
nAir-conditioned first class rail fare by the
shortest route to the place of destination.
n(i) Where a recognised public transport
system exists, the first class or deluxe class
fare on such transport by the shortest
route to the place of destination.
(ii) Where no recognised public transport
system exists, the air-conditioned first class
rail fare, for the distance of the journey by
the shortest route, as if the journey has
been performed by rail.(Contd. from p. 1.41)
u The exemption is admissible on the value of any travel concession or assistance received
by or due to an assessee from his employer or former employer, as the case may be, for
himself and his family, in connection with his proceeding (i) on leave to any place in India,
or (ii) to any place in India after the retirement from service, or (iii) to any place in India
after the termination of his service.
u The exemption is admissible in respect of actual expenditure incurred for journeys
performed, not only by the assessee but also by his family.
For this purpose, ‘family’ means (i) the spouse and children of the assessee, and (ii) the
parents, brothers and sisters of the assessee provided that they are wholly or mainly
dependent on the assessee. With effect from 1-10-1997, the Central Civil Service Leave
Travel Concession Rules have been amended in this respect.
u The exemption can be availed only in respect of two journeys performed in a block of
four calendar years. For this purpose, the first four-year block commenced with the
calendar year 1986. Thus, the four-year blocks will be 1986-89, 1990-93, 1994-97, 1998-
2001, 2002-05 and so on.
u If an assessee has not availed travel concession or assistance during any of the specified
four-year block periods on one of the two permitted occasions, or on both occasions,
exemption can be claimed provided he avails the concession or assistance in the calendar
year immediately following that block. This is popularly known as the ‘carry-over’
concession. In such cases, the exemption so availed will not be counted for purposes of
regulating the future exemptions allowable for the succeeding block of four years.
Quantum of exemption.—The basic rule is that the quantum of exemption will be limited
to the actual expenses incurred on the journey. This pre-supposes that, without perform-
ing any journey and incurring expenses thereon, no exemption can be claimed.
In addition to the above general limitation, the quantum of exemption will also be subject
to the following maximum limits, depending upon the mode of transport used or available: JOURNEYS PERFORMED ON OR AFTER 1-10-1997
nFor journeys performed by Air
nWhere place of origin of journey
and destination are connected by
rail and the journey is performed by
any mode of transport other than by
air
nWhere place of origin of journey
and destination or part thereof are
not connected by rail
Restricted concession for children.—Under sub-rule (4) of rule 2B, inserted with effect
from 1-10-1997, exemption on travel concession will not be admissible to more than two
(Contd. on p. 1.43)

Provided that the amount exempt under this clause shall in no case
exceed the amount of expenses actually incurred for the purpose of
such travel.
Explanation.—For the purposes of this clause, “family”, in relation to
an individual, means—
(i)the spouse and children of the individual ; and
(ii)the parents, brothers and sisters of the individual or any of
them, wholly or mainly dependent on the individual; ] (5A)96
[Omitted by the Finance (No. 2) Act, 1998, w.e.f. 1-4-1999;] (5B)97
[Omitted by the Finance Act, 2002, w.e.f. 1-4-2003;] 1.43 CH. III – INCOMES WHICH DO NOT FORM PART OF TOTAL INCOMES. 10(5B)
surviving children of an individual born after 1-10-1998. This restriction will not however
apply in respect of children born before 1-10-1998, and also in cases where an individual,
after getting one child, begets multiple children (twins/triplets/quadruplets, etc.) on the
second occasion. The implications of this restriction will be as follows :
uIn respect of journeys performed on or before 1-10-1998 exemption will be admissible
in respect of all the surviving children of the individual.
uIn respect of journeys performed after 1-10-1998
-the exemption will be admissible to all surviving children born before 1-10-1998;
-in addition, the exemption will be admissible to only two surviving children born on
or after 1-10-1998. In reckoning this limit of two children, children born out of
multiple birth after the first child will be treated as ‘one child’ only.
It may be noted that section 2(15B) of the Act defines a ‘child’ as includes ‘a step-child
and an adopted child of the individual’. Hence the aforesaid restrictions will operate in
respect of step-children and adopted children also provided they are born on or after
1-10-1998.
96.Prior to its omission, clause (5A), as inserted by the Taxation Laws (Amendment) Act, 1984,
w.r.e.f. 1-4-1982, read as under :
“(5A)in the case of an individual who is not a citizen of India and is a non-resident, who
comes to India solely in connection with the shooting of a cinematograph film in
India by the individual, firm or company referred to in clause (d) of the Explanation
to clause (i) of sub-section (1) of section 9, any remuneration received by him for
rendering any service in connection with such shooting ;”
97.Prior to its omission, clause (5B), as inserted by the Finance Act, 1993, w.e.f. 1-4-1994, and
later on amended by the Finance Act, 1999, w.e.f. 1-4-1999, read as under :
‘(5B)in the case of an individual who renders services as a technician in the employment
(commencing from a date after the 31st day of March, 1993) of the Government or
of a local authority or of any corporation set up under any special law or of any such
institution or body established in India for carrying on scientific research as is
approved for the purposes of this clause by the prescribed authority or in
any business carried on in India and the individual was not resident in India in any
of the four financial years immediately preceding the financial year in which he
arrived in India and the tax on his income for such services chargeable under the
head “Salaries” is paid to the Central Government by the employer [which tax, in the
case of an employer, being a company, may be paid notwithstanding anything
contained in section 200 of the Companies Act, 1956 (1 of 1956)], the tax so paid by
the employer for a period not exceeding forty-eight months commencing from the
date of his arrival in India:(Contd. from p. 1.42)
(Contd. on p. 1.44)

(6)in the case of an individual who is not a citizen of India,—
(i)98
[***] 99
[(ii)the remuneration received by him as an official, by whatever
name called, of an embassy, high commission, legation, commis-
sion, consulate or the trade representation of a foreign State, or
as a member of the staff of any of these officials, for service in
such capacity :
Provided that the remuneration received by him as trade commis-
sioner or other official representative in India of the Government
of a foreign State (not holding office as such in an honorary
capacity), or as a member of the staff of any of those officials,
shall be exempt only if the remuneration of the corresponding
officials or, as the case may be, members of the staff, if any, of the
Government resident for similar purposes in the country con-
cerned enjoys a similar exemption in that country :
Provided further that such members of the staff are subjects of
the country represented and are not engaged in any business or
profession or employment in India otherwise than as members of
such staff ;] S. 10(6)I.T. ACT, 19611.44
Provided that the Central Government may, if it considers it necessary or expedient
in the public interest so to do, waive the condition relating to non-residence in India
as specified in this clause in the case of any individual who is employed in India for
designing, erection or commissioning of machinery or plant or supervising activi-
ties connected with such designing, erection or commissioning.
Explanation.—For the purposes of this clause, “technician” means a person having
specialised knowledge and experience in—
(i)constructional or manufacturing operations, or in mining or in the genera-
tion of electricity or any other form of power, or
(ii)agriculture, animal husbandry, dairy farming, deep sea fishing or ship
building, or
(iii)such other field as the Central Government may, having regard to availability
of Indians having specialised knowledge and experience therein, the needs of
the country and other relevant circumstances, by notification in the Official
Gazette, specify,
who is employed in India in a capacity in which such specialised knowledge and
experience are actually utilised ;’
98.Omitted by the Finance Act, 2002, w.e.f. 1-4-2003. Prior to its omission, sub-clause (i), as
substituted by the Taxation Laws (Amendment) Act, 1970, w.r.e.f. 1-4-1962 and amended
by the Finance (No. 2) Act, 1977, w.r.e.f. 1-4-1972 and the Finance (No. 2) Act, 1998, w.e.f.
1-4-1999, read as under :
“(i)subject to such conditions as the Central Government may prescribe, passage
moneys or the value of any free or concessional passage received by or due to such
individual—
(a)from his employer, for himself, his spouse and children, in connection with
his proceeding on home leave out of India ;
(aa)[* * *] (b)from his employer or former employer for himself, his spouse and children,
in connection with his proceeding to his home country out of India after
retirement from service in India or after the termination of such service ;”
99.Substituted for sub-clauses (ii) to (v) by the Finance Act, 1988, w.e.f. 1-4-1989.(Contd. from p. 1.43)

(iii) to (v)[Sub-clause (ii) substituted for sub-clauses (ii) to (v) by the Finance
Act, 1988, w.e.f. 1-4-1989;] (vi)the remuneration received by him as an employee of a foreign
enterprise for services rendered by him during his stay in India,
provided the following conditions are fulfilled—
(a)the foreign enterprise is not engaged in any trade or business
in India ;
(b)his stay in India does not exceed in the aggregate a period of
ninety days in such previous year ; and
(c)such remuneration is not liable to be deducted from the
income of the employer chargeable under this Act ;
(via)1
[Omitted by the Finance (No. 2) Act, 1998, w.e.f. 1-4-1999;] (vii)2
[Omitted by the Finance Act, 1993, w.e.f. 1-4-1993;] (viia)3
[Omitted by the Finance (No. 2) Act, 1998, w.e.f. 1-4-1999;] 1.45CH. III – INCOMES WHICH DO NOT FORM PART OF TOTAL INCOMES. 10(6)1.Prior to its omission, sub-clause (via), as inserted by the Taxation Laws (Amendment) Act,
1975, w.e.f. 1-10-1975, read as under :
“(via)the remuneration received by him as an employee of, or a consultant to, an
institution or association or a body established or formed outside India solely for
philanthropic purposes, for services rendered by him in India in connection with
such purposes ; provided that such institution or association or body and the
purposes for which his services are rendered in India are approved by the Central
Government ;”
2.Prior to omission, sub-clause (vii) was amended by the Finance Act, 1964, w.e.f. 1-4-1964,
Finance Act, 1965, w.e.f. 1-4-1965 and Taxation Laws (Amendment) Act, 1970, w.e.f.
1-4-1971.
3.Prior to its omission, sub-clause (viia), as inserted by the Taxation Laws (Amendment) Act,
1970, w.e.f. 1-4-1971 and later on amended by the Direct Taxes (Amendment) Act, 1974,
w.r.e.f. 1-4-1973, Finance Act, 1979, w.e.f. 1-6-1979, Finance Act, 1988, w.e.f. 1-4-1988,
Finance Act, 1992, w.e.f. 1-6-1992 and Finance Act, 1993, w.e.f. 1-4-1993, read as under :
‘(viia)where such individual renders services as a technician in the employment of the
Government or of a local authority or of any corporation set up under any special
law or of any such institution or body established in India for carrying on scientific
research as is approved for the purposes of this sub-clause by the prescribed
authority or in any business carried on in India and the individual was not resident
in India in any of the four financial years immediately preceding the financial year
in which he arrived in India,
the remuneration for such services due to or received by him, which is chargeable
under the head “Salaries”, to the extent mentioned below, namely :—
(I)where such services commence from a date after the 31st day of March, 1971
but before the 1st day of April, 1988,—
(A)such remuneration due to or received by him during the period of
twenty-four months commencing from the date of his arrival in India,
in so far as such remuneration does not exceed an amount calculated
at the rate of four thousand rupees per month, and where the tax on the
excess, if any, of such remuneration for the period aforesaid over the
amount so calculated is paid to the Central Government by the em-
ployer [which tax, in the case of an employer, being a company, may be
paid notwithstanding anything contained in section 200 of the Compa-
nies Act, 1956 (1 of 1956)], also the tax so paid by the employer ; and
(Contd. on p. 1.46)

(viii)any income chargeable under the head “Salaries” received by or
due to any such individual being a non-resident as remuneration
for services rendered in connection with his employment on a
foreign ship where his total stay in India does not exceed in the
aggregate a period of ninety days in the previous year ;
(ix)4
[Omitted by the Finance (No. 2) Act, 1998, w.e.f. 1-4-1999;] S. 10(6)I.T. ACT, 19611.46
(B)where he continues, with the approval of the Central Government
obtained before the 1st day of October of the relevant assessment year,
to remain in employment in India after the expiry of the period of
twenty-four months aforesaid and the tax on his income chargeable
under the head “Salaries” is paid to the Central Government by the
employer [which tax, in the case of an employer, being a company, may
be paid notwithstanding anything contained in section 200 of the
Companies Act, 1956 (1 of 1956)], the tax so paid by the employer for a
period not exceeding twenty-four months next following the expiry of
the first-mentioned twenty-four months ;
(II)where such services commence from a date after the 31st day of March, 1988
but before the 1st day of April, 1993, and tax on his income chargeable under
the head “Salaries” is paid to the Central Government by the employer [which
tax, in the case of an employer, being a company, may be paid notwith-
standing anything contained in section 200 of the Companies Act, 1956 (1 of
1956)], the tax so paid by the employer for a period not exceeding forty-eight
months commencing from the date of his arrival in India :
Provided that the Central Government may, if it considers it necessary or expedient
in the public interest so to do, waive the condition relating to non-residence in India
as specified in this sub-clause in the case of any individual who is employed in India
for designing, erection or commissioning of machinery or plant or supervising
activities connected with such designing, erection or commissioning.
Explanation.—For the purposes of this sub-clause, “technician” means a person
having specialised knowledge and experience in—
(i)constructional or manufacturing operations, or in mining or in the genera-
tion of electricity or any other form of power, or
(ii)agriculture, animal husbandry, dairy farming, deep sea fishing or ship
building, or
(iii)such other field as the Central Government may, having regard to the
availability of Indians having specialised knowledge and experience therein,
the needs of the country and other relevant circumstances, by notification in
the Official Gazette, specify,
who is employed in India in a capacity in which such specialised knowledge and
experience are actually utilised ;’
4.Prior to its omission, sub-clause (ix), as inserted by the Finance Act, 1964, w.e.f. 1-4-1964,
read as under :
‘(ix)any income chargeable under the head “Salaries” received by or due to him during
the thirty-six months commencing from the date of his arrival in India for service
rendered as a professor or other teacher in a University or other educational
institution, and where any such individual continues to remain in employment in
India after the expiry of the thirty-six months aforesaid and the tax on his income
chargeable under the head “Salaries” is paid by the University or other educational
institution concerned to the Central Government, the tax so paid for a period not
exceeding twenty-four months following the expiry of the thirty-six months
aforesaid, provided in either case the following conditions are fulfilled, namely :—(Contd. from p. 1.45)
(Contd. on p. 1.47)

1.47CH. III – INCOMES WHICH DO NOT FORM PART OF TOTAL INCOMES. 10(6A)
(x)5
[Omitted by the Finance (No. 2) Act, 1998, w.e.f. 1-4-1999;] 6
[(xi)the remuneration received by him as an employee of the
Government of a foreign State during his stay in India in
connection with his training in any establishment or office of, or
in any undertaking owned by,—
(i)the Government ; or
(ii)any company in which the entire paid-up share capital is held
by the Central Government, or any State Government or
Governments, or partly by the Central Government and
partly by one or more State Governments ; or
(iii)any company which is a subsidiary of a company referred to
in item (ii) ; or
(iv)any corporation established by or under a Central, State or
Provincial Act ; or
(v)any society registered under the Societies Registration Act,
1860 (14 of 1860), or under any other corresponding law for
the time being in force and wholly financed by the Central
Government, or any State Government or State Govern-
ments, or partly by the Central Government and partly by one
or more State Governments ;] 7
[(6A)where in the case of a foreign company deriving income by way
of royalty or fees for technical services received from Government
or an Indian concern in pursuance of an agreement made by
the foreign company with Government or the Indian concern after
(i)such individual was not resident in any of the four financial years immedi-
ately preceding the financial year in which he arrived in India ; and
(ii)his contract of service is approved by the Central Government—
(a)on or before the 1st day of October, 1964, in the case of a professor or
other teacher whose service commenced before the 1st day of April,1964;
(b)before the commencement of his service or within one year of such
commencement, in any other case ;’
5.Prior to its omission, sub-clause (x), as inserted by the Finance Act, 1964, w.e.f. 1-4-1964,
read as under :
“(x)any sum due to or received by him, during the twenty-four months commencing
from the date of his arrival in India, for undertaking any research work in India,
provided the following conditions are fulfilled, namely :—
(a)the research work is undertaken in connection with a research scheme
approved in this behalf by the Central Government on or before the 1st day
of October of the relevant assessment year ; and
(b)such sum is payable or paid directly or indirectly by the Government of a
foreign State or any institution or association or other body established
outside India ;”
6.Inserted by the Finance Act, 1976, w.e.f. 1-4-1976.
7.Inserted by the Finance Act, 1983, w.e.f. 1-4-1984.(Contd. from p. 1.46)

S. 10(6BB)I.T. ACT, 19611.48
the 31st day of March, 1976 8
[but before the 1st day of June, 2002] 9
[and,—
(a)where the agreement relates to a matter included in the industrial
policy, for the time being in force, of the Government of India,
such agreement is in accordance with that policy ; and
(b)in any other case, the agreement is approved by the Central
Government,
the tax on such income is payable, under the terms of the agreement,
by Government or the Indian concern to the Central Government, the
tax so paid].
Explanation.—For the purposes of this clause 10
[and clause (6B)],—
(a)“fees for technical services” shall have the same meaning as in
Explanation 2 to clause (vii) of sub-section (1) of section 9 ;
(b)“foreign company” shall have the same meaning as in section 80B ;
(c)“royalty” shall have the same meaning as in Explanation 2 to
clause (vi) of sub-section (1) of section 9;] 10
[(6B)where in the case of a non-resident (not being a company) or of a
foreign company deriving income (not being salary, royalty or fees for
technical services) from Government or an Indian concern in pur-
suance of an agreement entered into 11
[before the 1st day of June,
2002] by the Central Government with the Government of a foreign
State or an international organisation, the tax on such income is
payable by Government or the Indian concern to the Central Govern-
ment under the terms of that agreement or any other related agree-
ment approved 11
[before that date] by the Central Government, the
tax so paid ;] 12
[(6BB)where in the case of the Government of a foreign State or a foreign
enterprise deriving income from an Indian company engaged in the
business of operation of aircraft, as a consideration of acquiring an
aircraft or an aircraft engine (other than payment for providing
spares, facilities or services in connection with the operation of leased
aircraft) on lease under 13
[an agreement entered into after the 31st
day of March, 1997 but before the 1st day of April, 1999, or entered8.Inserted by the Finance Act, 2002, w.e.f. 1-4-2003.
9.Substituted for “and approved by the Central Government, the tax on such income is
payable, under the terms of such agreement, by Government or the Indian concern to the
Central Government, the tax so paid” by the Finance Act, 1992, w.e.f. 1-6-1992.
10.Inserted by the Finance Act, 1988, w.e.f. 1-4-1988.
11.Inserted by the Finance Act, 2002, w.e.f. 1-4-2003.
12.Inserted by the Finance Act, 1997, w.e.f. 1-4-1998.
13.Substituted for “an agreement entered after the 31st day of March, 1997 (but before the
1st day of April, 1999) and approved by the Central Government in this behalf” by the
Finance (No. 2) Act, 2004, w.e.f. 1-4-2006. Words “30th day of September, 2005” substituted
for “31st day of March, 2005” by the Finance Act, 2005, w.e.f. 1-4-2006. Earlier the
bracketed words were amended by the Finance Act, 1999, w.e.f. 1-4-2000.

1.49CH. III – INCOMES WHICH DO NOT FORM PART OF TOTAL INCOMES. 10(8A)
into after the 14
[31st day of March, 15
[2007]] and approved by the
Central Government in this behalf] and the tax on such income is
payable by such Indian company under the terms of that agreement
to the Central Government, the tax so paid.
Explanation.—For the purposes of this clause, the expression “foreign
enterprise” means a person who is a non-resident;] 16
[(6C)any income arising to such foreign company, as the Central Govern-
ment may, by notification17
in the Official Gazette, specify in this
behalf, by way of 18
[royalty or] fees for technical services received in
pursuance of an agreement entered into with that Government for
providing services in or outside India in projects connected with
security of India ;] (7)any allowances or perquisites paid or allowed as such outside India by
the Government to a citizen of India for rendering service outside
India ;
(8)in the case of an individual who is assigned to duties in India in
connection with any co-operative technical assistance programmes
and projects in accordance with an agreement entered into by
the Central Government and the Government of a foreign State
(the terms whereof provide for the exemption given by this
clause)—
(a)the remuneration received by him directly or indirectly from the
Government of that foreign State for such duties, and
(b)any other income of such individual which accrues or arises
outside India, and is not deemed to accrue or arise in India,
in respect of which such individual is required to pay any
income or social security tax to the Government of that foreign
State ;
19
[(8A)in the case of a consultant—
(a)any remuneration or fee received by him or it, directly or
indirectly, out of the funds made available to an international
organisation [hereafter referred to in this clause and clause (8B)
as the agency] under a technical assistance grant agreement
between the agency and the Government of a foreign State ; and
(b)any other income which accrues or arises to him or it outside
India, and is not deemed to accrue or arise in India, in respect of
which such consultant is required to pay any income or social
security tax to the Government of the country of his or its origin.14.Substituted for “30th day of September, 2005” by the Taxation Laws (Amendment) Act,
2005, w.e.f. 1-4-2006.
15.Substituted for “2006” by the Finance Act, 2006, w.e.f. 1-4-2007.
16.Inserted by the Direct Tax Laws (Amendment) Act, 1989, w.e.f. 1-4-1989.
17.For notified companies, see Taxmann’s Master Guide to Income-tax Act.
18.Inserted by the Finance Act, 2003, w.e.f. 1-4-2004.
19.Inserted by the Finance (No. 2) Act, 1991, w.e.f. 1-4-1991.

S. 10(9)I.T. ACT, 19611.50
Explanation.—In this clause, “consultant” means—
(i)any individual, who is either not a citizen of India or, being a
citizen of India, is not ordinarily resident in India ; or
(ii)any other person, being a non-resident,
engaged by the agency for rendering technical services in India in
connection with any technical assistance programme or project,
provided the following conditions are fulfilled, namely :—
(1)the technical assistance is in accordance with an agreement
entered into by the Central Government and the agency ; and
(2)the agreement relating to the engagement of the consultant is
approved by the prescribed authority20
for the purposes of this
clause ;
(8B)in the case of an individual who is assigned to duties in India in
connection with any technical assistance programme and project in
accordance with an agreement entered into by the Central Govern-
ment and the agency—
(a)the remuneration received by him, directly or indirectly, for such
duties from any consultant referred to in clause (8A) ; and
(b)any other income of such individual which accrues or arises
outside India, and is not deemed to accrue or arise in India, in
respect of which such individual is required to pay any income or
social security tax to the country of his origin, provided the
following conditions are fulfilled, namely :—
(i)the individual is an employee of the consultant referred
to in clause (8A) and is either not a citizen of India or,
being a citizen of India, is not ordinarily resident in India ;
and
(ii)the contract of service of such individual is approved by the
prescribed authority20
before the commencement of his
service ;] (9)the income of any member of the family of any such individual as is
referred to in clause (8) 21
[or clause (8A) or, as the case may be, clause
(8B)] accompanying him to India, which accrues or arises outside
India, and is not deemed to accrue or arise in India, in respect of which
such member is required to pay any income or social security tax to
the Government of that foreign State 21
[or, as the case may be,
country of origin of such member];20.The prescribed authority under rule 16B is Additional Secretary, Department of
Economic Affairs in Ministry of Finance, Government of India in concurrence with
Member (Income-tax), CBDT.
21.Inserted by the Finance (No. 2) Act, 1991, w.e.f. 1-4-1991.

22
[23
(10)24
(i) any death-cum-retirement gratuity received under the revised
Pension Rules of the Central Government or, as the case may be, the
Central Civil Services (Pension) Rules, 1972, or under any similar
scheme applicable to the members of the civil services of the Union
or holders of posts connected with defence or of civil posts under the
Union (such members or holders being persons not governed by
the said Rules) or to the members of the all-India services or to the
members of the civil services of a State or holders of civil posts under
a State or to the employees of a local authority or any payment of
retiring gratuity received under the Pension Code or Regulations
applicable to the members of the defence services ;
(ii) any gratuity received under the Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972 (39
of 1972), to the extent it does not exceed an amount calculated in
accordance with the provisions of sub-sections (2) and (3) of section
425
of that Act ;
(iii) any other gratuity received by an employee on his retirement or
on his becoming incapacitated prior to such retirement or on termi-
nation of his employment, or any gratuity received by his widow,
children or dependants on his death, to the extent it does not, in either
case, exceed one-half month’s salary for each year of completed
service26
, 27
[calculated on the basis of the average salary for the ten
months immediately preceding the month in which any such event
occurs, subject to such limit28
as the Central Government may, by
notification in the Official Gazette, specify in this behalf having regard
to the limit applicable in this behalf to the employees of that Govern-
ment] :
Provided that where any gratuities referred to in this clause29
are
received by an employee from more than one employer in the same 1.51CH. III – INCOMES WHICH DO NOT FORM PART OF TOTAL INCOMES. 10(10)22.Substituted by the Finance Act, 1974, w.e.f. 1-4-1975. Original clause was amended first
by the Finance Act, 1972, w.e.f. 1-4-1973 and then by the Finance Act, 1974, with
retrospective effect from 1-6-1972/1-4-1962.
23.See also Letter F. No. 1(179)-62/TPL, dated 13-12-1962 and Letter F. No. 194/6/73-IT
(A-I), dated 19-6-1973. For details, see Taxmann’s Master Guide to Income-tax Act.
24.For relevant case laws, see Taxmann’s Master Guide to Income-tax Act.
25.For text of sub-sections (2) and (3) of section 4 of the Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972, see
Appendix.
The limit laid down under section 4(3) of the Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972 [as amended
by the Payment of Gratuity (Amendment) Act, 1998, w.r.e.f. 24-9-1997] is Rs. 3,50,000.
26.For the meaning of the expression “each year of completed service”, see Taxmann’s Direct
Taxes Manual, Vol. 3.
27.Substituted for “calculated on the basis of the average salary for the three years
immediately preceding the year in which the gratuity is paid, subject to a maximum of
*thirty-six thousand rupees or twenty months’ salary so calculated, whichever is less” by
the Direct Tax Laws (Amendment) Act, 1987, w.e.f. 1-4-1989.
*Substituted for “thirty thousand rupees” by the Finance Act, 1983, w.r.e.f. 1-4-1982.
28.Rs. 3,50,000 has been specified as the limit in case of retirement, etc., on or after 24-9-1997
vide Notification No. 10772 [F. No. 200/77/97-IT(A-I)], dated 20-1-1999. For details, see
Taxmann’s Master Guide to Income-tax Act.
29.For meaning of the expression “this clause”, see Taxmann’s Direct Taxes Manual, Vol. 3.

previous year, the aggregate amount exempt from income-tax under
this clause 30
[shall not exceed the limit so specified] :
Provided further that where any such gratuity or gratuities was or
were received in any one or more earlier previous years also and the
whole or any part of the amount of such gratuity or gratuities was not
included in the total income of the assessee of such previous year or
years, the amount exempt from income-tax under this clause 30
[shall
not exceed the limit so specified] as reduced by the amount or, as the
case may be, the aggregate amount not included in the total income
of any such previous year or years.
31
[* * *] Explanation.—32
[In this clause, and in clause (10AA)], “salary” shall
have the meaning assigned to it in clause (h) of rule 2 of Part A of the
Fourth Schedule ;] 33
[34
(10A)35
(i) any payment in commutation of pension received under the Civil
Pensions (Commutation) Rules of the Central Government or under
any similar scheme applicable 36
[to the members of the civil services
of the Union or holders of posts connected with defence or of civil
posts under the Union (such members or holders being persons not
governed by the said Rules) or to the members of the all-India services
or to the members of the defence services or to the members of the
civil services of a State or holders of civil posts under a State or to the
employees of a local authority] or a corporation established by a
Central, State or Provincial Act ;
(ii) any payment in commutation of pension received under any
scheme of any other employer, to the extent it does not exceed—
(a)in a case where the employee receives any gratuity, the com-
muted value of one-third of the pension which he is normally
entitled to receive, and
(b)in any other case, the commuted value of one-half of such
pension, S. 10(10A)I.T. ACT, 19611.5230.Substituted for “shall not exceed *thirty-six thousand rupees” by the Direct Tax Laws
(Amendment) Act, 1987, w.e.f. 1-4-1989.
*Substituted for “thirty thousand rupees” by the Finance Act, 1983, w.r.e.f. 1-4-1982.
31.Omitted by the Direct Tax Laws (Amendment) Act, 1987, w.e.f. 1-4-1989. Original third and
fourth provisos were inserted by the Finance Act, 1983, w.r.e.f. 1-4-1982.
32.Substituted for “In this clause” by the Direct Tax Laws (Amendment) Act, 1987, w.e.f.
1-4-1989.
33.Inserted by the Finance (No. 2) Act, 1965, w.r.e.f. 1-4-1962.
34.See also Circular No. 286, dated 17-11-1980 and Circular No. 623, dated 6-1-1992. For
details, see Taxmann’s Master Guide to Income-tax Act.
35.For relevant case laws, see Taxmann’s Master Guide to Income-tax Act.
36.Substituted for “to the members of the Defence Services or to the employees of a State
Government, a local authority” by the Finance Act, 1974, w.r.e.f. 1-4-1962.

such commuted value being determined having regard to the age of
the recipient, the state of his health, the rate of interest and officially
recognised tables of mortality ;
37
[* * *] 38
[(iii) any payment in commutation of pension received from a fund
under clause (23AAB) ;] 39
[40
(10AA)(i) any payment received by an employee of the Central Government
or a State Government as the cash equivalent of the leave salary in
respect of the period of earned leave at his credit at the time of his
41
retirement 42
[whether] on superannuation or otherwise ;
(ii) any payment of the nature referred to in sub-clause (i) received
by an employee, other than an employee of the Central Government
or a State Government, in respect of so much of the period of earned
leave at his credit at the time of his retirement 42
[whether] on
superannuation 41
or otherwise as does not exceed 43
[ten] months,
calculated on the basis of the average salary drawn by the employee
during the period of ten months immediately preceding his retire-
ment 42
[whether] on superannuation or otherwise, 44
[subject to such
limit as the Central Government may, by notification in the Official
Gazette, specify in this behalf having regard to the limit45
applicable
in this behalf to the employees of that Government] :
Provided that where any such payments are received by an employee
from more than one employer in the same previous year, the aggre-
gate amount exempt from income-tax under this sub-clause 46
[shall
not exceed the limit so specified] :
Provided further that where any such payment or payments was or
were received in any one or more earlier previous years also and the
whole or any part of the amount of such payment or payments was 1.53CH. III – INCOMES WHICH DO NOT FORM PART OF TOTAL INCOMES. 10(10AA)37.Omitted by the Direct Tax Laws (Amendment) Act, 1987, w.e.f. 1-4-1989.
38.Inserted by the Finance (No. 2) Act, 1996, w.e.f. 1-4-1997.
39.Inserted by the Finance Act, 1982, w.r.e.f. 1-4-1978.
40.For relevant case laws, see Taxmann’s Master Guide to Income-tax Act.
41.For the meaning of the terms “retirement”, and “or otherwise” see Taxmann’s Direct Taxes
Manual, Vol. 3.
42.Inserted by the Taxation Laws (Amendment) Act, 1984, w.r.e.f. 1-4-1978.
43.Substituted for “eight” by the Finance Act, 1999, w.r.e.f. 1-4-1998. Earlier “eight” was
substituted for “six” by the Direct Tax Laws (Amendment) Act, 1987, w.r.e.f. 1-7-1986.
44.Substituted for “or thirty thousand rupees, whichever is less” by the Direct Tax Laws
(Amendment) Act, 1987, w.r.e.f. 1-7-1986.
45.Specified exemption limit applicable in relation to employees who retire, whether on
superannuation or otherwise, after 1-4-1998 : Rs. 3,00,000 – Notification No. SO 588(E),
dated 31-5-2002. For details, see Taxmann’s Master Guide to Income-tax Act.
46.Substituted for “shall not exceed thirty thousand rupees” by the Direct Tax Laws
(Amendment) Act, 1987, w.r.e.f. 1-7-1986.

S. 10(10B)I.T. ACT, 19611.54
or were not included in the total income of the assessee of such
previous year or years, the amount exempt from income-tax under
this sub-clause 47
[shall not exceed the limit so specified], as reduced
by the amount or, as the case may be, the aggregate amount not
included in the total income of any such previous year or years.
48
[* * *] Explanation.—For the purposes of sub-clause (ii),—
49
[* * *] the entitlement to earned leave of an employee shall not exceed
thirty days for every year of actual service rendered by him as an
employee of the employer from whose service he has retired ;
50
[* * *] 51
[(10B)any compensation received by a workman under the Industrial
Disputes Act, 1947 (14 of 1947), or under any other Act or Rules,
orders or notifications issued thereunder or under any standing
orders or under any award, contract of service or otherwise, 52
[at the
time of his retrenchment :
Provided that the amount exempt under this clause shall notexceed—
(i)an amount calculated in accordance with the provisions of
53
clause (b) of section 25F of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 (14
of 1947) ; or
54
[(ii)such amount, not being less than fifty thousand rupees, as the
Central Government may, by notification55
in the Official
Gazette, specify in this behalf,] whichever is less :47.Substituted for “shall not exceed thirty thousand rupees” by the Direct Tax Laws
(Amendment) Act, 1987, w.r.e.f. 1-7-1986.
48.Third and fourth provisos omitted by the Direct Tax Laws (Amendment) Act, 1987, w.r.e.f.
1-7-1986. Prior to their omission, the third and fourth provisos were amended by the
Taxation Laws (Amendment) Act, 1984, w.r.e.f. 1-4-1978.
49.“(i)” omitted by the Direct Tax Laws (Amendment) Act, 1987, w.r.e.f. 1-7-1986.
50.Clause (ii) omitted, ibid.
51.Inserted by the Finance Act, 1975, w.e.f. 1-4-1976.
52.Substituted for the following by the Finance Act, 1985, w.e.f. 1-4-1986 :
“at the time of his retrenchment, to the extent such compensation does not exceed—
(i)an amount calculated in accordance with the provisions of clause (b) of section 25F
of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 (14 of 1947) ; or
(ii)twenty thousand rupees,
whichever is less.”
53.Clause (b) of section 25F of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947, read as follows :
“(b)the workman has been paid, at the time of retrenchment, compensation which shall
be equivalent to fifteen days’ average pay for every completed year of continuous
service or any part thereof in excess of six months ; and”
54.Substituted by the Direct Tax Laws (Amendment) Act, 1987, w.e.f. 1-4-1989.
55.Maximum limit is Rs. 5,00,000 where retrenchment is on or after 1-1-1997 – Notification
No. 10969 [F. No. 200/21/97-IT(A-I)], dated 25-6-1999.

Provided further that the preceding proviso shall not apply in respect
of any compensation received by a workman in accordance with any
scheme which the Central Government may, having regard to the
need for extending special protection to the workmen in the under-
taking to which such scheme applies and other relevant circum-
stances, approve in this behalf.] Explanation.—For the purposes of this clause—
(a)compensation received by a workman at the time of the closing
down of the undertaking in which he is employed shall be deemed
to be compensation received at the time of his retrenchment ;
(b)compensation received by a workman, at the time of the transfer
(whether by agreement or by operation of law) of the ownership
or management of the undertaking in which he is employed from
the employer in relation to that undertaking to a new employer,
shall be deemed to be compensation received at the time of his
retrenchment if—
(i)the service of the workman has been interrupted by such
transfer ; or
(ii)the terms and conditions of service applicable to the work-
man after such transfer are in any way less favourable to the
workman than those applicable to him immediately before
the transfer ; or
(iii)the new employer is, under the terms of such transfer or
otherwise, legally not liable to pay to the workman, in the
event of his retrenchment, compensation on the basis that his
service has been continuous and has not been interrupted by
the transfer ;
56
(c)the expressions “employer” and “workman” shall have the
same meanings as in the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 (14 of
1947);] 57
[(10BB)any payments made under the Bhopal Gas Leak Disaster (Processing
of Claims) Act, 1985 (21 of 1985), and any scheme framed thereunder
except payment made to any assessee in connection with the Bhopal
Gas Leak Disaster to the extent such assessee has been allowed a
deduction under this Act on account of any loss or damage caused to
him by such disaster ;] 58
[(10BC)any amount received or receivable from the Central Government or
a State Government or a local authority by an individual or his legal
heir by way of compensation on account of any disaster, except the
amount received or receivable to the extent such individual or his 1.55CH. III – INCOMES WHICH DO NOT FORM PART OF TOTAL INCOMES. 10(10BC)56.For text of clause (g) and clause (s) of section 2 of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947, defining
“employer” and “workman”, respectively, see Appendix.
57.Inserted by the Finance Act, 1992, w.e.f. 1-4-1992.
58.Inserted by the Finance Act, 2007, w.r.e.f. 1-4-2005.

legal heir has been allowed a deduction under this Act on account of
any loss or damage caused by such disaster.
Explanation.—For the purposes of this clause, the expression “disas-
ter” shall have the meaning assigned to it under clause (d) of sec-
tion259
of the Disaster Management Act, 2005 (53 of 2005);] 60
[(10C)61
any amount received62
63
[or receivable] by an employee of—
(i)a public sector company ; or
(ii)any other company ; or
(iii)an authority established under a Central, State or Provincial Act ;
or
(iv)a local 64
[authority ; or] 65
[(v)a co-operative society ; or
(vi)a University established or incorporated by or under a Central,
State or Provincial Act and an institution declared to be a
University under section 3 of the University Grants Commission
Act, 1956 (3 of 1956) ; or
(vii)an Indian Institute of Technology within the meaning of clause
(g) of section 366
of the Institutes of Technology Act, 1961 (59 of
1961) ; or
67
[(viia)any State Government; or] 68
[(viib)the Central Government; or] 69
[(viic)an institution, having importance throughout India or in any
State or States, as the Central Government may, by notification
in the Official Gazette70
, specify in this behalf; or] (viii)such institute of management as the Central Government may,
by notification71
in the Official Gazette, specify in this behalf,] S. 10(10C)I.T. ACT, 19611.5659.For the definition of term “disaster”, see Appendix.
60.Substituted by the Finance Act, 1993, w.e.f. 1-4-1993. Prior to substitution, clause (10C) was
inserted by the Finance Act, 1987, w.e.f. 1-4-1987 and later substituted by the Finance Act,
1992, w.e.f. 1-4-1993.
61.See also Circular No. 640, dated 26-11-1992 and Circular F. No. 184/7/2003-ITAT, dated
4-3-2004. For details, see Taxmann’s Master Guide to Income-tax Act.
62.For the meaning of expression “amount received”, see Taxmann’s Direct Taxes Manual,
Vol. 3.
63.Inserted by the Finance Act, 2003, w.e.f. 1-4-2004.
64.Substituted for “authority,” by the Finance Act, 1994, w.e.f. 1-4-1995.
65.Inserted, ibid.
66.Clause (g) of section 3 of the Institutes of Technology Act, 1961, defines “Institute” as
follows :
‘(g)“Institute” means any of the Institutions mentioned in section 2 and includes the
Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, incorporated under the Indian Institute
of Technology (Kharagpur) Act, 1956 (5 of 1956);’
67.Inserted by the Finance Act, 2001, w.e.f. 1-4-2001.
68.Inserted, ibid., w.e.f. 1-4-2002.
69.Inserted by the Finance Act, 2002, w.e.f. 1-4-2002.
70.For notified institutions, see Taxmann’s Master Guide to Income-tax Act.
71.For notified Institutes of Management, see Taxmann’s Master Guide to Income-tax Act.

1.57CH. III – INCOMES WHICH DO NOT FORM PART OF TOTAL INCOMES. 10(10CC)
72
[on his] 73
[voluntary retirement or termination of his service, in
accordance with any scheme or schemes of voluntary retirement or
in the case of a public sector company referred to in sub-clause (i), a
scheme of voluntary separation, to the extent such amount does not
exceed five lakh rupees] :
Provided that the schemes of the said companies or authorities 74
[or
societies or Universities or the Institutes referred to in sub-clauses
(vii) and (viii)], as the case may be, governing the payment of such
amount are framed in accordance with such guidelines (including
inter alia criteria of economic viability) as may be 75
prescribed
76
[***]:
Provided further that where exemption has been allowed to an
employee under this clause for any assessment year, no exemption
thereunder shall be allowed to him in relation to any other assessment
year ;] 77
[(10CC)in the case of an employee, being an individual deriving income in the
nature of a perquisite, not provided for by way of monetary payment,
within the meaning of clause (2) of section 17, the tax on such income
actually paid by his employer, at the option of the employer, on behalf
of such employee, notwithstanding anything contained in section
20078
of the Companies Act, 1956 (1 of 1956);]72.Substituted for “at the time of his” by the Finance Act, 2003, w.e.f. 1-4-2004.
73.Substituted for “voluntary retirement, in accordance with any scheme or schemes of
voluntary retirement, to the extent such amount does not exceed five lakh rupees” by the
Finance Act, 2000, w.e.f. 1-4-2001.
74.Inserted by the Finance Act, 1994, w.e.f. 1-4-1995.
75.Rule 2BA prescribes requirements for a Scheme of Voluntary Retirement, which are as
follows :
(1) It applies to an employee who has completed ten years of service or completed 40 years
of age. This condition is not applicable in case of amount received by an employee of a
public sector company under scheme of voluntary separation framed by the said
company. (2) It applies to all employees (by whatever name called), including workers and
executives of the company/authority/co-operative society excepting directors of the
company/co-operative society. (3) The scheme of voluntary retirement/separation has
been drawn to result in overall reduction in the existing strength of the employees. (4) The
vacancy caused by voluntary retirement/separation is not to be filled up, nor, the retiring
employee is to be employed in another company or concern belonging to the same
management. (5) The amount receivable on account of voluntary retirement/separation
of the employees, does not exceed the amount equivalent to three months’ salary for each
completed year of service or salary at the time of retirement multiplied by the balance
months of service left before the date of his retirement on superannuation.
76.Words “and such schemes in relation to companies referred to in sub-clause (ii) or co-
operative societies referred to in sub-clause (v) are approved by the Chief Commissioner
or, as the case may be, Director-General in this behalf” omitted by the Finance Act, 2000,
w.e.f. 1-4-2001. Earlier the quoted words were amended by the Finance Act, 1994, w.e.f.
1-4-1995.
77.Inserted by the Finance Act, 2002, w.e.f. 1-4-2003.
78.For text of section 200 of the Companies Act, 1956, see Appendix.

79
[(10D)any sum received under a life insurance policy, including the sum
allocated by way of bonus on such policy, other than—
(a)any sum received under sub-section (3) of section 80DD or sub-
section (3) of section 80DDA*; or
(b)any sum received under a Keyman insurance policy; or
(c)any sum received under an insurance policy issued on or after the
1st day of April, 2003 in respect of which the premium payable for
any of the years during the term of the policy exceeds twenty per
cent of the actual capital sum assured:
Provided that the provisions of this sub-clause shall not apply to
any sum received on the death of a person:
Provided further that for the purpose of calculating the actual
capital sum assured under this sub-clause, effect shall be given
to the 80
[Explanation to sub-section (3) of section 80C or the
Explanation to sub-section (2A) of section 88, as the case may be].
Explanation.—For the purposes of this clause, “Keyman insurance
policy” means a life insurance policy taken by a person on the life of
another person who is or was the employee of the first-mentioned
person or is or was connected in any manner whatsoever with the
business of the first-mentioned person;] (11)any payment from a provident fund to which the Provident Funds
Act, 1925 (19 of 1925), applies 81
[or from any other provident fund set
up by the Central Government and notified82
by it in this behalf in the
Official Gazette];
(12)the accumulated balance due and becoming payable to an employee
participating in a recognised provident fund, to the extent provided in
rule 8 of Part A of the Fourth Schedule ;
83
[(13)any payment from an approved superannuation fund made— S. 10(13)I.T. ACT, 19611.5879.Substituted by the Finance Act, 2003, w.e.f. 1-4-2004. Prior to its substitution, clause (10D),
as inserted by the Finance (No. 2) Act, 1991, w.r.e.f. 1-4-1962, and later on amended by the
Finance Act, 1995, w.e.f. 1-4-1996 and Finance (No. 2) Act, 1996, w.e.f. 1-10-1996, read as
under :
‘(10D)any sum received under a life insurance policy, including the sum allocated by
way of bonus on such policy other than any sum received under sub-section (3)
of section 80DDA or under a Keyman insurance policy.
Explanation.—For the purposes of this clause, “Keyman insurance policy” means
a life insurance policy taken by a person on the life of another person who is or
was the employee of the first mentioned person or is or was connected in any
manner whatsoever with the business of the first mentioned person;’
80.Substituted for “Explanation to sub-section (2A) of section 88” by the Finance Act, 2005,
w.e.f. 1-4-2006.
81.Inserted by the Finance Act, 1968, w.e.f. 1-4-1969.
82.For notified public provident fund, see Notification No. SO 2430, dated 2-7-1968. For
details, see Taxmann’s Master Guide to Income-tax Act.
83.Substituted by the Finance Act, 1965, w.r.e.f. 1-4-1962.
*With effect from 1-4-2004, section 80DD has been substituted for sections 80DD & 80DDA.

(i)on the death of a beneficiary ; or
(ii)to an employee in lieu of or in commutation of an annuity on his
retirement at or after a specified age or on his becoming incapa-
citated prior to such retirement ; or
(iii)by way of refund of contributions on the death of a beneficiary ;
or
(iv)by way of refund of contributions to an employee on his leaving
the service in connection with which the fund is established
otherwise than by retirement at or after a specified age or on
his becoming incapacitated prior to such retirement, to the
extent to which such payment does not exceed the contributions
made prior to the commencement of this Act and any interest
thereon;] 84
[85
(13A)any special allowance specifically granted to an assessee by his
employer to meet expenditure actually incurred on payment of rent
(by whatever name called) in respect of residential accommoda-
tion occupied by the assessee, to such extent 86
[* * *] as may be
prescribed87
having regard to the area or place in which such accom-
modation is situate and other relevant considerations.] 88
[Explanation.—For the removal of doubts, it is hereby declared that
nothing contained in this clause shall apply in a case where— 1.59CH. III – INCOMES WHICH DO NOT FORM PART OF TOTAL INCOMES. 10(13A)84.Inserted by the Direct Taxes (Amendment) Act, 1964, w.e.f. 6-10-1964.
85.See also Circular No. 90, dated 26-6-1972, Letter F. No. 12/19/64-IT (A-I), dated
2-1-1967 and Circular No. 9/2003, dated 18-11-2003. For details, see Taxmann’s Master
Guide to Income-tax Act.
86.“(not exceeding four hundred rupees per month)” omitted by the Finance Act, 1986, w.e.f.
1-4-1987. Earlier, in this omitted expression “four” was substituted for “three” by the
Finance Act, 1975, w.e.f. 1-4-1975.
87.Rule 2A prescribes the quantum of exemption available, which will be the least of the
following : Bombay/Calcutta/Delhi/MadrasOther CitiesnAllowance actually receivednAllowance actually receivednRent paid in excess of 10% of salarynRent paid in excess of 10% of salary
n50 per cent of salaryn40 per cent of salary
‘Salary’ for this purpose includes basic salary as well as dearness allowance if the terms
of employment so provide. It also includes commission based on a fixed percentage of
turnover achieved by an employee as per terms of contract of employment but excludes
all other allowances and perquisites. In view of Explanation (ii) to rule 2A, basic pay,
dearness allowance and commission are determined on ‘due’ basis in respect of the period
during which rental accommodation is occupied by the employee in the previous year.
Thus, emoluments of a period other than previous year are not to be considered, even
though such amount is received (as well as taxed) during the previous year. Again,
emoluments of the period during which rental accommodation is not occupied in the
previous year are left out of computation. It is important to note that where rent paid is
10 per cent or less than 10 per cent of salary, no exemption will be admissible. Again
exemption is denied where an employee lives in his own house, or in a house for which he
does not pay rent.
88.Inserted by the Taxation Laws (Amendment) Act, 1984, w.r.e.f. 1-4-1976.

(a)the residential accommodation occupied by the assessee is owned
by him ; or
(b)the assessee has not actually incurred expenditure on payment of
rent (by whatever name called) in respect of the residential
accommodation occupied by him ;] 89
[(14)(i) any such special allowance or benefit, not being in the nature of a
perquisite within the meaning of clause (2) of section 17, specifically
granted to meet expenses wholly, necessarily and exclusively
incurred90
in the performance of the duties of an office or employ-
ment of profit91
, 92
[as may be prescribed], to the extent to which such
expenses are actually incurred for that purpose ;
(ii) any such allowance granted to the assessee either to meet his
personal expenses at the place where the duties of his office or
employment of profit91
are ordinarily performed by him or at the
place where he ordinarily resides, or to compensate him for the
increased cost of living, 93
[as may be prescribed and to the extent as
may be prescribed] :] 94
[Provided that nothing in sub-clause (ii) shall apply to any allowance
in the nature of personal allowance granted to the assessee to
remunerate or compensate him for performing duties of a special
nature relating to his office or employment unless such allowance is
related to the place of his posting or residence ;] (14A)95
[***] S. 10(14A)I.T. ACT, 19611.6089.Substituted by the Direct Tax Laws (Amendment) Act, 1987, w.e.f. 1-4-1989. Prior to its
substitution, clause (14) was amended by the Finance Act, 1975, w.r.e.f. 1-4-1962.
90.For the meaning of the terms/expressions “incurred” and “office or employment of profit”,
see Taxmann’s Direct Taxes Manual, Vol. 3.
91.For the meaning of the expression “office or employment of profit”, see Taxmann’s Direct
Taxes Manual, Vol. 3.
92.Substituted for “as the Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette,
specify” by the Finance Act, 1995, w.e.f. 1-7-1995.
For prescribed allowances, see rule 2BB(1).
93.Substituted for “as the Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette,
specify, to the extent specified in the notification” by the Finance Act, 1995, w.e.f. 1-7-1995.
For prescribed allowances, see rule 2BB(2).
94.Inserted by the Direct Tax Laws (Second Amendment) Act, 1989, w.e.f. 1-4-1989.
95.Omitted by the Finance Act, 2002, w.e.f. 1-4-2003. Prior to its omission, clause (14A), as
inserted by the Finance Act, 1989, w.e.f. 1-4-1989, read as under :
‘(14A)any income received by a public financial institution as exchange risk premium
from any person borrowing foreign currency from such institution, provided the
amount of such premium is credited by such institution to a fund specified under
clause (23E).
Explanation.—For the purposes of this clause,—
(i)the expression “public financial institution” shall have the meaning assigned
to it in section 4A of the Companies Act, 1956 (1 of 1956) ;
(ii)the expression “exchange risk premium” means a premium paid by a person
borrowing foreign currency from a public financial institution to cover the
risk which may be borne by such institution on account of fluctuations in
exchange rate of foreign currencies borrowed by such institution ;’

(15)96
[(i) income by way of interest, premium on redemption or other
payment on such securities, bonds, annuity certificates, savings
certificates, other certificates issued by the Central Government and
deposits as the Central Government may, by notification97
in the
Official Gazette, specify in this behalf, subject to such conditions and
limits as may be specified in the said notification ;] 98
[(iib) 99
[in the case of an individual or a Hindu undivided family,] interest on such Capital Investment Bonds as the Central Government
may, by notification1
in the Official Gazette, specify in this behalf :] 2
[Provided that the Central Government shall not specify, for the
purposes of this sub-clause, such Capital Investment Bonds on or
after the 1st day of June, 2002;] 3
[(iic) in the case of an individual or a Hindu undivided family, interest
on such Relief Bonds4
as the Central Government may, by notification
in the Official Gazette, specify in this behalf ;] 5
[(iid) interest on such bonds, as the Central Government may, by
notification6
in the Official Gazette, specify, arising to—
(a)a non-resident Indian, being an individual owning the bonds ; or
(b)any individual owning the bonds by virtue of being a nominee or
survivor of the non-resident Indian ; or
(c)any individual to whom the bonds have been gifted by the non-
resident Indian :
Provided that the aforesaid bonds are purchased by a non-resident
Indian in foreign exchange and the interest and principal received in
respect of such bonds, whether on their maturity or otherwise, is not
allowable to be taken out of India :
Provided further that where an individual, who is a non-resident
Indian in any previous year in which the bonds are acquired, becomes
a resident in India in any subsequent year, the provisions of this sub-
clause shall continue to apply in relation to such individual : 1.61CH. III – INCOMES WHICH DO NOT FORM PART OF TOTAL INCOMES. 10(15)96.Substituted for sub-clauses (i), (ia), (ib), (ii) and (iia) by the Direct Tax Laws (Amendment)
Act, 1987, w.e.f. 1-4-1989. Original sub-clauses (ia) and (ib) were inserted by the Taxation
Laws (Amendment & Miscellaneous Provisions) Act, 1965, w.e.f. 4-12-1965 and Special
Bearer Bonds (Immunities & Exemptions) Act, 1981, w.e.f. 12-1-1981, respectively ; sub-
clause (ii) was amended by the Finance (No. 2) Act, 1965, w.e.f. 11-9-1965, the Finance Act,
1979, w.e.f. 1-4-1980 and the Finance Act, 1987, w.r.e.f. 1-4-1983 ; and sub-clause (iia) was
inserted by the Finance Act, 1968, w.e.f. 1-4-1969.
97.For notified securities, bonds, annuity certificates, savings certificates, etc., see Taxmann’s
Master Guide to Income-tax Act.
98.Inserted by the Finance Act, 1982, w.e.f. 1-4-1983.
99.Inserted by the Finance Act, 1983, w.e.f. 1-4-1983.
1.For notified capital investment bonds, see Taxmann’s Master Guide to Income-tax Act.
2.Inserted by the Finance Act, 2002, w.e.f. 1-4-2003.
3.Inserted by the Finance Act, 1988, w.e.f. 1-4-1989.
4.For details see Taxmann’s Master Guide to Income-tax Act.
5.Inserted by the Direct Tax Laws (Amendment) Act, 1989, w.e.f. 1-4-1989.
6.For specified NRI bonds, see Taxmann’s Master Guide to Income-tax Act.

Provided also that in a case where the bonds are encashed in a
previous year prior to their maturity by an individual who is so
entitled, the provisions of this sub-clause shall not apply to such
individual in relation to the assessment year relevant to such previous
year :
7
[Provided also that the Central Government shall not specify, for the
purposes of this sub-clause, such bonds on or after the 1st day of June,
2002.] Explanation.—For the purposes of this sub-clause, the expression
“non-resident Indian” shall have the meaning assigned to it in clause
(e) of section 115C;] (iii) interest on securities held by the Issue Department of the Central
Bank of Ceylon constituted under the Ceylon Monetary Law Act,1949;
8
[(iiia) interest payable to any bank incorporated in a country outside
India and authorised to perform central banking functions in that
country on any deposits made by it, with the approval of the Reserve
Bank of India, with any scheduled bank.
Explanation.—For the purposes of this sub-clause, “scheduled
bank” shall have the meaning assigned to it in 9
[clause (ii) of the
Explanation to clause (viia) of sub-section (1) of section 36];] 10
[(iiib) interest payable to the Nordic Investment Bank, being a
multilateral financial institution constituted by the Governments of
Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden, on a loan advanced
by it to a project approved by the Central Government in terms of the
Memorandum of Understanding entered into by the Central
Government with that Bank on the 25th day of November, 1986;] 11
[(iiic) interest payable to the European Investment Bank, on a loan
granted by it in pursuance of the framework-agreement for financial
co-operation entered into on the 25th day of November, 1993 by the
Central Government with that Bank;] (iv) interest payable—
12
[(a)by Government or a local authority on moneys borrowed by
it before the 1st day of June, 2001 from, or debts owed by it
before the 1st day of June, 2001 to, sources outside India;] (b)by an industrial undertaking in India on moneys borrowed
by it under 13
[a loan agreement entered into before the 1st day S. 10(15)I.T. ACT, 19611.627.Inserted by the Finance Act, 2002, w.e.f. 1-4-2003.
8.Inserted by the Finance Act, 1985, w.e.f. 1-4-1985.
9.Substituted for “the Explanation to clause (iii) of sub-section (5) of section 11” by the Direct
Tax Laws (Amendment) Act, 1987, w.e.f. 1-4-1989.
10.Inserted by the Taxation Laws (Amendment) Act, 2003, w.r.e.f. 1-4-2001.
11.Inserted by the Finance (No. 2) Act, 2004, w.e.f. 1-4-2005.
12.Substituted by the Finance Act, 2001, w.e.f. 1-4-2002. Prior to its substitution, item (a), as
amended by the Finance Act, 1983, w.e.f. 1-4-1983, read as under :
“(a)by Government or a local authority on moneys borrowed by it from, or debts owed
by it to, sources outside India ;”
13.Substituted for “a loan agreement entered into with any such financial institution” by the
Finance Act, 2001, w.e.f. 1-4-2002.

of June, 2001 with any such financial institution] in a foreign
country as may be approved14
in this behalf by the Central
Government by general or special order ;
15
(c)by an industrial undertaking in India on any moneys
borrowed or debt incurred by it 16
[before the 1st day of June,
2001] in a foreign country in respect of the purchase outside
India of raw materials 17
[or components] or capital plant and
machinery, 18
[to the extent to which such interest does not
exceed the amount of interest calculated at the rate approved
by the Central Government in this behalf19
, having regard to
the terms of the loan or debt and its repayment.] 20
[21
[Explanation 1.]—For the purposes of this item, “purchase
of capital plant and machinery” includes the purchase of such
capital plant and machinery under a hire-purchase agree-
ment or a lease agreement with an option to purchase such
plant and machinery.] 22
[Explanation 2.—For the removal of doubts, it is hereby
declared that the usance interest payable outside India by an
undertaking engaged in the business of ship-breaking in
respect of purchase of a ship from outside India shall be
deemed to be the interest payable on a debt incurred in a
foreign country in respect of the purchase outside India;] 23
[(d)by the Industrial Finance Corporation of India established by
the Industrial Finance Corporation Act, 1948 (15 of 1948), or
the Industrial Development Bank of India established under
the Industrial Development Bank of India Act, 1964 (18 of
1964), 24
[or the Export-Import Bank of India established
under the Export-Import Bank of India Act, 1981 (28 of
1981),] 25
[or the National Housing Bank established under
section 3 of the National Housing Bank Act, 1987 (53 of 1987),] 1.63CH. III – INCOMES WHICH DO NOT FORM PART OF TOTAL INCOMES. 10(15)14.For approved institutions, see Taxmann’s Master Guide to Income-tax Act.
15.See also Letter [F. No. 21/221/64-IT(A-I)], dated 24-8-1964. For details, see Taxmann’s
Master Guide to Income-tax Act. For form of application for obtaining exemption, refer
Taxmann’s Direct Taxes Circulars.
16.Inserted by the Finance Act, 2001, w.e.f. 1-4-2002.
17.Inserted by the Finance Act, 1983, w.e.f. 1-4-1983.
18.Substituted for “in any case where the loan or debt is approved by the Central Govern-
ment, having regard to its terms generally and in particular to the terms of its repayment”
by the Finance Act, 1964, w.e.f. 1-4-1964.
19.For the meaning of the term “in this behalf”, see Taxmann’s Direct Taxes Manual, Vol. 3.
20.Inserted by the Finance Act, 1983, w.e.f. 1-4-1983.
21.Explanation renumbered as Explanation 1 by the Taxation Laws (Amendment) Act, 2003,
w.r.e.f. 1-4-1962.
22.Inserted, ibid.
23.Inserted by the Direct Taxes (Amendment) Act, 1974, w.r.e.f. 1-4-1973.
24.Inserted by the Finance Act, 1983, w.e.f. 1-4-1983.
25.Inserted by the Finance (No. 2) Act, 1991, w.e.f. 1-4-1991.

26
[or the Small Industries Development Bank of India estab-
lished under section 3 of the Small Industries Development
Bank of India Act, 1989 (39 of 1989),] or the Industrial Credit
and Investment Corporation of India [a company formed and
registered under the Indian Companies Act, 1913 (7 of 1913)],
on any moneys borrowed by it from sources outside India
27
[before the 1st day of June, 2001], to the extent to which such
interest does not exceed the amount of interest calculated at
the rate approved by the Central Government in this behalf,
having regard to the terms of the loan and its repayment;] 28
[(e)by any other financial institution established in India or a
banking company to which the Banking Regulation Act, 1949
(10 of 1949), applies (including any bank or banking insti-
tution referred to in section 51 of that Act), on any moneys
borrowed by it from sources outside India 29
[before the 1st
day of June, 2001] under a loan agreement approved by the
Central Government where the moneys are borrowed either
for the purpose of advancing loans to industrial undertakings
in India for purchase outside India of raw materials or capital
plant and machinery or for the purpose of importing any
goods which the Central Government may consider neces-
sary to import in the public interest, to the extent to which
such interest does not exceed the amount of interest calcu-
lated at the rate approved by the Central Government in this
behalf, having regard to the terms of the loan and its repay-
ment;] 30
[(f)by an industrial undertaking in India on any moneys
borrowed by it in foreign currency from sources outside
India under a loan agreement approved by the Central
Government 31
[before the 1st day of June, 2001] having
regard to the need for industrial development in India, to the
extent to which such interest does not exceed the amount of
interest calculated at the rate approved by the Central Govern-
ment in this behalf, having regard to the terms of the loan and
its repayment;
32
[(fa)by a scheduled bank 33
[***] 34
[to a non-resident or to a person
who is not ordinarily resident within the meaning of sub- S. 10(15)I.T. ACT, 19611.6426.Inserted by the Finance Act, 1992, w.e.f. 1-4-1992.
27.Inserted by the Finance Act, 2001, w.e.f. 1-4-2002.
28.Inserted by the Direct Taxes (Amendment) Act, 1974, w.r.e.f. 1-4-1973.
29.Inserted by the Finance Act, 2001, w.e.f. 1-4-2002.
30.Inserted by the Finance Act, 1976, w.e.f. 1-6-1976.
31.Inserted by the Finance Act, 2001, w.e.f. 1-4-2002.
32.Inserted by the Finance (No. 2) Act, 1991, w.e.f. 1-4-1991.
33.Words “before the 1st day of April, 2005” omitted by the Finance Act, 2005, w.e.f. 1-4-2006.
Earlier the quoted words were inserted by the Finance (No. 2) Act, 2004, w.e.f. 1-4-2006.
34.Inserted by the Finance Act, 1993, w.e.f. 1-4-1993.

section (6)† of section 6] on deposits in foreign currency
where the acceptance of such deposits by the bank is
approved by the Reserve Bank of India.
35
[Explanation.—For the purposes of this item, the expression
“scheduled bank” means the State Bank of India constituted
under the State Bank of India Act, 1955 (23 of 1955), a
subsidiary bank as defined in the State Bank of India (Subsi-
diary Banks) Act, 1959 (38 of 1959), a corresponding new
bank constituted under section 3 of the Banking Companies
(Acquisition and Transfer of Undertakings) Act, 1970 (5 of
1970), or under section 3 of the Banking Companies (Acqui-
sition and Transfer of Undertakings) Act, 1980 (40 of 1980), or
any other bank being a bank included in the Second Schedule
to the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934 (2 of 1934), but does
not include a co-operative bank;] 36
[(g)by a public company formed and registered in India with the
main object of carrying on the business of providing long-
term finance for construction or purchase of houses in India
for residential purposes, 37
[being a company eligible for
deduction under clause (viii) of sub-section (1) of section 36] on any moneys borrowed by it in foreign currency from
sources outside India under a loan agreement approved by
the Central Government 38
[before the 1st day of June, 2003],
to the extent to which such interest does not exceed the
amount of interest calculated at the rate approved by the
Central Government in this behalf, having regard to the terms
of the loan and its repayment.] Explanation.—For the purposes of 39
[items (f) 40
[, (fa)] and
(g)], the expression 41
“foreign currency” shall have the
meaning assigned to it in the Foreign Exchange Regulation
Act, 1973 (46 of 1973);] 1.65CH. III – INCOMES WHICH DO NOT FORM PART OF TOTAL INCOMES. 10(15)35.Substituted by the Finance Act, 2007, w.e.f. 1-4-2007. Prior to its substitution, theExplanation
read as under :
‘Explanation.—For the purposes of this item, the expression “scheduled bank” shall have
the meaning assigned to it in clause (ii) of the Explanation to clause (viia) of sub-section
(1) of section 36;’
36.Inserted by the Finance Act, 1983, w.e.f. 1-4-1983.
37.Substituted for “being a company approved by the Central Government for the purposes
of clause (viii) of sub-section (1) of section 36” by the Finance Act, 2000, w.e.f. 1-4-2000.
38.Inserted by the Finance Act, 2003, w.e.f. 1-4-2004.
39.Substituted for “this item” by the Finance Act, 1983, w.e.f. 1-4-1983.
40.Inserted by the Finance (No. 2) Act, 1991, w.e.f. 1-4-1991.
41.Clause (g) of section 2 of the Foreign Exchange Regulation Act, 1973, defines “foreign
currency” as follows:
‘(g) “foreign currency” means any currency other than *Indian currency;’
*“Indian currency” has been defined in clause (k), see footnote 42 on p. 1.432 post.
For definitions of above terms under FEMA, 1999, see Appendix.
†Should be read as ‘clause’.

42
[(h)by any public sector company in respect of such bonds or
debentures and subject to such conditions, including the
condition that the holder of such bonds or debentures regis-
ters his name and the holding with that company, as the
Central Government may, by notification43
in the Official
Gazette, specify in this behalf;] 44
[(i)by Government on deposits made by an employee of the
Central Government or a State Government 45
[or a public
sector company], in accordance with such scheme as the
Central Government may, by notification46
in the Official
Gazette, frame in this behalf, out of the moneys due to him on
account of his retirement, whether on superannuation or
otherwise.] 47
[48
[Explanation 1].—For the purposes of this sub-clause, the expres-
sion “industrial undertaking” means any undertaking which is
engaged in—
(a)the manufacture or processing of goods; or
49
[(aa)the manufacture of computer software or recording of programme
on any disc, tape, perforated media or other information device;or] (b)the business of generation or distribution of electricity or any
other form of power; or
50
[(ba)the business of providing telecommunication services; or] (c)mining; or
(d)the construction of ships; or
51
[(da)the business of ship-breaking; or] 52
[(e)the operation of ships or aircrafts or construction or operation of
rail systems.]] S. 10(15)I.T. ACT, 19611.6642.Inserted by the Finance Act, 1987, w.e.f. 1-4-1987.
43.For specified bonds/debentures of public sector companies, see Taxmann’s Direct Taxes
Circulars.
44.Inserted by the Finance Act, 1989, w.e.f. 1-4-1990.
45.Inserted by the Finance Act, 1990, w.e.f. 1-4-1991.
46.For notified deposit schemes for retired Government employees/employees of public
sector companies, refer Taxmann’s Direct Taxes Circulars. No new account can be opened
under the Schemes, from the close of business on 9-7-2004. For details, see Taxmann’s
Master Guide to Income-tax Act.
47.Inserted by the Finance (No. 2) Act, 1991, w.e.f. 1-4-1991.
48.Explanation renumbered as Explanation 1 by the Finance Act, 1999, w.e.f. 1-4-2000.
49.Inserted by the Finance (No. 2) Act, 1998, w.e.f. 1-4-1999.
50.Inserted by the Finance Act, 1997, w.e.f. 1-4-1998.
51.Inserted by the Taxation Laws (Amendment) Act, 2003, w.r.e.f. 1-4-1991.
52.Substituted by the Finance (No. 2) Act, 1996, w.e.f. 1-4-1997. Prior to its substitution, clause
(e), as inserted by the Finance (No. 2) Act, 1991, w.e.f. 1-4-1991, read as under :
“(e)the operation of ships or aircrafts;”

53
[Explanation 1A.—For the purposes of this sub-clause, the ex-
pression “interest” shall not include interest paid on delayed payment
of loan or on default if it is in excess of two per cent per annum over
the rate of interest payable in terms of such loan.] 54
[Explanation 2.—For the purposes of this clause, the expression
“interest” includes hedging transaction charges on account of
currency fluctuation;] 55
[(v) interest on—
(a)securities held by the Welfare Commissioner, Bhopal
Gas Victims, Bhopal, in the Reserve Bank’s SGL Account No.
SL/DH 048;
(b)deposits for the benefit of the victims of the Bhopal gas leak
disaster held in such account, with the Reserve Bank of India
or with a public sector bank, as the Central Government may,
by notification56
in the Official Gazette, specify, whether
prospectively or retrospectively but in no case earlier than
the 1st day of April, 1994 in this behalf.
Explanation.—For the purposes of this sub-clause, the expression
“public sector bank” shall have the meaning assigned to it in the
Explanation to clause (23D);] 57
[(vi) interest on Gold Deposit Bonds issued under the Gold Deposit
Scheme, 1999 notified by the Central Government;] 58
[(vii) interest on bonds—
(a)issued by a local authority or by a State Pooled Finance Entity;
and
(b)specified by the Central Government by notification59
in the
Official Gazette.
Explanation.—For the purposes of this sub-clause, the expression
“State Pooled Finance Entity” shall mean such entity which is set up in 1.67CH. III – INCOMES WHICH DO NOT FORM PART OF TOTAL INCOMES. 10(15)53.Substituted by the Finance Act, 2001, w.e.f. 1-4-2002. Prior to its substitution, Explanation
1A, as inserted by the Finance Act, 2000, w.e.f. 1-4-2001, read as under :
‘Explanation 1A.—For the purposes of this sub-clause, the expression “interest” shall not
include interest paid on delayed payment of loan or on default.’
54.Inserted by the Finance Act, 1999, w.e.f. 1-4-2000.
55.Substituted by the Finance Act, 1995, w.e.f. 1-4-1995. Prior to its substitution, sub-clause
(v), as inserted by the Finance Act, 1990, w.r.e.f. 1-4-1989 and later amended by the Finance
Act, 1993, w.r.e.f. 2-11-1992, read as under:
“(v)interest on securities held by the Welfare Commissioner, Bhopal Gas Victims,
Bhopal, in Reserve Bank’s SGL Account No. SL/DH 048;”
56.For notified accounts, see Taxmann’s Master Guide to Income-tax Act.
57.Inserted by the Finance Act, 1999, w.e.f. 1-4-2000.
58.Substituted by the Finance Act, 2007, w.e.f. 1-4-2008. Prior to its substitution, sub-clause
(vii), as inserted by the Finance Act, 2000, w.e.f. 1-4-2001, read as under :
“(vii)interest on bonds—
(a)issued by a local authority; and
(b)specified by the Central Government by notification in the Official Gazette;”
59.For notified bonds issued by local authorities, see Taxmann’s Master Guide to Income-tax
Act.

accordance with the guidelines for the Pooled Finance Development
Scheme notified by the Central Government in the Ministry of Urban
Development;] 60
[(viii) any income by way of interest received by a non-resident or
a person who is not ordinarily resident, in India on a deposit made on
or after the 1st day of April, 2005, in an Offshore Banking Unit61
referred to in clause (u) of section 2 of the Special Economic Zones
Act, 2005;] 62
[(15A)any payment made, by an Indian company engaged in the business of
operation of aircraft, to acquire an aircraft or an aircraft engine
(other than a payment for providing spares, facilities or services in
connection with the operation of leased aircraft) on lease from the
Government of a foreign State or a foreign enterprise under an
agreement 63
[64
[, not being an agreement entered into between the 1st
day of April, 1997 and the 31st day of March, 1999,] and] approved by
the Central Government in this behalf :
65
[Provided that nothing contained in this clause shall apply to any
such agreement entered into on or after the 66
[1st day of April,
67
[2007]].] Explanation.—For the purposes of this clause, the expression
“foreign enterprise” means a person who is a non-resident;] 68
(16)69
scholarships granted to meet the cost of education; S. 10(16)I.T. ACT, 19611.6860.Inserted by the Special Economic Zones Act, 2005, w.e.f. 10-2-2006.
61.For definition of “offshore banking unit”, see Appendix.
62.Substituted by the Finance Act, 1995, w.e.f. 1-4-1996. Prior to its substitution, clause (15A),
as inserted by the Income-tax (Amendment) Act, 1989, w.e.f. 24-1-1989, read as under :
‘(15A)any payment made, by an Indian company engaged in the business of operation
of aircraft, to acquire an aircraft on lease from the Government of a foreign State
or a foreign enterprise under an agreement approved by the Central Government
in this behalf.
Explanation.—For the purpose of this clause, “foreign enterprise” means a person
who is a non-resident;’
63.Inserted by the Finance Act, 1997, w.e.f. 1-4-1998.
64.Substituted for “entered before the 1st day of April, 1997” by the Finance Act, 1999, w.e.f.
1-4-2000.
65.Inserted by the Finance (No. 2) Act, 2004, w.e.f. 1-4-2006.
66.Substituted for “1st day of October, 2005” by the Taxation Laws (Amendment) Act, 2005,
w.e.f. 1-4-2006. Earlier “1st day of October, 2005” was substituted for “1st day of April,
2005” by the Finance Act, 2005, w.e.f. 1-4-2006.
67.Substituted for “2006” by the Finance Act, 2006, w.e.f. 1-4-2007.
68.See also Letter [F. No. 24/35/66-IT(A-I)], dated 4-10-1966, Letter [F. No. 24/2/69-IT
(A-I)], dated 14-1-1968, Letter [F. No. 24/25/68-IT(A-I)], dated 18-9-1966, Letter [F. No. 24/
22/67-IT(A-I)], dated 7-7-1967, Letter [F. No. 25/37/66-IT(A-I)], dated 2-12-1966, Letter [F.
No. 24/7/64-IT(A-I)], dated 24-3-1964, Letter [F. No. 24/4/64-IT(A-I)], dated 12-2-1964,
Letter [F. No. 24/34/62-IT(A-I)], dated 25-1-1963, Circular No. 3(XXIII-23), dated 12-1-
1961, Circular No. 49 (XXIII-12), dated 13-12-1956, Income-tax Circulars, published by
Directorate of Inspection (Research, Statistics and Publication), 1968 edn., p. 89 and
Circular No. 11 (XXIII-24), dated 4-4-1961. For details, see Taxmann’s Master Guide to
Income-tax Act.
69.For relevant case laws, see Taxmann’s Master Guide to Income-tax Act.

70
[(17)any income by way of—
(i)daily allowance received by any person by reason of his member-
ship of Parliament or of any State Legislature or of any Commit-
tee thereof; 71
[* * *] 72
[(ii)any allowance received by any person by reason of his member-
ship of Parliament under the Members of Parliament (Constitu-
ency Allowance) Rules, 1986;
73
[(iii)any constituency allowance received by any person by reason of
his membership of any State Legislature under any Act or rules
made by that State Legislature;]]] 74
[(17A)any payment made, whether in cash or in kind,—
(i)in pursuance of any award instituted in the public interest by the
Central Government or any State Government or instituted by
any other body and approved75
by the Central Government in this
behalf; or
(ii)as a reward by the Central Government or any State Government
for such purposes as may be approved75
by the Central Govern-
ment in this behalf in the public interest;] 76
[(18)any income by way of—
(i)pension received by an individual who has been in the service of
the Central Government or State Government and has been
awarded “Param Vir Chakra” or “Maha Vir Chakra” or “Vir
Chakra” or such other gallantry award as the Central Govern-
ment may, by notification77
in the Official Gazette, specify in this
behalf;
(ii)family pension received by any member of the family of an
individual referred to in sub-clause (i). 1.69CH. III – INCOMES WHICH DO NOT FORM PART OF TOTAL INCOMES. 10(18)70.Substituted by the Taxation Laws (Amendment & Miscellaneous Provisions) Act, 1986,
w.e.f. 1-4-1986. Prior to its substitution, clause (17) was amended by the Finance Act, 1976,
w.e.f. 1-4-1976.
71.Word “and” omitted by the Finance Act, 1987, w.r.e.f. 1-4-1986.
72.Substituted by the Finance Act, 1987, w.r.e.f. 1-4-1986. Earlier sub-clause (ii) was amended
by the Taxation Laws (Amendment and Miscellaneous Provisions) Act, 1986, w.e.f.
1-4-1986.
73.Substituted by the Finance Act, 2006, w.e.f. 1-4-2007. Prior to its substitution, sub-clause
(iii), as amended by the Finance Act, 1997, w.e.f. 1-4-1998, read as under :
“(iii)all other allowances not exceeding two thousand rupees per month in the aggregate
received by any person by reason of his membership of any State Legislature or of
any Committee thereof, which the Central Government may, by notification* in the
Official Gazette, specify in this behalf;”
*For notified allowances, see Taxmann’s Master Guide to Income-tax Act.
74.Substituted for clauses (17A), (17B) and (18) by the Direct Tax Laws (Amendment) Act,
1987, w.e.f. 1-4-1989. Original clauses (17A) and (17B) were inserted by the Direct Taxes
(Amendment) Act, 1974, w.r.e.f. 1-4-1973. Clause (17A) was later on amended by the
Finance Act, 1980, w.e.f. 1-4-1980.
75.For notified awards/rewards, see Taxmann’s Master Guide to Income-tax Act.
76.Inserted by the Finance Act, 1999, w.e.f. 1-4-2000.
77.For notified gallantry awards, see Taxmann’s Master Guide to Income-tax Act.

Explanation.—For the purposes of this clause, the expression
“family” shall have the meaning assigned to it in the Explanation to
clause (5);] (18A)78
[Omitted by the Finance (No. 2) Act, 1998, w.e.f. 1-4-1999;] 79
[(19)family pension received by the widow or children or nominated heirs,
as the case may be, of a member of the armed forces (including para-
military forces) of the Union, where the death of such member has
occurred in the course of operational duties, in such circumstances
and subject to such conditions, as may be prescribed80
;] 81
[(19A)the annual value of any one palace in the occupation of a Ruler, being
a palace, the annual value whereof was exempt from income-tax
before the commencement of the Constitution (Twenty-sixth Amend-
ment) Act, 1971, by virtue of the provisions of the Merged States
(Taxation Concessions) Order, 1949, or the Part B States (Taxation
Concessions) Order, 1950, or, as the case may be, the Jammu and
Kashmir (Taxation Concessions) Order, 1958:
Provided that for the assessment year commencing on the 1st day of
April, 1972, the annual value of every such palace in the occupation82
of such Ruler during the relevant previous year shall be exempt from
income-tax;] 83
(20)the income of a local authority which is chargeable under the head
84
[* * *] “Income from house property”, “Capital gains” or “Income from
other sources” or from a trade or business carried on by it which
accrues or arises from the supply of a commodity or service 85
[(not
being water or electricity) within its own jurisdictional area or from
the supply of water or electricity within or outside its own jurisdic-
tional area].
86
[Explanation.—For the purposes of this clause, the expression “local
authority” means—
(i)Panchayat as referred to in clause (d) of article 243 of the
Constitution87
; or S. 10(20)I.T. ACT, 19611.7078.Prior to its omission, clause (18A), as inserted by the Rulers of Indian States (Abolition of
Privileges) Act, 1972, w.e.f. 9-9-1972, read as under :
“(18A)any ex gratia payments made by the Central Government consequent on the
abolition of privy purse;”
79.Inserted by the Finance (No. 2) Act, 2004, w.e.f. 1-4-2005. Earlier original clause (19) was
omitted by the Rulers of Indian States (Abolition of Privileges) Act, 1972, w.e.f. 2-4-1973.
80.See rule 2BBA for prescribed circumstances and conditions.
81.Inserted by the Rulers of Indian States (Abolition of Privileges) Act, 1972, w.r.e.f.
28-12-1971.
82.For the meaning of the term “occupation”, see Taxmann’s Direct Taxes Manual, Vol. 3.
83.For relevant case laws, see Taxmann’s Master Guide to Income-tax Act.
84.‘ “Interest on securities,” ’ omitted by the Finance Act, 1988, w.e.f. 1-4-1989.
85.Substituted for “within its own jurisdictional area” by the Finance (No. 2) Act, 1971, w.e.f.
1-4-1972.
86.Inserted by the Finance Act, 2002, w.e.f. 1-4-2003.
87.See Appendix.

(ii)Municipality as referred to in clause (e) of article 243P of the
Constitution88
; or
(iii)Municipal Committee and District Board,
legally entitled to, or entrusted by the Government with, the
control or management of a Municipal or local fund; or
(iv)Cantonment Board as defined in section 389
of the Cantonments
Act, 1924 (2 of 1924);] (20A)89
[***] 90
[91
(21)92
any income of a scientific research association for the time being
approved for the purpose of clause (ii) of sub-section (1) of section 35:
Provided that the scientific research association—
(a)applies its income, or accumulates it for application, wholly and
exclusively to the objects for which it is established, and the
provisions of sub-section (2) and sub-section (3) of section 11 shall
apply in relation to such accumulation subject to the following
modifications, namely :—
(i)in sub-section (2),—
(1)the words, brackets, letters and figure “referred to in
clause (a) or clause (b) of sub-section (1) read with the
Explanation to that sub-section” shall be omitted;
(2)for the words “to charitable or religious purposes”, the
words “for the purposes of scientific research” shall be
substituted;
(3)the reference to “Assessing Officer” in clause (a) thereof
shall be construed as a reference to the “prescribed
authority” referred to in clause (ii) of sub-section (1) of
section 35;
(ii)in sub-section (3), in clause (a), for the words “charitable or
religious purposes”, the words “the purposes of scientific
research” shall be substituted; and 1.71CH. III – INCOMES WHICH DO NOT FORM PART OF TOTAL INCOMES. 10(21)88.See Appendix.
89.Omitted by the Finance Act, 2002, w.e.f. 1-4-2003. Prior to its omission, clause (20A), as
inserted by the Finance Act, 1970, w.r.e.f. 1-4-1962, read as under :
“(20A)any income of an authority constituted in India by or under any law enacted either
for the purpose of dealing with and satisfying the need for housing accommoda-
tion or for the purpose of planning, development or improvement of cities, towns
and villages, or for both;”
90.Substituted by the Direct Tax Laws (Amendment) Act, 1989, w.e.f. 1-4-1990. Earlier clause
(21), was amended by the Finance Act, 1983, w.e.f. 1-4-1984, Direct Tax Laws (Amendment)
Act, 1987, w.e.f. 1-4-1989 and Direct Tax Laws (Amendment) Act, 1989, w.e.f. 1-4-1989.
91.See also Circular No. 400, dated 19-10-1984 and Circular No. 584, dated 13-11-1990. For
details, see Taxmann’s Master Guide to Income-tax Act.
For relevant case laws, see Taxmann’s Master Guide to Income-tax Act.
92.See rule 17 and Form No. 10, for notice of accumulation of income by charitable trust or
institution [to be furnished before expiry of time allowed under section 139(1)].

93
[(b)does not invest or deposit its funds, other than—
(i)any assets held by the scientific research association where
such assets form part of the corpus of the fund of the
association as on the 1st day of June, 1973;
(ii)any assets (being debentures issued by, or on behalf of, any
company or corporation), acquired by the scientific research
association before the 1st day of March, 1983;
(iii)any accretion to the shares, forming part of the corpus of the
fund mentioned in sub-clause (i), by way of bonus shares
allotted to the scientific research association;
(iv)voluntary contributions received and maintained in the form
of jewellery, furniture or any other article as the Board may,
by notification in the Official Gazette, specify,
for any period during the previous year otherwise than in any one
or more of the forms or modes specified in sub-section (5) of
section 11:] 94
[Provided further that the exemption under this clause shall not be
denied in relation to voluntary contribution, other than voluntary
contribution in cash or voluntary contribution of the nature referred
to in clause (b) of the first proviso to this clause, subject to the
condition that such voluntary contribution is not held by the scientific
research association, otherwise than in any one or more of the forms
or modes specified in sub-section (5) of section 11, after the expiry of
one year from the end of the previous year in which such asset is
acquired or the 31st day of March, 1992, whichever is later:
Provided also] that nothing contained in this clause shall apply in
relation to any income of the scientific research association, being
profits and gains of business, unless the business is incidental to the
attainment of its objectives and separate books of account are
maintained by it in respect of such business:] 95
[Provided also that where the scientific research association is
approved by the Central Government and subsequently that Govern-
ment is satisfied that—
(i)the scientific research association has not applied its income in
accordance with the provisions contained in clause (a) of the first
proviso; or
(ii)the scientific research association has not invested or deposited
its funds in accordance with the provisions contained in clause (b)
of the first proviso; or
(iii)the activities of the scientific research association are not genu-
ine; or S. 10(21)I.T. ACT, 19611.7293.Substituted by the Finance Act, 1992, w.r.e.f. 1-4-1990.
94.Substituted for the words “Provided further” by the Finance (No. 2) Act, 1991, w.r.e.f.
1-4-1990.
95.Inserted by the Finance Act, 2002, w.e.f. 1-4-2003.

1.73CH. III – INCOMES WHICH DO NOT FORM PART OF TOTAL INCOMES. 10(22B)
(iv)the activities of the scientific research association are not being
carried out in accordance with all or any of the conditions subject
to which such association was approved,
it may, at any time after giving a reasonable opportunity of showing
cause against the proposed withdrawal to the concerned association,
by order, withdraw the approval and forward a copy of the order
withdrawing the approval to such association and to the Assessing
Officer;] (22)96
[Omitted by the Finance (No. 2) Act, 1998, w.e.f. 1-4-1999;] (22A)97
[Omitted by the Finance (No. 2) Act, 1998, w.e.f. 1-4-1999;] 98
[(22B)any income of such news agency set up in India solely for collection
and distribution of news as the Central Government may, by notifica-
tion99
in the Official Gazette, specify in this behalf:
Provided that the news agency applies its income or accumulates it
for application solely for collection and distribution of news and does
not distribute its income in any manner to its members:
Provided further that any notification issued by the Central Govern-
ment under this clause shall, at any one time, have effect for such
assessment year or years, not exceeding three assessment years
(including an assessment year or years commencing before the date
on which such notification is issued) as may be specified in the
notification:] 1
[Provided also that where the news agency has been specified, by
notification, by the Central Government and subsequently that
Government is satisfied that such news agency has not applied or
accumulated or distributed its income in accordance with the
provisions contained in the first proviso, it may, at any time after
giving a reasonable opportunity of showing cause, rescind the
notification and forward a copy of the order rescinding the notification
to such agency and to the Assessing Officer;]96.Prior to its omission, clause (22) read as under :
“(22)any income of a university or other educational institution, existing solely for
educational purposes and not for purposes of profit;”
Clauses (22) and (22A) are now re-enacted in section 10(23C).
97.Prior to its omission, clause (22A), as inserted by the Finance Act, 1970, w.e.f. 1-4-1970, read
as under :
“(22A)any income of a hospital or other institution for the reception and treatment of
persons suffering from illness or mental defectiveness or for the reception and
treatment of persons during convalescence or of persons requiring medical
attention or rehabilitation, existing solely for philanthropic purposes and not for
purposes of profit;”
98.Inserted by the Finance Act, 1994, w.e.f. 1-4-1994.
99.For notified news agencies, see Taxmann’s Master Guide to Income-tax Act.
1.Inserted by the Finance Act, 2002, w.e.f. 1-4-2003.

S. 10(23)I.T. ACT, 19611.742.Prior to its omission, clause (23), as amended by the Direct Tax Laws (Amendment) Act,
1987, w.e.f. 1-4-1989, Direct Tax Laws (Amendment) Act, 1989, w.e.f. 1-4-1989, substituted
by the Direct Tax Laws (Amendment) Act, 1989, w.e.f. 1-4-1990 and further amended by
the Finance (No. 2) Act, 1991, w.r.e.f. 1-4-1990, Finance Act, 1992, w.r.e.f. 1-4-1990/w.e.f.
1-4-1992 and Finance Act, 2000, w.e.f. 1-4-2001, read as under :
‘(23)any income of an association or institution established in India which may be
notified by the Central Government in the Official Gazette having regard to the fact
that the association or institution has as its object the control, supervision,
regulation or encouragement in India of the games of cricket, hockey, football,
tennis or such other games or sports as the Central Government may, by notifica-
tion in the Official Gazette, specify in this behalf :
Provided that the association or institution shall make an application in the
prescribed form and manner to the prescribed authority for the purpose of grant
of the exemption, or continuance thereof, under this clause:
Provided further that the Central Government may, before notifying the associa-
tion or institution under this clause, call for such documents (including audited
annual accounts) or information from the association or institution as it thinks
necessary in order to satisfy itself about the genuineness of the activities of the
association or institution and that Government may also make such inquiries as it
may deem necessary in this behalf :
Provided also that the association or institution,—
(a)applies its income or accumulates it for application, wholly and exclusively
to the objects for which it is established and the provisions of sub-section (2)
and sub-section (3) of section 11 shall apply in relation to such accumulation
subject to the following modifications, namely :—
(i)in sub-section (2),—
(1)the words, brackets, letters and figure “referred to in clause (a) or
clause (b) of sub-section (1) read with the Explanation to that sub-
section” shall be omitted;
(2)for the words “to charitable or religious purposes”, the words “for
the purposes of games or sports” shall be substituted;
(3)the reference to “Assessing Officer” in clause (a) thereof shall be
construed as a reference to the “prescribed authority” referred to
in the first proviso to this clause;
(ii)in sub-section (3), in clause (a), for the words “charitable or religious
purposes”, the words “the purposes of games or sports” shall be substi-
tuted; and
(b)does not invest or deposit its funds, other than—
(i)any assets held by the association or institution where such assets form
part of the corpus of the fund of the association or institution as on the
1st day of June, 1973;
(ii)any assets (being debentures issued by, or on behalf of, any company or
corporation), acquired by the association or institution before the 1st
day of March, 1983;
(iii)any accretion to the shares, forming part of the corpus of the fund
mentioned in sub-clause (i), by way of bonus shares allotted to the
association or institution;
(iv)voluntary contributions received and maintained in the form of jewellery,
furniture or any other article as the Board may, by notification in the
Official Gazette, specify,
for any period during the previous year otherwise than in any one or more
of the forms or modes specified in sub-section (5) of section 11; and
(Contd. on p. 1.75) (23)2
[Omitted by the Finance Act, 2002, w.e.f. 1-4-2003;]

1.75CH. III – INCOMES WHICH DO NOT FORM PART OF TOTAL INCOMES. 10(23A)
3
[4
(23A)any income (other than income chargeable under the head 5
[* * *] “Income from house property” or any income received for rendering
any specific services or income by way of interest or dividends
derived from its investments) of an association or institution
established in India having as its object the control, supervision,
regulation or encouragement of the profession of law, medicine,
accountancy, engineering or architecture or such other profession6
as the Central Government may specify in this behalf, from time to
time, by notification in the Official Gazette:
Provided that—
(i)the association or institution applies its income, or accumulates
it for application, solely to the objects for which it is established;
and(Contd. from p. 1.74)
(c)does not distribute any part of its income in any manner to its members
except as grants to any association or institution affiliated to it;
(d)applies the amount received by way of donations referred to in clause (c)
of sub-section (2) of section 80G for purposes of development of infrastruc-
ture for games or sports in India or for sponsoring of games and sports in
India:
Provided also that the exemption under this clause shall not be denied in relation
to any funds invested or deposited before the 1st day of April, 1989 otherwise than
in any one or more of the forms or modes specified in sub-section (5) of section 11
if such funds do not continue to remain so invested or deposited after the 30th day
of March, 1993 :
Provided also that the exemption under this clause shall not be denied in relation
to voluntary contribution, other than voluntary contribution in cash or voluntary
contribution of the nature referred to in clause (b) of the third proviso to this clause,
subject to the condition that such voluntary contribution is not held by the
association or institution, otherwise than in any one or more of the forms or modes
specified in sub-section (5) of section 11, after the expiry of one year from the end
of the previous year in which such asset is acquired or the 31st day of March, 1992,
whichever is later:
Provided also that nothing contained in this clause shall apply in relation to any
income of the association or institution, being profits and gains of business, unless
the business is incidental to the attainment of its objectives and separate books of
account are maintained by it in respect of such business:
Provided also that any notification issued by the Central Government under this
clause in relation to any association or institution shall, at any one time, have effect
for such assessment year or years, not exceeding three assessment years (including
an assessment year or years commencing before the date on which such notifica-
tion is issued), as may be specified in the notification*;’
*For approved sports associations/institutions, see Taxmann’s Direct Taxes
Circulars.
3.Inserted by the Finance (No. 2) Act, 1965, w.r.e.f. 1-4-1962.
4.See also Circular No. 584, dated 13-11-1990. For details, see Taxmann’s Master Guide to
Income-tax Act.
5.‘ “Interest on securities” or’ omitted by the Finance Act, 1988, w.e.f. 1-4-1989.
6.For specified professions, see Taxmann’s Master Guide to Income-tax Act.

S. 10(23AAA)I.T. ACT, 19611.76
(ii)the association or institution is for the time being approved7
for
the purpose of this clause by the Central Government by general
or special order:] 8
[Provided further that where the association or institution has been
approved by the Central Government and subsequently that Govern-
ment is satisfied that—
(i)such association or institution has not applied or accumulated its
income in accordance with the provisions contained in the first
proviso; or
(ii)the activities of the association or institution are not being carried
out in accordance with all or any of the conditions subject to
which such association or institution was approved,
it may, at any time after giving a reasonable opportunity of showing
cause against the proposed withdrawal to the concerned association
or institution, by order, withdraw the approval and forward a copy
of the order withdrawing the approval to such association or institution
and to the Assessing Officer;] 9
[(23AA)any income received by any person on behalf of any Regimental Fund
or Non-Public Fund established by the armed forces of the Union for
the welfare of the past and present members of such forces or their
dependants;] 10
[(23AAA)any income received by any person on behalf of a fund established,
for such purposes as may be notified11
by the Board in the Official
Gazette, for the welfare of employees or their dependants and of
which fund such employees are members if such fund fulfils the
following conditions, namely :—
(a)the fund—
(i)applies its income or accumulates it for application, wholly
and exclusively to the objects for which it is established;
and
(ii)invests its funds and contributions and other sums received
by it in the forms or modes specified in sub-section (5) of
section 11;
(b)the fund is approved by the Commissioner in accordance with the
rules12
made in this behalf:
Provided that any such approval shall at any one time have effect for
such assessment year or years not exceeding three assessment years
as may be specified in the order of approval;]7.For approved association/institution, see Taxmann’s Master Guide to Income-tax Act.
8.Inserted by the Finance Act, 2002, w.e.f. 1-4-2003.
9.Inserted by the Finance (No. 2) Act, 1980, w.r.e.f. 1-4-1962.
10.Inserted by the Finance Act, 1995, w.e.f. 1-4-1996.
11.For notified purposes, see Taxmann’s Master Guide to Income-tax Act.
12.See rule 16C and Form No. 9.

1.77 CH. III – INCOMES WHICH DO NOT FORM PART OF TOTAL INCOMES. 10(23B)
13
[(23AAB)any income of a fund, by whatever name called, set up by the Life
Insurance Corporation of India on or after the 1st day of August, 1996
14
[or any other insurer] under a pension scheme,—
(i)to which contribution is made by any person for the purpose of
receiving pension from such fund;
(ii)which is approved by the Controller of Insurance 15
[or the Insur-
ance Regulatory and Development Authority established under
sub-section (1) of section 3 of the Insurance Regulatory and
Development Authority Act, 1999 (41 of 1999), as the case maybe].
Explanation.—For the purposes of this clause, the expression “Con-
troller of Insurance” shall have the meaning assigned to it in clause
(5B) of section 2 of the Insurance Act, 1938 (4 of 1938)16
;] 17
[(23B)any income of an institution constituted as a public charitable trust or
registered under the Societies Registration Act, 1860 (21 of 1860), or
under any law corresponding to that Act in force in any part of India,
and existing solely for the development of khadi or village industries
or both, and not for purposes of profit, to the extent such income is
attributable to the business of production, sale, or marketing, of khadi
or products of village industries:
Provided that—
(i)the institution applies its income, or accumulates it for applica-
tion, solely for the development of khadi or village industries or
both; and
(ii)the institution is, for the time being, approved for the purpose of
this clause by the Khadi and Village Industries Commission:
Provided further that the Commission shall not, at any one time, grant
such approval for more than three assessment years beginning with
the assessment year next following the financial year in which it is
granted:
18
[Provided also that where the institution has been approved by the
Khadi and Village Industries Commission and subsequently that
Commission is satisfied that—
(i)the institution has not applied or accumulated its income in
accordance with the provisions contained in the first proviso; or
(ii)the activities of the institution are not being carried out in
accordance with all or any of the conditions subject to which such
institution was approved,
it may, at any time after giving a reasonable opportunity of showing
cause against the proposed withdrawal to the concerned institution,13.Inserted by the Finance (No. 2) Act, 1996, w.e.f. 1-4-1997.
14.Inserted by the Finance Act, 2001, w.e.f. 1-4-2002.
15.Inserted, ibid.
16.For text of section 2(5B) of the Insurance Act, 1938, see Appendix.
17.Inserted by the Finance Act, 1974, w.e.f. 1-6-1974.
18.Inserted by the Finance Act, 2002, w.e.f. 1-4-2003.

S. 10(23BBB)I.T. ACT, 19611.78
by order, withdraw the approval and forward a copy of the order
withdrawing the approval to such institution and to the Assessing
Officer.] Explanation.—For the purposes of this clause,—
(i)“Khadi and Village Industries Commission” means the Khadi and
Village Industries Commission established under the Khadi and
Village Industries Commission Act, 1956 (61 of 1956);
(ii)19
“khadi” and “village industries” have the meanings respectively
assigned to them in that Act;] 20
[(23BB)any income of an authority (whether known as the Khadi and Village
Industries Board or by any other name) established in a State by or
under a State or Provincial Act for the development of khadi or village
industries in the State.
Explanation.—For the purposes of this clause, 19
“khadi” and “village
industries” have the meanings respectively assigned to them in the
Khadi and Village Industries Commission Act, 1956 (61 of 1956);] 20
[(23BBA)any income of any body or authority (whether or not a body corporate
or corporation sole) established, constituted or appointed by or under
any Central, State or Provincial Act which provides for the adminis-
tration of any one or more of the following, that is to say, public
religious or charitable trusts or endowments (including maths,
temples, gurdwaras, wakfs, churches, synagogues, agiaries or other
places of public religious worship) or societies for religious or
charitable purposes registered as such under the Societies Registra-
tion Act, 1860 (21 of 1860), or any other law for the time being in force:
Provided that nothing in this clause shall be construed to exempt from
tax the income of any trust, endowment or society referred to
therein;] 21
[(23BBB)any income of the European Economic Community derived in India
by way of interest, dividends or capital gains from investments made
out of its funds under such scheme22
as the Central Government may,
by notification in the Official Gazette, specify in this behalf.
Explanation.—For the purposes of this clause, “European Economic
Community” means the European Economic Community established
by the Treaty of Rome of 25th March, 1957;]19.Clauses (d) and (h) of section 2 of the Khadi and Village Industries Commission Act, 1956,
define “khadi” and “village industries” as follows :
‘(d)“khadi” means any cloth woven on handlooms in India from cotton, silk or woollen
yarn handspun in India or from a mixture of any two or all of such yarns;
(h)“village industries” means all or any of the industries specified in the Schedule and
includes any other industry deemed to be specified in the Schedule by reason of a
notification under section 3.’
20.Inserted by the Finance Act, 1979, w.r.e.f. 1-4-1962.
21.Inserted by the Finance Act, 1993, w.e.f. 1-4-1994.
22.For notified scheme, see Taxmann’s Master Guide to Income-tax Act.

1.79CH. III – INCOMES WHICH DO NOT FORM PART OF TOTAL INCOMES. 10(23BBG)
23
[(23BBC )any income of the SAARC Fund for Regional Projects set up by
Colombo Declaration issued on the 21st day of December, 1991 by the
Heads of State or Government of the Member Countries of South
Asian Association for Regional Cooperation established on the 8th
day of December, 1985 by the Charter of the South Asian Association
for Regional Cooperation;] 24
[(23BBD)any income of the Secretariat of the Asian Organisation of the
Supreme Audit Institutions registered as “ASOSAI-SECRETARIAT”
under the Societies Registration Act, 1860 (21 of 1860) for 25
[ten
previous years relevant to the assessment years beginning an the 1st
day of April, 2001 and ending on the 31st day of March, 2011];
(23BBE)any income of the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority
established under sub-section (1) of section 3 of the Insurance
Regulatory and Development Authority Act, 1999 (41 of 1999);] 26
[(23BBF)any income of the North-Eastern Development Finance Corporation
Limited, being a company formed and registered under the Compa-
nies Act, 1956 (1 of 1956) :
Provided that in computing the total income of the North-Eastern
Development Finance Corporation Limited, the amount to the extent
of—
(i)twenty per cent of the total income for assessment year beginning
on the 1st day of April, 2006;
(ii)forty per cent of the total income for assessment year beginning
on the 1st day of April, 2007;
(iii)sixty per cent of the total income for assessment year beginning
on the 1st day of April, 2008;
(iv)eighty per cent of the total income for assessment year beginning
on the 1st day of April, 2009;
(v)one hundred per cent of the total income for assessment year
beginning on the 1st day of April, 2010 and any subsequent
assessment year or years,
shall be included in such total income;] 27
[(23BBG)any income of the Central Electricity Regulatory Commission
constituted under sub-section (1) of section 76 of the Electricity Act,
2003 (36 of 2003);]23.Inserted by the Finance (No. 2) Act, 1996, w.r.e.f. 1-4-1992.
24.Inserted by the Finance Act, 2001, w.e.f. 1-4-2001.
25.Substituted for “seven previous years relevant to the assessment years beginning on the
1st day of April, 2001 and ending on the 31st day of March, 2008” by the Finance Act, 2007,
w.e.f. 1-4-2008. Earlier the quoted words were substituted for “three previous years
relevant to the assessment years beginning on the 1st day of April, 2001 and ending on the
31st day of March, 2004” by the Finance Act, 2003, w.e.f. 1-4-2004.
26.Inserted by the Taxation Laws (Amendment) Act, 2006, w.r.e.f. 1-4-2006.
27.Inserted by the Finance Act, 2007, w.e.f. 1-4-2008.

S. 10(23C)I.T. ACT, 19611.80
28
[29
(23C)any income received by any person on behalf of—
(i)the Prime Minister’s National Relief Fund; or
(ii)the Prime Minister’s Fund (Promotion of Folk Art); or
(iii)the Prime Minister’s Aid to Students Fund; 30
[or] 31
[(iiia)the National Foundation for Communal Harmony; or] 32
[(iiiab)any university or other educational institution33
existing33
solely33
for educational purposes and not for purposes of profit, and
which is wholly or substantially financed by the Government; or
(iiiac)any hospital or other institution for the reception and treatment
of persons suffering from illness or mental defectiveness or for
the reception and treatment of persons during convalescence or
of persons requiring medical attention or rehabilitation, existing
solely for philanthropic purposes and not for purposes of profit,and
which is wholly or substantially financed by the Government; or
(iiiad)any university or other educational institution33
existing33
solely33
for educational purposes and not for purposes of profit if the
aggregate annual receipts of such university or educational
institution do not exceed the amount of annual receipts as may be
prescribed34
; or
(iiiae)any hospital or other institution for the reception and treatment
of persons suffering from illness or mental defectiveness or for
the reception and treatment of persons during convalescence or
of persons requiring medical attention or rehabilitation, existing
solely for philanthropic purposes and not for purposes of profit,
if the aggregate annual receipts of such hospital or institution
do not exceed the amount of annual receipts as may be
prescribed34
;or] 35
[(iv)36
any other fund or institution established for charitable purposes
37
[which may be approved by the prescribed authority37a
], having28.Inserted by the Taxation Laws (Amendment) Act, 1975, w.e.f. 1-4-1976.
29.See also Circular No. 557, dated 19-3-1990, Circular No. 580, dated 14-9-1990 and Circular
No. 584, dated 13-11-1990. For details, see Taxmann’s Master Guide to Income-tax Act.
30.Reintroduced by the Direct Tax Laws (Amendment) Act, 1989, w.e.f. 1-4-1989. Earlier, it
was omitted by the Direct Tax Laws (Amendment) Act, 1987, with effect from the same
date.
31.Inserted by the Finance Act, 1993, w.e.f. 1-4-1993.
32.Sub-clauses (iiiab) to (iiiae) inserted by the Finance (No. 2) Act, 1998, w.e.f. 1-4-1999.
33.For the meaning of the terms/expressions “education”, “educational institution”, “other
educational institution”, “existing” and “solely”, see Taxmann’s Direct Taxes Manual,
Vol. 3.
34.Amount prescribed is Rs. 1 crore vide rule 2BC.
35.Substituted by the Direct Tax Laws (Amendment) Act, 1989, w.e.f. 1-4-1990. Earlier, sub-
clauses (iv) and (v) were omitted by the Direct Tax Laws (Amendment) Act, 1987, w.e.f.
1-4-1989 and later reintroduced by the Direct Tax Laws (Amendment) Act, 1989, w.e.f.
1-4-1989.
36.For complete list of approved funds/institutions, see Taxmann’s Direct Taxes Circulars
and Taxmann’s Yearly Tax Digest & Referencer.
37.Substituted for “which may be notified by the Central Government in the Official Gazette”
by the Finance Act, 2007, w.e.f. 1-6-2007.
37a.Prescribed authority is Chief Commissioner or Director General. See rule 2C and Form
No. 56.

regard to the objects of the fund or institution and its importance
throughout India or throughout any State or States; or
(v)38
any trust (including any other legal obligation) or institution
wholly for public religious purposes or wholly for public religious
and charitable purposes, 39
[which may be approved by the pre-
scribed authority39a
], having regard to the manner in which the
affairs of the trust or institution are administered and supervised
for ensuring that the income accruing thereto is properly applied
for the objects thereof;
40
[(vi)any university or other educational institution41
existing41
solely41
for educational purposes and not for purposes of profit, other
than those mentioned in sub-clause (iiiab) or sub-clause (iiiad)
and which may be approved42
by the prescribed authority43
; or
(via)any hospital or other institution for the reception and treatment
of persons suffering from illness or mental defectiveness or for
the reception and treatment of persons during convalescence or
of persons requiring medical attention or rehabilitation, existing
solely for philanthropic purposes and not for purposes of profit,
other than those mentioned in sub-clause (iiiac) or sub-clause
(iiiae) and which may be approved44
by the prescribed autho-
rity45 
:] Provided that the fund or trust or institution 46
[or any university or
other educational institution47
or any hospital or other medical insti-
tution] referred to in sub-clause (iv) or sub-clause (v) 46
[or sub-clause
(vi) or sub-clause (via)] shall make an application in the prescribed
form48
and manner to the prescribed authority49
for the purpose of 1.81CH. III – INCOMES WHICH DO NOT FORM PART OF TOTAL INCOMES. 10(23C)38.For complete list of approved trusts/institutions, see Taxmann’s Direct Taxes Circulars
and Taxmann’s Yearly Tax Digest & Referencer.
39.Substituted for “which may be notified by the Central Government in the Official Gazette”
by the Finance Act, 2007, w.e.f. 1-6-2007.
39a.Prescribed authority is Chief Commissioner or Director General. See rule 2C and Form
No. 56.
40.Sub-clauses (vi) and (via) inserted by the Finance (No. 2) Act, 1998, w.e.f. 1-4-1999.
41.For the meaning of the terms/expressions “other educational institution”, “existing” and
“solely”, see Taxmann’s Direct Taxes Manual, Vol. 3.
42.For notified university/educational institutions, see Taxmann’s Direct Taxes Circulars
and Taxmann’s Yearly Tax Digest & Referencer.
43.Prescribed authority is Chief Commissioner or Director General. See rule 2CA and Form
No. 56D. See also Notification No. SO 852(E), dated 30-5-2007. For details, see Taxmann’s
Master Guide to Income-tax Act.
44.For notified hospital/institution, see Taxmann’s Direct Taxes Circulars.
45.Prescribed authority is Chief Commissioner or Director General. See rule 2CA and Form
No. 56D. See also Notification No. SO 852(E), dated 30-5-2007. For details, see Taxmann’s
Master Guide to Income-tax Act.
46.Inserted by the Finance (No. 2) Act, 1998, w.e.f. 1-4-1999.
47.For the meaning of the expression “other educational institution”, see Taxmann’s Direct
Taxes Manual, Vol. 3.
48.See rule 2C/Form No. 56 and rule 2CA/Form No. 56D.
49.The prescribed authority for purposes of section 10(23C)(iv)/(v), under rule 2C, as well as
for purposes of section 10(23C)(vi)/(via), under rule 2CA, is Chief Commissioner or
Director General.

grant of the exemption, or continuance thereof, under sub-clause (iv)
or sub-clause (v) 50
[or sub-clause (vi) or sub-clause (via)] :
51
[Provided further that the prescribed authority, before approving
any fund or trust or institution or any university or other educational
institution or any hospital or other medical institution, under sub-
clause (iv) or sub-clause (v) or sub-clause (vi) or sub-clause (via), may
call for such documents (including audited annual accounts) or
information from the fund or trust or institution or any university or
other educational institution or any hospital or other medical institu-
tion, as the case may be, as it thinks necessary in order to satisfy itself
about the genuineness of the activities of such fund or trust or
institution or any university or other educational institution or any
hospital or other medical institution, as the case may be, and the
prescribed authority may also make such inquiries as it deems
necessary in this behalf:] Provided also that the fund or trust or institution 52
[or any university
or other educational institution53
or any hospital or other medical
institution] referred to in sub-clause (iv) or sub-clause (v) 52
[or sub-
clause (vi) or sub-clause (via)]—
54
[(a)applies its income, or accumulates it for application, wholly
and exclusively to the objects for which it is established and
in a case where more than fifteen per cent of its income is
accumulated on or after the 1st day of April, 2002, the period
of the accumulation of the amount exceeding fifteen per cent
of its income shall in no case exceed five years; and] S. 10(23C)I.T. ACT, 19611.8250.Inserted by the Finance (No. 2) Act, 1998, w.e.f. 1-4-1999.
51.Substituted by the Finance Act, 2007, w.e.f. 1-6-2007. Prior to its substitution, the second
proviso, as amended by the Finance (No. 2) Act, 1998, w.e.f. 1-4-1999 and later on
substituted by the Finance Act, 1999, w.e.f. 1-4-1999, read as under :
“Provided further that the Central Government, before notifying the fund or trust or
institution, or the prescribed authority, before approving any university or other educa-
tional institution or any hospital or other medical institution, under sub-clause (iv) or sub-
clause (v) or sub-clause (vi) or sub-clause (via), may call for such documents (including
audited annual accounts) or information from the fund or trust or institution or any
university or other educational institution or any hospital or other medical institution, as
the case may be, as it thinks necessary in order to satisfy itself about the genuineness of
the activities of the fund or trust or institution or any university or other educational
institution or any hospital or other medical institution, as the case may be, and the Central
Government or the prescribed authority, as the case may be, may also make such inquiries
as it deems necessary in this behalf :”
52.Inserted by the Finance (No. 2) Act, 1998, w.e.f. 1-4-1999.
53.For the meaning of the expression “other educational institution”, see Taxmann’s Direct
Taxes Manual, Vol. 3.
54.Substituted by the Finance Act, 2002, w.e.f. 1-4-2003. Prior to its substitution, clause (a),
as amended by the Finance Act, 2001, w.e.f. 1-4-2002, read as under :
“(a)applies its income, or accumulates it for application, wholly and exclusively to the
objects for which it is established and in a case where more than twenty-five per
cent of its income is accumulated on or after the 1st day of April, 2001, the period
of the accumulation of the amount exceeding twenty-five per cent of its income
shall in no case exceed five years; and”

1.83CH. III – INCOMES WHICH DO NOT FORM PART OF TOTAL INCOMES. 10(23C)
55
[(b)does not invest or deposit its funds, other than—
(i)any assets held by the fund, trust or institution 56
[or any
university or other educational institution57
or any hos-
pital or other medical institution] where such assets
form part of the corpus of the fund, trust or institution
58
[or any university or other educational institution or
any hospital or other medical institution] as on the 1st
day of June, 1973;
59
[(ia)any asset, being equity shares of a public company, held
by any university or other educational institution or any
hospital or other medical institution where such assets
form part of the corpus of any university or other
educational institution or any hospital or other medical
institution as on the 1st day of June, 1998;] (ii)any assets (being debentures issued by, or on behalf of,
any company or corporation), acquired by the fund,
trust or institution 60
[or any university or other educa-
tional institution61
or any hospital or other medical
institution] before the 1st day of March, 1983;
(iii)any accretion to the shares, forming part of the corpus
mentioned in sub-clause (i) 62
[and sub-clause (ia)], by
way of bonus shares allotted to the fund, trust or
institution 60
[or any university or other educational
institution or any hospital or other medical institution];
(iv)voluntary contributions received and maintained in the
form of jewellery, furniture or any other article as the
Board may, by notification in the Official Gazette,
specify,
for any period during the previous year otherwise than in
any one or more of the forms or modes specified in sub-
section (5) of section 11:] Provided also that the exemption under sub-clause (iv) or sub-clause
(v) shall not be denied in relation to any funds invested or deposited
before the 1st day of April, 1989, otherwise than in any one or more
of the forms or modes specified in sub-section (5) of section 11 if such55.Substituted by the Finance Act, 1992, w.r.e.f. 1-4-1990.
56.Inserted by the Finance (No. 2) Act, 1998, w.e.f. 1-4-1999.
57.For the meaning of the expression “other educational institution”, see Taxmann’s Direct
Taxes Manual, Vol. 3.
58.Inserted by the Finance (No. 2) Act, 1998, w.e.f. 1-4-1999.
59.Inserted by the Finance Act, 2001, w.e.f. 1-4-2001.
60.Inserted by the Finance (No. 2) Act, 1998, w.e.f. 1-4-1999.
61.For the meaning of the expression “other educational institution”, see Taxmann’s Direct
Taxes Manual, Vol. 3.
62.Inserted by the Finance Act, 2001, w.e.f. 1-4-2001.

S. 10(23C)I.T. ACT, 19611.84
funds do not continue to remain so invested or deposited after the
30th day of March, 63
[1993] :
64
[Provided also that the exemption under sub-clause (vi) or sub-
clause (via) shall not be denied in relation to any funds invested or
deposited before the 1st day of June, 1998, otherwise than in any one
or more of the forms or modes specified in sub-section (5) of section
11 if such funds do not continue to remain so invested or deposited
after the 30th day of March, 2001 :] 65
[Provided also that the exemption under sub-clause (iv) or sub-
clause (v) 64
[or sub-clause (vi) or sub-clause (via)] shall not be denied
in relation to voluntary contribution, other than voluntary contribu-
tion in cash or voluntary contribution of the nature referred to in
clause (b) of the third proviso to this sub-clause, subject to the
condition that such voluntary contribution is not held by the trust or
institution 66
[or any university or other educational institution or any
hospital or other medical institution], otherwise than in any one or
more of the forms or modes specified in sub-section (5) of section 11,
after the expiry of one year from the end of the previous year in which
such asset is acquired or the 31st day of March, 1992, whichever is
later:] Provided also that nothing contained in sub-clause (iv) or sub-clause
(v) 67
[or sub-clause (vi) or sub-clause (via)] shall apply in relation to any
income of the fund or trust or institution 67
[or any university or other
educational institution or any hospital or other medical institution],
being profits and gains of business, unless the business is incidental to
the attainment of its objectives and separate books of account are
maintained by it in respect of such business:
Provided also that any 68
[notification issued by the Central Govern-
ment under sub-clause (iv) or sub-clause (v), before the date on which
the Taxation Laws (Amendment) Bill, 2006 receives the assent of the
President*, shall, at any one time, have effect for such assessment year
or years, not exceeding three assessment years] (including an assess-
ment year or years commencing before the date on which such
notification is issued) as may be specified in the notification:] 69
[Provided also that where an application under the first proviso is
made on or after the date on which the Taxation Laws (Amendment)63.Substituted for “1992” by the Finance Act, 1992, w.e.f. 1-4-1992. Earlier “1992” was
substituted for “1990” by the Finance (No. 2) Act, 1991, w.r.e.f. 1-4-1990.
64.Inserted by the Finance (No. 2) Act, 1998, w.e.f. 1-4-1999.
65.Inserted by the Finance (No. 2) Act, 1991, w.r.e.f. 1-4-1990.
66.Inserted by the Finance Act, 1998, w.e.f. 1-4-1999.
67.Inserted by the Finance (No. 2) Act, 1998, w.e.f. 1-4-1999.
68.Substituted for “notification issued by the Central Government under sub-clause (iv) or
sub-clause (v) shall, at any one time, have effect for such assessment year or years, not
exceeding three assessment years” by the Taxation Laws (Amendment) Act, 2006, w.r.e.f.
1-4-2006.
69.Inserted, ibid.
*13-7-2006.

Bill, 2006 receives the assent of the President,* every notification
under sub-clause (iv) or sub-clause (v) shall be issued or approval
under 70
[sub-clause (iv) or sub-clause (v) or] sub-clause (vi) or sub-
clause (via) shall be granted or an order rejecting the application shall
be passed within the period of twelve months from the end of the
month in which such application was received:
Provided also that where the total income, of the fund or trust or
institution or any university or other educational institution or any
hospital or other medical institution referred to in sub-clause (iv) or
sub-clause (v) or sub-clause (vi) or sub-clause (via), without giving
effect to the provisions of the said sub-clauses, exceeds the maximum
amount which is not chargeable to tax in any previous year, such trust
or institution or any university or other educational institution or any
hospital or other medical institution shall get its accounts audited in
respect of that year by an accountant as defined in the Explanation
below sub-section (2) of section 288 and furnish along with the return
of income for the relevant assessment year, the report of such audit
in the prescribed form71
duly signed and verified by such accountant
and setting forth such particulars as may be prescribed:] 72
[Provided also that any amount of donation received by the fund or
institution in terms of clause (d) of sub-section (2) of section 80G 73
[in
respect of which accounts of income and expenditure have not been
rendered to the authority prescribed under clause (v) of sub-section
(5C) of that section, in the manner specified in that clause, or] which
has been utilised for purposes other than providing relief to the
victims of earthquake in Gujarat or which remains unutilised in terms
of sub-section (5C) of section 80G and not transferred to the Prime
Minister’s National Relief Fund on or before the 31st day of March,
74
[2004] shall be deemed to be the income of the previous year and
shall accordingly be charged to tax:] 75
[***] 1.85CH. III – INCOMES WHICH DO NOT FORM PART OF TOTAL INCOMES. 10(23C)70.Inserted by the Finance Act, 2007, w.e.f. 1-6-2007.
71.See rule 16CC and Form No. 10BB.
72.Inserted by the Taxation Laws (Amendment) Act, 2001, w.r.e.f. 3-2-2001.
73.Inserted by the Finance Act, 2002, w.r.e.f. 3-2-2001.
74.Substituted for “2003” by the Finance Act, 2003, w.r.e.f. 3-2-2001. Earlier “2003” was
substituted for “2002” by the Finance Act, 2002, w.r.e.f. 3-2-2001.
75.Omitted by the Finance Act, 2002, w.e.f. 1-4-2002. Prior to its omission, the proviso, as
inserted by the Finance Act, 2001, w.e.f. 1-4-2002, read as under :
“Provided also that where the total receipts of the fund or institution referred to in sub-
clause (iv) or of any trust or institution referred to in sub-clause (v) or of any University
or other educational institution referred to in sub-clause (vi) or of any hospital or other
institution referred to in sub-clause (via) exceed one crore rupees in any preceding year,
the fund or trust or institution or University or other educational institution or hospital
or other institution, as the case may be, shall—
(i)publish its accounts in a local newspaper; and
(ii)furnish along with the application prescribed in the first proviso to this clause, the
copy of the local newspaper in which such accounts have been published;”
*13-7-2006.

76
[Provided also that where the fund or trust or institution or any
university or other educational institution or any hospital or other
medical institution referred to in sub-clause (iv) or sub-clause (v) or
sub-clause (vi) or sub-clause (via) does not apply its income during the
year of receipt and accumulates it, any payment or credit out of such
accumulation to any trust or institution registered under section
12AA or to any fund or trust or institution or any university or other
educational institution or any hospital or other medical institution
referred to in sub-clause (iv) or sub-clause (v) or sub-clause (vi) or
sub-clause (via) shall not be treated as application of income to the
objects for which such fund or trust or institution or university or
educational institution or hospital or other medical institution, as the
case may be, is established :
Provided also that where the fund or institution referred to in sub-
clause (iv) or trust or institution referred to in sub-clause (v) is notified
by the Central Government 77
[or is approved by the prescribed
authority, as the case may be,] or any university or other educational
institution referred to in sub-clause (vi) or any hospital or other
medical institution referred to in sub-clause (via), is approved by the
prescribed authority and subsequently that Government or the pre-
scribed authority is satisfied that—
(i)such fund or institution or trust or any university or other
educational institution or any hospital or other medical institu-
tion has not—
(A)applied its income in accordance with the provisions con-
tained in clause (a) of the third proviso; or
(B)invested or deposited its funds in accordance with the provi-
sions contained in clause (b) of the third proviso; or
(ii)the activities of such fund or institution or trust or any university
or other educational institution or any hospital or other medical
institution—
(A)are not genuine; or
(B)are not being carried out in accordance with all or any of the
conditions subject to which it was notified or approved,
it may, at any time after giving a reasonable opportunity of showing
cause against the proposed action to the concerned fund or institution
or trust or any university or other educational institution or any
hospital or other medical institution, rescind the notification or, by
order, withdraw the approval, as the case may be, and forward a copy
of the order rescinding the notification or withdrawing the approval
to such fund or institution or trust or any university or other educa-
tional institution or any hospital or other medical institution and to the
Assessing Officer:] S. 10(23C)I.T. ACT, 19611.8676.Inserted by the Finance Act, 2002, w.e.f. 1-4-2003.
77.Inserted by the Finance Act, 2007, w.e.f. 1-6-2007.

1.87 CH. III – INCOMES WHICH DO NOT FORM PART OF TOTAL INCOMES. 10(23D)
78
[Provided also that in case the fund or trust or institution or any
university or other educational institution or any hospital or other
medical institution referred to in the first proviso makes an applica-
tion on or after the 1st day of June, 2006 for the purposes of grant of
exemption or continuance thereof, such application shall be made at
any time during the financial year immediately preceding the assess-
ment year from which the exemption is sought :] 79
[Provided also that any anonymous donation referred to in section
115BBC on which tax is payable in accordance with the provisions of
the said section shall be included in the total income :] 80
[Provided also that all pending applications, on which no notifica-
tion has been issued under sub-clause (iv) or sub-clause (v) before the
1st day of June, 2007, shall stand transferred on that day to the
prescribed authority and the prescribed authority may proceed with
such applications under those sub-clauses from the stage at which
they were on that day;] 81
[(23D)82
[83
[84
[subject to the provisions of Chapter XII-E, any income of]—] (i)a Mutual Fund registered under the Securities and Exchange
Board of India Act, 1992 (15 of 1992) or regulations made
thereunder;
(ii)such other Mutual Fund set up by a public sector bank or a public
financial institution or authorised by the Reserve Bank of India
and subject to such conditions as the Central Government may,
by notification85
in the Official Gazette, specify in this behalf.] Explanation.—For the purposes of this clause,—
(a)the expression “public sector bank” means the State Bank of
India constituted under the State Bank of India Act, 1955 (23
of 1955), a subsidiary bank as defined in the State Bank of
India (Subsidiary Banks) Act, 1959 (38 of 1959), a corres-78.Inserted by the Finance Act, 2006, w.e.f. 1-6-2006.
79.Inserted, ibid., w.e.f. 1-4-2007.
80.Inserted by the Finance Act, 2007, w.e.f. 1-6-2007.
81.Inserted by the Direct Tax Laws (Amendment) Act, 1987, w.e.f. 1-4-1988.
82.Substituted for the portion beginning with the words “any income of such Mutual Fund”
and ending with the words “specify in this behalf” by the Finance Act, 1995, w.e.f. 1-7-1995.
Prior to substitution, the said portion, as amended by the Finance Act, 1988, w.e.f. 1-4-1988,
the Direct Tax Laws (Amendment) Act, 1989, w.r.e.f. 1-4-1988 and the Finance Act, 1992,
w.e.f. 1-4-1993, read as under :
“any income of such Mutual Fund set up by a public sector bank or a public financial
institution or authorised by the Securities and Exchange Board of India or the Reserve
Bank of India and subject to such conditions as the Central Government may, by
notification in the Official Gazette, specify in this behalf.”
83.Substituted for “any income of—” by the Finance Act, 1999, w.e.f. 1-4-2000.
84.Substituted for “any income of” by the Finance Act, 2003, w.e.f. 1-4-2004. Earlier the words
“subject to the provisions of Chapter XII-E,” were omitted by the Finance Act, 2002, w.e.f.
1-4-2003.
85.For notified mutual funds, see Taxmann’s Master Guide to Income-tax Act.

ponding new Bank constituted under section 3 of the
Banking Companies (Acquisition and Transfer of Under-
takings) Act, 1970 (5 of 1970), or under section 3 of the
Banking Companies (Acquisition and Transfer of Under-
takings) Act, 1980 (40 of 1980);
(b)the expression “public financial institution” shall have the
meaning assigned to it in section 4A of the Companies Act,
1956 (1 of 1956)86
;] 87
[(c)the expression 88
“Securities and Exchange Board of India”
shall have the meaning assigned to it in clause (a) of sub-
section (1) of section 2 of the Securities and Exchange Board
of India Act, 1992 (15 of 1992);] (23E)89
[Omitted by the Finance Act, 2002, w.e.f. 1-4-2003;] 90
[(23EA)any income 91
[, by way of contributions received from recognised
stock exchanges and the members thereof,] of such Investor Protec-
tion Fund set up by recognisedstock exchanges in India, either jointly
or separately, as the Central Government may, by notification92
in the
Official Gazette, specify in this behalf:
Provided that where any amount standing to the credit of the Fund
and not charged to income-tax during any previous year is shared,
either wholly or in part, with a recognised stock exchange, the whole
of the amount so shared shall be deemed to be the income of the
previous year in which such amount is so shared and shall accord-
ingly be chargeable to income-tax;] S. 10(23EA)I.T. ACT, 19611.8886.For text of section 4A of the Companies Act, 1956, and notified institutions thereunder, see
Appendix.
87.Inserted by the Finance Act, 1992, w.e.f. 1-4-1993.
88.Clause (a) of section 2(1) of the Securities and Exchange Board of India Act, 1992, defines
“Board” as follows:
‘(a)“Board” means the Securities and Exchange Board of India established under
section 3;’
89.Prior to its omission, clause (23E), as inserted by the Finance Act, 1989, w.e.f. 1-4-1989, read
as under :
‘(23E)any income of such Exchange Risk Administration Fund set up by public financial
institutions, either jointly or separately, as the Central Government may, by
notification in the Official Gazette, specify in this behalf:
Provided that where any amount standing to the credit of the Fund and not charged
to income-tax during any previous year is shared, either wholly or in part, with a
public financial institution, the whole of the amount so shared shall be deemed to
be the income of the previous year in which such amount is so shared and shall
accordingly be chargeable to income-tax.
Explanation.—For the purposes of this clause, the expression “public financial
institution” shall have the meaning assigned to it in section 4A of the Companies Act,
1956 (1 of 1956);’
90.Inserted by the Finance Act, 2000, w.e.f. 1-4-2001.
91.Inserted by the Finance Act, 2006, w.e.f. 1-4-2007.
92.For notified Investor Protection Fund set up by recognised stock exchange, see Taxmann’s
Master Guide to Income-tax Act.

93
[(23EB)any income of the Credit Guarantee Fund Trust for Small 94
[***] Industries, being a trust created by the Government of India and the
Small Industries Development Bank of India established under sub-
section (1) of section 3 of the Small Industries Development Bank of
India Act, 1989 (39 of 1989), for five previous years relevant to the
assessment years beginning on the 1st day of April, 2002 and ending
on the 31st day of March, 2007;] 95
[(23EC)any income, by way of contributions received from commodity ex-
changes and the members thereof, of such Investor Protection Fund
set up by commodity exchanges in India, either jointly or separately, as
the Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette,
specify in this behalf:
Provided that where any amount standing to the credit of the said
Fund and not charged to income-tax during any previous year is
shared, either wholly or in part, with a commodity exchange, the whole
of the amount so shared shall be deemed to be the income of the
previous year in which such amount is so shared and shall accordingly
be chargeable to income-tax.
Explanation.—For the purposes of this clause, “commodity exchange”
shall mean a “registered association” as defined in clause (jj) of
section 2 of the Forward Contracts (Regulation) Act, 1952 (74 of
1952)96
;] 97
[(23F)any income by way of dividends or long-term capital gains of
a venture capital fund or a venture capital company from
investments made by way of equity shares in a venture capital
undertaking :
Provided that such venture capital fund or venture capital company
is approved for the purposes of this clause by the prescribed autho-
rity98
in accordance with the rules99
made in this behalf and satisfies
the prescribed conditions :
Provided further that any approval by the prescribed authority shall,
at any one time, have effect for such assessment year or years, not
exceeding three assessment years, as may be specified in the order of
approval :
1
[Provided also that nothing contained in this clause shall apply
in respect of any investment made after the 31st day of March,
1999.] 1.89CH. III – INCOMES WHICH DO NOT FORM PART OF TOTAL INCOMES. 10(23F)93.Inserted by the Finance Act, 2002, w.e.f. 1-4-2002.
94.Word “Scale” omitted by the Finance Act, 2003, w.r.e.f. 1-4-2002.
95.Inserted by the Finance Act, 2007, w.e.f. 1-4-2008.
96.For definition of “Commodity exchange”, see Appendix.
97.Inserted by the Finance Act, 1995, w.e.f. 1-4-1996.
98.Prescribed authority is Director of Income-tax (Exemptions).
99.See rule 2D and Form Nos. 56A, 56B and 56C.
1.Inserted by the Finance Act, 1999, w.e.f. 1-4-2000.

2
[* * *] 2
[* * *] Explanation.—For the purposes of this clause,—
(a)“venture capital fund” means such fund, operating under a trust
deed registered under the provisions of the Registration Act, 1908
(16 of 1908), established to raise monies by the trustees for
investments mainly by way of acquiring equity shares of a
venture capital undertaking in accordance with the prescribed
guidelines;
(b)“venture capital company” means such company as has made
investments by way of acquiring equity shares of venture capital
undertakings in accordance with the prescribed guidelines;
3
[(c)“venture capital undertaking” means such domestic company
whose shares are not listed in a recognised stock exchange in
India and which is engaged in the business of generation or
generation and distribution of electricity or any other form of
power or engaged in the business of providing telecommunica-
tion services or in the business of developing, maintaining and
operating any infrastructure facility or engaged in the manufac-
ture or production of such articles or things (including computer
software) as may be notified4
by the Central Government in this
behalf; and
(d)“infrastructure facility” means a road, highway, bridge, airport,
port, rail system, a water supply project, irrigation project, sani-
tation and sewerage system or any other public facility of a S. 10(23F)I.T. ACT, 19611.902.Third and fourth provisos omitted by the Finance (No. 2) Act, 1998, w.e.f. 1-4-1999. Prior
to their omission, the third and fourth provisos, as inserted by the Finance Act, 1995, w.e.f.
1-4-1996, read as under :
“Provided also that if the aforesaid equity shares are transferred (other than in the event
of the said shares being listed in a recognised stock exchange in India) by a venture capital
fund or a venture capital company to any person at any time within a period of three years
from the date of their acquisition, the aggregate amount of income by way of dividends
on such equity shares which has not been included in the total income of the previous year
or years preceding the previous year in which such transfer has taken place shall be
deemed to be the income of the venture capital fund or of the venture capital company
of the previous year in which such transfer has taken place:
Provided also that the exemption shall not be allowed in respect of the long-term capital
gains, if any, arising on such transfer of equity shares as is mentioned in the third proviso.”
3.Clauses (c) and (d) substituted for clause (c) by the Finance (No. 2) Act, 1998, w.e.f.
1-4-1999. Prior to substitution, clause (c), as amended by the Finance Act, 1997, w.e.f.
1-4-1998, read as under :
‘(c)“venture capital undertaking” means such domestic company whose shares are
not listed in a recognised stock exchange in India and which is engaged in the
business of generation or generation and distribution of electricity or any other
form of power or business of providing telecommunication services or in the
manufacture or production of such articles or things (including computer
software) as may be notified by the Central Government in this behalf;’
4.For notified articles or things, see Taxmann’s Master Guide to Income-tax Act.

1.91CH. III – INCOMES WHICH DO NOT FORM PART OF TOTAL INCOMES. 10(23FA)
similar nature as may be notified by the Board in this behalf in the
Official Gazette and which fulfils the conditions specified in sub-
section (4A) of section 80-IA;] 5
[(23FA)any income by way of dividends 6
[, other than dividends referred to
in section 115-O],
or long-term capital gains of a venture capital fund
or a venture capital company from investments made by way of
equity shares in a venture capital undertaking:
Provided that such venture capital fund or venture capital company
is approved, for the purposes of this clause, by the Central Govern-
ment on an application made to it in accordance with the rules7
made
in this behalf and which satisfies the prescribed conditions :
Provided further that any approval by the Central Government shall,
at any one time, have effect for such assessment year or years, not
exceeding three assessment years, as may be specified in the order of
approval :
8
[Provided also that nothing contained in this clause shall apply in
respect of any investment made after the 31st day of March, 2000.] Explanation.—For the purposes of this clause,—
(a)“venture capital fund” means such fund, operating under a trust
deed registered under the provisions of the Registration Act, 1908
(16 of 1908), established to raise monies by the trustees for
investments mainly by way of acquiring equity shares of aventure
capital undertaking in accordance with the prescribedguidelines;
(b)“venture capital company” means such company as has made
investments by way of acquiring equity shares of venture capital
undertakings in accordance with the prescribed guidelines; and
(c)“venture capital undertaking” means such domestic company
whose shares are not listed in a recognised stock exchange in
India and which is engaged in the—
(i)business of—
(A)software;
(B)information technology;
(C)production of basic drugs in the pharmaceutical sector;
(D)bio-technology;
(E)agriculture and allied sectors; or
(F)such other sectors as may be notified9
by the Central
Government in this behalf; or5.Inserted by the Finance Act, 1999, w.e.f. 1-4-2000.
6.Inserted by the Finance Act, 2003, w.e.f. 1-4-2004. Earlier, it was omitted by the Finance
Act, 2002, w.e.f. 1-4-2003.
7.See rule 2DA and Form Nos. 56AA, 56BA and 56CA.
8.Inserted by the Finance Act, 2000, w.e.f. 1-4-2001.
9.See also notification issued under section 10(23F). For details, see Taxmann’s Master
Guide to Income-tax Act.

(ii)production or manufacture of any article or substance for
which patent has been granted to the National Research
Laboratory or any other scientific research institution
approved by the Department of Science and Technology;] 10
[(23FB)any income of a venture capital company or venture capital fund
11
[from investment] in a venture capital undertaking.
Explanation 12
[1].—For the purposes of this clause,—
(a)“venture capital company” means such company—
(i)which has been granted a certificate of registration
under the Securities and Exchange Board of India Act,
1992 (15 of 1992), and regulations made thereunder;
(ii)which fulfils the conditions as may be specified, with the
approval of the Central Government, by the Securities
and Exchange Board of India, by notification in the
Official Gazette, in this behalf;
(b)“venture capital fund” means such fund—
13
[(i)operating under a trust deed registered under the
provisions of the Registration Act, 1908 (16 of 1908) or
operating as a venture capital scheme made by the Unit
Trust of India established under the Unit Trust of India
Act, 1963 (52 of 1963);] (ii)which has been granted a certificate of registration
under the Securities and Exchange Board of India Act,
1992 (15 of 1992), and regulations made thereunder;
(iii)which fulfils the conditions as may be specified, with the
approval of the Central Government, by the Securities
and Exchange Board of India, bynotification in the
Official Gazette, in this behalf; and
14
[(c)“venture capital undertaking” means such domestic company
whose shares are not listed in a recognised stock exchange in
India and which is engaged in the— S. 10(23FB)I.T. ACT, 19611.9210.Inserted by the Finance Act, 2000, w.e.f. 1-4-2001.
11.Substituted for “set up to raise funds for investment” by the Finance Act, 2007, w.e.f.
1-4-2008.
12.Explanation numbered as Explanation 1 by the Finance Act, 2001, w.e.f. 1-4-2001.
13.Substituted by the Finance Act, 2001, w.e.f. 1-4-2001. Prior to its substitution, sub-clause
(i) read as under :
“(i)operating under a trust deed registered under the provisions of the Registration
Act, 1908 (16 of 1908);”
14.Substituted by the Finance Act, 2007, w.e.f. 1-4-2008. Prior to its substitution, clause (c)
of Explanation 1, as substituted by the Finance (No. 2) Act, 2004, w.e.f. 1-10-2004, read as
under:
‘(c)“venture capital undertaking” means a venture capital undertaking referred to in
the Securities and Exchange Board of India (Venture Capital Funds) Regulations,
1996 made under the Securities and Exchange Board of India Act, 1992 (15 of 1992)
and notified as such in the Official Gazette by the Board for the purposes of this
clause;’

(i)business of—
(A)nanotechnology;
(B)information technology relating to hardware and
software development;
(C)seed research and development;
(D)bio-technology;
(E)research and development of new chemical entities
in the pharmaceutical sector;
(F)production of bio-fuels;
(G)building and operating composite hotel-cum-con-
vention centre with seating capacity of more than
three thousand; or
(H)developing or operating and maintaining or deve-
loping, operating and maintaining any infrastruc-
ture facility as defined in the Explanation to clause
(i) of sub-section (4) of section 80-IA; or
(ii)dairy or poultry industry;] 15
[***] (23G)16
[Omitted by the Finance Act, 2006, w.e.f. 1-4-2007;] 1.93CH. III – INCOMES WHICH DO NOT FORM PART OF TOTAL INCOMES. 10(23G)
(Contd. on p. 1.94)15.Omitted by the Finance (No. 2) Act, 2004, w.e.f. 1-10-2004. Prior to its omission, Explanation
2, as inserted by the Finance Act, 2001, w.e.f. 1-4-2001, read as under :
“Explanation 2.—For the removal of doubts it is hereby declared that the income of a
venture capital company or venture capital fund shall continue to be exempt if the shares
of the venture capital undertaking, in which the venture capital company or venture
capital fund has made the initial investment, are subsequently listed in a recognised stock
exchange in India;”
16.Prior to its omission, clause (23G), as inserted by the Finance (No. 2) Act, 1996, w.e.f. 1-4-
1997 and later on amended by the Finance Act, 1997, w.e.f. 1-4-1998, substituted by the
Finance (No. 2) Act, 1998, w.e.f. 1-4-1999 and further amended by the Income-tax (Second
Amendment) Act, 1998, w.e.f. 1-4-1999, Finance Act, 1999, w.e.f. 1-4-2000, Finance Act,
2000, w.e.f. 1-4-2000/1-4-2001, Finance Act, 2001, w.e.f. 1-4-2002, Finance Act, 2002, w.e.f.
1-4-2003, Finance Act, 2003, w.e.f. 1-4-2004/w.r.e.f. 1-4-2002, Finance (No. 2) Act, 2004,
w.e.f. 1-4-2005 and Special Economic Zones Act, 2005, w.e.f. 10-2-2006, read as under :
‘(23G)any income by way of dividends, other than dividends referred to in section
115-O, interest or long-term capital gains of an infrastructure capital fund or an
infrastructure capital company or a co-operative bank from investments made on
or after the 1st day of June, 1998 by way of shares or long-term finance in any
enterprise or undertaking wholly engaged in the business referred to in sub-
section (4) of section 80-IA or sub-section (3) of section 80-IAB or a housing project
referred to in sub-section (10) of section 80-IB or a hotel project or a hospital
project and which has been approved by the Central Government on an applica-
tion made by it in accordance with the rules made in this behalf and which satisfies
the prescribed conditions :
Provided that the income, by way of dividends, other than dividends referred to
in section 115-O, interest or long-term capital gains of an infrastructure capital
company, shall be taken into account in computing the book profit and income-
tax payable under section 115JB.

S. 10(25)I.T. ACT, 19611.94
17
[18
(24)any income chargeable under the heads “Income from house
property” and “Income from other sources” of—
(a)a registered union within the meaning of the Trade Unions Act,
1926 (16 of 1926), formed primarily for the purpose of regulating
the relations between workmen and employers or between work-
men and workmen;
(b)an association of registered unions referred to in sub-clause (a);] (25)(i) interest on securities which are held by, or are the property of, any
provident fund to which the Provident Funds Act, 1925 (19 of 1925),
applies, and any capital gains of the fund arising from the sale,
exchange or transfer of such securities;
Explanation 1.—For the purposes of this clause,—
(a)“infrastructure capital company” means such company as has made invest-
ments by way of acquiring shares or providing long-term finance to an
enterprise wholly engaged in the business referred to in this clause;
(b)“infrastructure capital fund” means such fund operating under a trust deed
registered under the provisions of the Registration Act, 1908 (16 of 1908)
established to raise monies by the trustees for investment by way of
acquiring shares or providing long-term finance to an enterprise wholly
engaged in the business referred to in this clause;
(c)[***] (d)“long-term finance” shall have the meaning assigned to it in clause (viii) of
sub-section (1) of section 36;
(e)“co-operative bank” shall have the meaning assigned to it in clause (dd) of
section 2 of the Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation Act,
1961 (47 of 1961);
(f)“interest” includes any fee or commission received by a financial institution
for giving any guarantee to, or enhancing credit in respect of, an enterprise
which has been approved by the Central Government for the purposes of this
clause;
(g)“hotel project” means a project for constructing a hotel of not less than three-
star category as classified by the Central Government;
(h)“hospital project” means a project for constructing a hospital with at least one
hundred beds for patients.
Explanation 2.—For the removal of doubts, it is hereby declared that any income
by way of dividends, interest or long-term capital gains of an infrastructure
capital fund or an infrastructure capital company from investments made before
the 1st day of June, 1998 by way of shares or long-term finance in any enterprise
carrying on the business of developing, maintaining and operating any infrastruc-
ture facility shall not be included and the provisions of this clause as it stood
immediately before its amendment by the Finance (No. 2) Act, 1998 (21 of 1998)
shall apply to such income;’
17.Substituted by the Finance (No. 2) Act, 1996, w.e.f. 1-4-1997. Prior to its substitution, clause
(24), as amended by the Finance Act, 1988, w.e.f. 1-4-1989, read as under :
‘(24)any income chargeable under the heads “Income from house property” and
“Income from other sources” of a registered union within the meaning of the Indian
Trade Unions Act, 1926 (16 of 1926), formed primarily for the purpose of regulating
the relations between workmen and employers or between workmen and work-
men;’
18.For relevant case laws, see Taxmann’s Master Guide to Income-tax Act.(Contd. from p. 1.93)

1.95CH. III – INCOMES WHICH DO NOT FORM PART OF TOTAL INCOMES. 10(26)
(ii) any income received by the trustees on behalf of a recognised
provident fund;
(iii) any income received by the trustees on behalf of an approved
superannuation fund;
19
[(iv) any income received by the trustees on behalf of an approved
gratuity fund;] 20
[(v) any income received—
(a)by the Board of Trustees constituted under the Coal Mines
Provident Funds and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1948 (46 of
1948), on behalf of the Deposit-linked Insurance Fund established
under section 3G of that Act; or
(b)by the Board of Trustees constituted under the Employees’
Provident Funds and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952 (19 of
1952), on behalf of the Deposit-linked Insurance Fund established
under section 6C of that Act;] 21
[(25A)any income of the Employees’ State Insurance Fund set up under
the provisions of the Employees’ State Insurance Act, 1948 (34 of
1948);] 22
[(26)23
in the case of a member of a 24
Scheduled Tribe as defined in
clause (25) of article 366 of the Constitution, residing23a
in any area
specified in Part I or Part II of the Table appended to paragraph 20 of
the Sixth Schedule to the Constitution or in the 25
[States of Arunachal
Pradesh, Manipur, Mizoram, Nagaland and Tripura] or in the areas
covered by notification No. TAD/R/35/50/109, dated the 23rd Feb-
ruary, 1951, issued by the Governor of Assam under the proviso to
sub-paragraph (3) of the said paragraph 20 [as it stood immediately
before the commencement of the North-Eastern Areas (Reorga-
nisation) Act, 1971 (81 of 1971)] 26
[or in the Ladakh region of the State19.Inserted by the Finance Act, 1972, w.e.f. 1-4-1973.
20.Inserted by the Labour Provident Fund Laws (Amendment) Act, 1976, w.e.f. 1-8-1976.
21.Inserted by the Finance Act, 1995, w.r.e.f. 1-4-1962.
22.Substituted by the North-Eastern Areas (Reorganisation) (Adaptation of Laws on Union
Subjects) Order, 1974, with retrospective effect from 21-1-1972. Earlier, clause (26) was
amended first by the State of Nagaland (Adaptation of Laws on Union Subjects) Order,
1965, with retrospective effect from 1-12-1963 and then by the Taxation Laws (Amend-
ment) Act, 1970, with retrospective effect from 1-4-1962.
23.For relevant case laws, see Taxmann’s Master Guide to Income-tax Act.
23a.For the meaning of the term “residing”, see Taxmann’s Direct Taxes Manual, Vol. 3.
24.Clause (25) of article 366 of the Constitution defines “Scheduled Tribes” as under :
‘(25)“Scheduled Tribes” means such tribes or tribal communities or parts of or groups
within such tribes or tribal communities as are deemed under article 342 to be
Scheduled Tribes for the purposes of this Constitution;’
25.Substituted for “States of Nagaland, Manipur and Tripura or in the Union territories of
Arunachal Pradesh and Mizoram” by the Finance Act, 1994, w.e.f. 1-4-1995.
26.Inserted by the Finance (No. 2) Act, 1998, w.e.f. 1-4-1999.

of Jammu and Kashmir], any income which accrues or arises to
him,—
(a)from any source in the areas 27
[or States aforesaid], or
(b)by way of dividend or interest on securities;] 28
[(26A)any income accruing or arising to any person 29
[* * *] from any source
in the district of Ladakh or outside India in any previous year relevant
to any assessment year commencing before the 1st day of April,
30
[1989], where such person is resident in the said district in that
previous year:
Provided that this clause shall not apply in the case of any such person
unless he was resident in that district in the previous year relevant to
the assessment year commencing on the 1st day of April, 1962.
31
[Explanation 1].—For the purposes of this clause, a person shall be
deemed to be resident in the district of Ladakh if he fulfils the
requirements of sub-section (1)32
or sub-section (2) or sub-section (3)
or sub-section (4) of section 6, as the case may be, subject to the
modifications that—
(i)references in those sub-sections to India shall be construed as
references to the said district; and
(ii)in clause (i) of sub-section (3), reference to Indian company shall
be construed as reference to a company formed and registered
under any law for the time being in force in the State of Jammu
and Kashmir and having its registered office in that district in that
year.] 33
[Explanation 2.—In this clause, references to the district of Ladakh
shall be construed as references to the areas comprised in the said
district on the 30th day of June, 1979;] (26AA)34
[* * *] S. 10(26AA)I.T. ACT, 19611.9627.Substituted for “, States or Union territories aforesaid” by the Finance Act, 1994, w.e.f.
1-4-1995.
28.Inserted by the Finance (No. 2) Act, 1965, w.r.e.f. 1-4-1962.
29.“(not being an individual who is in the service of Government)” omitted by the Finance
(No. 2) Act, 1971, w.r.e.f. 1-4-1962.
30.Substituted for “1986” by the Finance Act, 1985, w.e.f. 1-4-1985. Earlier “1986” was
substituted for “1983” by the Finance Act, 1983, w.e.f. 1-4-1983, “1983” was substituted for
“1980” by the Finance Act, 1980, w.e.f. 1-4-1980, “1980” was substituted for “1975” by the
Finance (No.2) Act, 1977, with retrospective effect from 1-4-1975 and “1975” was
substituted for “1970” by the Finance (No. 2) Act, 1971, w.r.e.f. 1-4-1970.
31.Existing Explanation renumbered as Explanation 1 by the Finance Act, 1983, w.r.e.f.
1-4-1980.
32.Should be read as clause (1), etc.
33.Inserted by the Finance Act, 1983, w.r.e.f. 1-4-1980.
34.Omitted by the Finance Act, 1997, w.e.f. 1-4-1998. Prior to its omission, clause (26AA), as
inserted by the Finance Act, 1989, w.e.f. 1-4-1990, read as under :
“(26AA)any income of a person by way of winnings from any lottery, the draw of which
is held in pursuance of any agreement entered into on or before the 28th day
of February, 1989 between the State Government of Sikkim and the organising
agents of such lottery, where such person is resident in the State of Sikkim in
any previous year.
(Contd. on p. 1.97)

1.97CH. III – INCOMES WHICH DO NOT FORM PART OF TOTAL INCOMES. 10(26B)
34a
[(26AAA)in case of an individual, being a Sikkimese, any income which accrues
or arises to him—
(a)from any source in the State of Sikkim; or
(b)by way of dividend or interest on securities:
Provided that nothing contained in this clause shall apply to a
Sikkimese woman who, on or after the 1st day of April, 2008, marries
an individual who is not a Sikkimese.
Explanation.—For the purposes of this clause, “Sikkimese” shall mean—
(i)an individual, whose name is recorded in the register maintained
under the Sikkim Subjects Regulation, 1961 read with the Sikkim
Subject Rules, 1961 (hereinafter referred to as the “Register of
Sikkim Subjects”), immediately before the 26th day of April, 1975;
or
(ii)an individual, whose name is included in the Register of Sikkim
Subjects by virtue of the Government of India Order No. 26030/
36/90-I.C.I., dated the 7th August, 1990 and Order of even number
dated the 8th April, 1991; or
(iii)any other individual, whose name does not appear in the Register
of Sikkim Subjects, but it is established beyond doubt that the
name of such individual’s father or husband or paternal grand-
father or brother from the same father has been recorded in that
register;]The following clause (26AAB) shall be inserted after clause (26AAA)
of section 10 by the Finance Act, 2008, w.e.f. 1-4-2009:
(26AAB)any income of an agricultural produce market committee or board
constituted under any law for the time being in force for the purposeof regulating the marketing of agricultural produce;
35
[(26B)any income of a corporation established by a Central, State or
Provincial Act or of any other body, institution or association (being
a body, institution or association wholly financed by Government)
where such corporation or other body or institution or association has
been established or formed for promoting the interests of the
36
[members of the Scheduled Castes or the Scheduled Tribes or
backward classes or of any two or all of them].(Contd. from p. 1.96)
Explanation.—For the purposes of this clause, a person shall be deemed to be
resident in the State of Sikkim if he fulfils the requirements of clause (1) or
clause (2) or clause (3) or clause (4) of section 6, as the case may be, subject to
the modifications that—
(i)references in those clauses to India shall be construed as references to the
State of Sikkim; and
(ii)in sub-clause (i) of clause (3), reference to Indian company shall be
construed as reference to a company formed and registered under any
law for the time being in force in the State of Sikkim and having its
registered office in that State in that year;”
34a.Inserted by the Finance Act, 2008, w.r.e.f. 1-4-1990.
35.Inserted by the Finance Act, 1980, w.r.e.f. 1-4-1972.
36.Substituted for “members of either the Scheduled Castes or the Scheduled Tribes or of
both” by the Finance Act, 1994, w.r.e.f. 1-4-1993.

37
[Explanation.—For the purposes of this clause,—
(a)38
Scheduled Castes” and 39
“Scheduled Tribes” shall have the
meanings respectively assigned to them in clauses (24) and (25) of
article 366 of the Constitution;
(b)“backward classes” means such classes of citizens, other than
the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes, as may be
notified—
(i)by the Central Government; or
(ii)by any State Government,
as the case may be, from time to time;] 40
[(26BB)any income of a corporation established by the Central Government
or any State Government for promoting the interests of the members
of a minority community.
Explanation.—For the purposes of this clause, “minority community”
means a community notified41
as such by the Central Government in
the Official Gazette in this behalf;] 42
[(26BBB)any income of a corporation established by a Central, State or
Provincial Act for the welfare and economic upliftment of ex-service-
men being the citizens of India.
Explanation.—For the purposes of this clause, “ex-serviceman” means
a person who has served in any rank, whether as combatant or non-
combatant, in the armed forces of the Union or armed forces of the
Indian States before the commencement of the Constitution (but
excluding the Assam Rifles, Defence Security Corps, General Reserve
Engineering Force, Lok Sahayak Sena, Jammu and Kashmir Militia
and Territorial Army) for a continuous period of not less than six
months after attestation and has been released, otherwise than by
way of dismissal or discharge on account of misconduct or inefficiency,
and in the case of a deceased or incapacitated ex-serviceman includes
his wife, children, father, mother, minor brother, widowed daughter
and widowed sister, wholly dependant upon such ex-serviceman
immediately before his death or incapacitation;] 43
[(27)any income of a co-operative society formed for promoting the
interests of the members of either the Scheduled Castes or Scheduled
Tribes or both referred to in clause (26B) : S. 10(27)I.T. ACT, 19611.9837.Substituted by the Finance Act, 1994, w.r.e.f. 1-4-1993. Earlier Explanation, as inserted by
the Finance Act, 1980, w.r.e.f. 1-4-1972.
38.Clause (24) of article 366 of the Constitution defines “Scheduled Castes” as under:
‘(24)“Scheduled Castes” means such castes, races or tribes or parts of or groups within
such castes, races or tribes as are deemed under article 341 to be Scheduled Castes
for the purposes of this Constitution;’
39.For definition of “Scheduled Tribes”, see footnote 24 on p. 1.95 ante.
40.Inserted by the Finance Act, 1995, w.e.f. 1-4-1995.
41.For notified minority communities, see Taxmann’s Master Guide to Income-tax Act.
42.Inserted by the Finance Act, 2003, w.e.f. 1-4-2004.
43.Inserted by the Finance Act, 1992, w.r.e.f. 1-4-1989. Earlier clause (27) was omitted by the
Finance Act, 1975, w.e.f. 1-4-1976 and re-enacted in section 80JJ with modification.
Originally, clause (27) was inserted by the Finance Act, 1964, w.e.f. 1-4-1964 and later on
amended by the Finance (No. 2) Act, 1967, w.e.f. 1-4-1967.

Provided that the membership of the co-operative society consists of
only other co-operative societies formed for similar purposes and the
finances of the society are provided by the Government and such
other societies;] (28)44
[* * *] (29)45
[Omitted by the Finance Act, 2002, w.e.f. 1-4-2003;] 46
[(29A)any income accruing or arising to—
(a)the Coffee Board constituted under section 4 of the Coffee Act,
1942 (7 of 1942) in any previous year relevant to any assessment
year commencing on or after the 1st day of April, 1962 or the
previous year in which such Board was constituted, whichever is
later;
(b)the Rubber Board constituted under sub-section (1) of section 4
of the Rubber Board Act, 1947 (24 of 1947) in any previous year
relevant to any assessment year commencing on or after the 1st
day of April, 1962 or the previous year in which such Board was
constituted, whichever is later;
(c)the Tea Board established under section 4 of the Tea Act, 1953 (29
of 1953) in any previous year relevant to any assessment year
commencing on or after the 1st day of April, 1962 or the previous
year in which such Board was constituted, whichever is later;
(d)the Tobacco Board constituted under the Tobacco Board Act,
1975 (4 of 1975) in any previous year relevant to any assessment
year commencing on or after the 1st day of April, 1975 or the
previous year in which such Board was constituted, whichever is
later;
(e)the Marine Products Export Development Authority established
under section 4 of the Marine Products Export Development
Authority Act, 1972 (13 of 1972) in any previous year relevant to
any assessment year commencing on or after the 1st day of April,
1972 or the previous year in which such Authority was consti-
tuted, whichever is later;
(f)the Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Develop-
ment Authority established under section 4 of the Agricultural
and Processed Food Products Export Development Act, 1985 (2
of 1986) in any previous year relevant to any assessment year
commencing on or after the 1st day of April, 1985 or the previous
year in which such Authority was constituted, whichever is later;
(g)the Spices Board constituted under sub-section (1) of section 3 of
the Spices Board Act, 1986 (10 of 1986) in any previous year
relevant to any assessment year commencing on or after the 1st
day of April, 1986 or the previous year in which such Board was
constituted, whichever is later;] 1.99CH. III – INCOMES WHICH DO NOT FORM PART OF TOTAL INCOMES. 10(29A)44.Omitted by the Finance Act, 1997, w.e.f. 1-4-1998. Prior to its omission, clause (28) was
inserted by the Finance Act, 1965, w.e.f. 1-4-1965 and substituted by the Finance (No. 2)
Act, 1965, w.e.f. 11-9-1965.
45.Inserted by the Finance (No. 2) Act, 1967, w.e.f. 1-4-1968.
46.Inserted by the Finance Act, 1999, w.e.f. 11-5-1999.

S. 10(31)I.T. ACT, 19611.100
46a
[(h)the Coir Board established under section 4 of the Coir Industry Act,
1953 (45 of 1953);] 47
[(30)48
in the case of an assessee who carries on the business of growing and
manufacturing tea in India, the amount of any subsidy received from
or through the Tea Board under any such scheme49
for replantation
or replacement of tea bushes 50
[or for rejuvenation or consolidation
of areas used for cultivation of tea] as the Central Government may,
by notification in the Official Gazette, specify:
Provided that the assessee furnishes to the 51
[Assessing] Officer,
along with his return of income51a
for the assessment year concerned
or within such further time as the 51
[Assessing] Officer may allow, a
certificate from the Tea Board as to the amount of such subsidy paid
to the assessee during the previous year.
Explanation.—In this clause, “Tea Board” means the Tea Board
established under section 4 of the Tea Act, 1953 (29 of 1953);] 52
[(31)in the case of an assessee who carries on the business of growing and
manufacturing rubber, coffee, cardamom or such other commodity
in India, as the Central Government may, by notification in the Official
Gazette, specify in this behalf, the amount of any subsidy received
from or through the concerned Board under any such scheme for
replantation or replacement of rubber plants, coffee plants, carda-
mom plants or plants for the growing of such other commodity or for
rejuvenation or consolidation of areas used for cultivation of rubber,
coffee, cardamom or such other commodity as the Central Govern-
ment may, by notification in the Official Gazette, specify:
Provided that the assessee furnishes to the Assessing Officer, along
with his return of income51a
for the assessment year concerned or
within such further time as the Assessing Officer may allow, a
certificate from the concerned Board, as to the amount of such
subsidy paid to the assessee during the previous year.
Explanation.—In this clause, “concerned Board” means,—
(i)in relation to rubber, the Rubber Board constituted under section
4 of the Rubber Act, 1947 (24 of 1947),
(ii)in relation to coffee, the Coffee Board constituted under section
4 of the Coffee Act, 1942 (7 of 1942),
(iii)in relation to cardamom, the Spices Board constituted under
section 3 of the Spices Board Act, 1986 (10 of 1986),46a.Inserted by the Finance Act, 2008, w.r.e.f. 1-4-2002.
47.Inserted by the Taxation Laws (Amendment) Act, 1970, w.r.e.f. 1-4-1969.
48.See rule 8(2).
49.For specified schemes, see Taxmann’s Master Guide to Income-tax Act.
50.Inserted by the Finance Act, 1984, w.e.f. 1-4-1985.
51.Substituted for “Income-tax” by the Direct Tax Laws (Amendment) Act, 1987, w.e.f.
1-4-1988.
51a.Rule 12 provides that the return of income shall not be accompanied by any document or
copy of any account or form or report of audit required to be attached with return of
income under any of the provisions of the Act.
52.Inserted by the Finance Act, 1988, w.e.f. 1-4-1989.

1.101CH. III – INCOMES WHICH DO NOT FORM PART OF TOTAL INCOMES. 10(35)
(iv)in relation to any other commodity specified under this clause,
any Board or other authority established under any law for the
time being in force which the Central Government may, by
notification in the Official Gazette, specify in this behalf;] 53
[(32)in the case of an assessee referred to in sub-section (1A) of section 64,
any income includible in his total income under that sub-section,
to the extent such income does not exceed one thousand five
hundred rupees in respect of each minor child whose income is so
includible;] 54
[(33)any income arising from the transfer of a capital asset, being a unit of
the Unit Scheme, 1964 referred to in Schedule I to the Unit Trust of
India (Transfer of Undertaking and Repeal) Act, 2002 (58 of 2002)55
and where the transfer of such asset takes place on or after the 1st day
of April, 2002;] 56
[(34)any income by way of dividends referred to in section 115-O.
57
[Explanation.—For the removal of doubts, it is hereby declared that
the dividend referred to in section 115-O shall not be included in the
total income of the assessee, being a Developer or entrepreneur;] (35)any income by way of,—
(a)income received in respect of the units of a Mutual Fund specified
under clause (23D); or
(b)income received in respect of units from the Administrator of the
specified undertaking; or
(c)income received in respect of units from the specified company:
Provided that this clause shall not apply to any income arising from
transfer of units of the Administrator of the specified undertaking or
of the specified company or of a mutual fund, as the case may be.
Explanation.—For the purposes of this clause,—
(a)“Administrator” means the Administrator as referred to in clause
(a) of section 2 of the Unit Trust of India (Transfer of Undertaking
and Repeal) Act, 2002 (58 of 2002)58
;53.Inserted by the Finance Act, 1992, w.e.f. 1-4-1993.
54.Inserted by the Finance Act, 2003, w.e.f. 1-4-2003. Earlier clause (33) was inserted by the
Finance Act, 1997, w.e.f. 1-4-1998, substituted by the Finance Act, 1999, w.e.f. 1-4-2000,
amended by the Finance Act, 2001, w.r.e.f. 1-4-2000 and later on omitted by the Finance
Act, 2002, w.e.f. 1-4-2003. Prior to omission, clause (33) read as under :
“(33) any income by way of—
(i)dividends referred to in section 115-O; or
(ii)income received in respect of units from the Unit Trust of India established
under the Unit Trust of India Act, 1963 (52 of 1963); or
(iii)income received in respect of the units of a mutual fund specified under clause
(23D) :
Provided that this clause shall not apply to any income arising from transfer of units
of the Unit Trust of India or of a mutual fund, as the case may be.”
55.For text of the Unit Trust of India (Transfer of Undertaking & Repeal) Act, 2002, see
Direct Taxes Manual, Vol. 3.
56.Clauses (34), (35) and (36) inserted by the Finance Act, 2003, w.e.f. 1-4-2004.
57.Inserted by the Special Economic Zones Act, 2005, w.e.f. 10-2-2006.
58.For text of the Unit Trust of India (Transfer of Undertaking & Repeal) Act, 2002, see
Direct Taxes Manual, Vol. 3.

S. 10(38)I.T. ACT, 19611.102
(b)“specified company” means a company as referred to in clause (h)
of section 2 of the Unit Trust of India (Transfer of Undertaking
and Repeal) Act, 2002 (58 of 2002)58a
;
(36)any income arising from the transfer of a long-term capital asset,
being an eligible equity share in a company purchased on or after the
1st day of March, 2003 and before the 1st day of March, 2004 and held
for a period of twelve months or more.
Explanation.—For the purposes of this clause, “eligible equity share”
means,—
(i)any equity share in a company being a constituent of BSE-500
Index of the Stock Exchange, Mumbai as on the 1st day of March,
2003 and the transactions of purchase and sale of such equity
share are entered into on a recognised stock exchange in India;
(ii)any equity share in a company allotted through a public issue on
or after the 1st day of March, 2003 and listed in a recognised stock
exchange in India before the 1st day of March, 2004 and the
transaction of sale of such share is entered into on a recognised
stock exchange in India;] 59
[(37)in the case of an assessee, being an individual or a Hindu undivided
family, any income chargeable under the head “Capital gains” arising
from the transfer of agricultural land, where—
(i)such land is situate in any area referred to in item (a) or item (b)
of sub-clause (iii) of clause (14) of section 2;
(ii)such land, during the period of two years immediately preceding
the date of transfer, was being used for agricultural purposes by
such Hindu undivided family or individual or a parent of his;
(iii)such transfer is by way of compulsory acquisition under any law,
or a transfer the consideration for which is determined or ap-
proved by the Central Government or the Reserve Bank of India;
(iv)such income has arisen from the compensation or consideration
for such transfer received by such assessee on or after the 1st day
of April, 2004.
Explanation.—For the purposes of this clause, the expression “com-
pensation or consideration” includes the compensation or con-
sideration enhanced or further enhanced by any court, Tribunal or
other authority;
(38)any income arising from the transfer of a long-term capital asset,
being an equity share in a company or a unit of an equity oriented
fund where—
(a)the transaction of sale of such equity share or unit is entered into
on or after the date on which Chapter VII of the Finance (No. 2)
Act, 2004 comes into force; and
(b)such transaction is chargeable to securities transaction tax under
that Chapter :58a.For text of the Unit Trust of India (Transfer of Undertaking & Repeal) Act, 2002, see
Direct Taxes Manual, Vol. 3.
59.Clauses (37) and (38) inserted by the Finance (No. 2) Act, 2004, w.e.f. 1-4-2005.

1.103CH. III – INCOMES WHICH DO NOT FORM PART OF TOTAL INCOMES. 10(42)
60
[Provided that the income by way of long-term capital gain of a
company shall be taken into account in computing the book profit and
income-tax payable under section 115JB.] Explanation.—For the purposes of this clause, “equity oriented fund”
means a fund—
(i)where the investible funds are invested by way of equity shares
in domestic companies to the extent of more than 61
[sixty-five] per
cent of the total proceeds of such fund; and
(ii)which has been set up under a scheme of a Mutual Fund specified
under clause (23D) :
Provided that the percentage of equity shareholding of the fund shall
be computed with reference to the annual average of the monthly
averages of the opening and closing figures;] 62
[(39)any specified income, arising from any international sporting
event held in India, to the person or persons notified63
by the Central
Government in the Official Gazette, if such international sporting
event—
(a)is approved by the international body regulating the international
sport relating to such event;
(b)has participation by more than two countries;
(c)is notified63
by the Central Government in the Official Gazette for
the purposes of this clause.
Explanation.—For the purposes of this clause, “the specified income”
means the income, of the nature and to the extent, arising from the
international sporting event, which the Central Government may
notify63
in this behalf;
(40)any income of any subsidiary company by way of grant or otherwise
received from an Indian company, being its holding company en-
gaged in the business of generation or transmission or distribution of
power if receipt of such income is for settlement of dues in connection
with reconstruction or revival of an existing business of power
generation:
Provided that the provisions of this clause shall apply if recon-
struction or revival of any existing business of power generation is by
way of transfer of such business to the Indian company notified under
sub-clause (a) of clause (v) of sub-section (4) of section 80-IA;
(41)any income arising from transfer of a capital asset, being an asset of
an undertaking engaged in the business of generation or transmission
or distribution of power where such transfer is effected on or before
the 31st day of March, 2006, to the Indian company notified under
sub-clause (a) of clause (v) of sub-section (4) of section 80-IA;] 64
[(42)any specified income arising to a body or authority which—60.Inserted by the Finance Act, 2006, w.e.f. 1-4-2007.
61.Substituted for “fifty”, ibid., w.e.f. 1-6-2006.
62.Clauses (39) to (41) inserted by the Taxation Laws (Amendment) Act, 2005, w.e.f. 1-4-2006.
63.For notified persons, notified sporting events and specified income, see Taxmann’s Master
Guide to Income-tax Act.
64.Inserted by the Finance Act, 2006, w.e.f. 1-4-2006.

S. 10AI.T. ACT, 19611.104
(a)has been established or constituted or appointed under a treaty
or an agreement entered into by the Central Government with
two or more countries or a convention signed by the Central
Government;
(b)is established or constituted or appointed not for the purposes of
profit;
(c)is notified by the Central Government in the Official Gazette65
for
the purposes of this clause.
Explanation.—For the purposes of this clause, “specified income”
means the income, of the nature and to the extent, arising to the body
or authority referred to in this clause, which the Central Government
may notify65
in this behalf;] 65a
[(43)any amount received by an individual as a loan, either in lump sum or
in instalment, in a transaction of reverse mortgage referred to in clause
(xvi) of section 47.] 66
[Special provision in respect of newly established undertakings in free trade
zone, etc.67
10A.(1) Subject to the provisions of this section, a deduction of such profits
and gains as are derived by an undertaking from the export of articles or
things or computer software for a period of ten consecutive assessment years
beginning with the assessment year relevant to the previous year in which the
undertaking begins to manufacture or produce such articles or things or
computer software, as the case may be, shall be allowed from the total income
of the assessee :
Provided that where in computing the total income of the undertaking for any
assessment year, its profits and gains had not been included by application of the
provisions of this section as it stood immediately before its substitution by the
Finance Act, 2000, the undertaking shall be entitled to deduction referred to in
this sub-section only for the unexpired period of the aforesaid ten consecutive
assessment years :
Provided further that where an undertaking initially located in any free trade
zone or export processing zone is subsequently located in a special economic
zone by reason of conversion of such free trade zone or export processing zone
into a special economic zone, the period of ten consecutive assessment years
referred to in this sub-section shall be reckoned from the assessment year
relevant to the previous year in which the 68
[undertaking began to manufacture65.For notified authority, see Taxmann’s Master Guide to Income-tax Act.
65a.Inserted by the Finance Act, 2008, w.e.f. 1-4-2008.
66.Substituted by the Finance Act, 2000, w.e.f. 1-4-2001. Prior to its substitution, section 10A
was inserted by the Finance Act, 1981, w.e.f. 1-4-1981, and later on amended by the
Taxation Laws (Amendment and Miscellaneous Provisions) Act, 1986, w.e.f. 1-4-1987,
Direct Tax Laws (Amendment) Act, 1987, w.e.f. 1-4-1988/1-4-1989, Finance Act, 1987,
w.r.e.f. 1-4-1981/w.e.f. 1-4-1988, Finance Act, 1988, w.e.f. 1-4-1989, Finance Act, 1993, w.e.f.
1-4-1994/w.r.e.f. 1-4-1991, Finance Act, 1995, w.e.f. 1-4-1996, Income-tax (Second Amend-
ment) Act, 1998, w.e.f. 1-4-1999 and Finance Act, 1999, w.e.f. 1-4-2000.
67.See Instruction No. 1/2006, dated 31-3-2006. For details, see Taxmann’s Master Guide to
Income-tax Act.
68.Substituted for “undertaking was first set up” by the Finance Act, 2001, w.e.f. 1-4-2001.

1.105CH. III – INCOMES WHICH DO NOT FORM PART OF TOTAL INCOMES. 10A
or produce such articles or things or computer software] in such free trade zone
or export processing zone :
69
[Provided also that for the assessment year beginning on the 1st day of April,
2003, the deduction under this sub-section shall be ninety per cent of the profits
and gains derived by an undertaking from the export of such articles or things
or computer software :] Provided also that no deduction under this section shall be allowed to any
undertaking for the assessment year beginning on the 1st day of April, 69a
[2011] and subsequent years.
70
[(1A) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (1), the deduction, in
computing the total income of an undertaking, which begins to manufacture or
produce articles or things or computer software during the previous year
relevant to any assessment year commencing on or after the 1st day of April,
2003, in any special economic zone, shall be,—
(i)hundred per cent of profits and gains derived from the export of such
articles or things or computer software for a period of five consecu-
tive assessment years beginning with the assessment year relevant to
the previous year in which the undertaking begins to manufacture or
produce such articles or things or computer software, as the case may
be, and thereafter, fifty per cent of such profits and gains for further
two consecutive assessment years, and thereafter;
(ii)for the next three consecutive assessment years, so much of the
amount not exceeding fifty per cent of the profit as is debited to the
profit and loss account of the previous year in respect of which the
deduction is to be allowed and credited to a reserve account (to be
called the “Special Economic Zone Re-investment Allowance Re-
serve Account”) to be created and utilised for the purposes of the
business of the assessee in the manner laid down in sub-section (1B):
71
[Provided that no deduction under this section shall be allowed to an assessee
who does not furnish a return of his income on or before the due date specified
under sub-section (1) of section 139.]69.Inserted by the Finance Act, 2002, w.e.f. 1-4-2003. Earlier the third proviso was omitted by
the Finance Act, 2001, w.e.f. 1-4-2002. Prior to omission, third proviso read as under :
“Provided also that the profits and gains derived from such domestic sales of articles or
things or computer software as do not exceed twenty-five per cent of total sales shall be
deemed to be the profits and gains derived from the export of articles or things or
computer software:”
69a.Substituted for “2010” by the Finance Act, 2008, w.e.f. 1-4-2008.
70.Sub-sections (1A) to (1C) substituted for sub-section (1A) by the Finance Act, 2003, w.e.f.
1-4-2004. Prior to its substitution, sub-section (1A), as inserted by the Finance Act, 2002,
w.e.f. 1-4-2003, read as under :
“(1A) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (1), the deduction, in computing
the total income of an undertaking, which begins to manufacture or produce articles or
things or computer software during the previous year relevant to any assessment year
commencing on or after the 1st day of April, 2003, in any special economic zone, shall be
hundred per cent of profits and gains derived from the export of such articles or things
or computer software for a period of five consecutive assessment years beginning with
the assessment year relevant to the previous year in which the undertaking begins to
manufacture or produce such articles or things or computer software, as the case may be,
and thereafter, fifty per cent of such profits and gains for further two assessment years.”
71.Inserted by the Finance Act, 2005, w.e.f. 1-4-2006.

S. 10AI.T. ACT, 19611.106
(1B) The deduction under clause (ii) of sub-section (1A) shall be allowed only if
the following conditions are fulfilled, namely:—
(a)the amount credited to the Special Economic Zone Re-investment
Allowance Reserve Account is to be utilised—
(i)for the purposes of acquiring new machinery or plant which is
first put to use before the expiry of a period of three years next
following the previous year in which the reserve was created; and
(ii)until the acquisition of new machinery or plant as aforesaid, for
the purposes of the business of the undertaking other than for
distribution by way of dividends or profits or for remittance
outside India as profits or for the creation of any asset outside
India;
(b)the particulars, as may be prescribed72
in this behalf, have been
furnished by the assessee in respect of new machinery or plant along
with the return of income for the assessment year relevant to the
previous year in which such plant or machinery was first put to use.
(1C) Where any amount credited to the Special Economic Zone Re-investment
Allowance Reserve Account under clause (ii) of sub-section (1A),—
(a)has been utilised for any purpose other than those referred to in sub-
section (1B), the amount so utilised; or
(b)has not been utilised before the expiry of the period specified in sub-
clause (i) of clause (a) of sub-section (1B), the amount not so utilised,
shall be deemed to be the profits,—
(i)in a case referred to in clause (a), in the year in which the amount was
so utilised; or
(ii)in a case referred to in clause (b), in the year immediately following
the period of three years specified in sub-clause (i) of clause (a) of sub-
section (1B),
and shall be charged to tax accordingly.] (2) This section applies to any undertaking which fulfils all the following
conditions, namely :—
(i)it has begun or begins to manufacture or produce articles or things or
computer software during the previous year relevant to the assess-
ment year—
(a)commencing on or after the 1st day of April, 1981, in any free
trade zone; or
(b)commencing on or after the 1st day of April, 1994, in any
electronic hardware technology park, or, as the case may be,
software technology park;
(c)commencing on or after the 1st day of April, 2001 in any special
economic zone;72.See rule 16DD & Form No. 56FF.

1.107CH. III – INCOMES WHICH DO NOT FORM PART OF TOTAL INCOMES. 10A
(ii)it is not formed by the splitting up, or the reconstruction, of a business
already in existence :
Provided that this condition shall not apply in respect of any under-
taking which is formed as a result of the re-establishment, reconstruc-
tion or revival by the assessee of the business of any such undertak-
ings as is referred to in section 33B, in the circumstances and within
the period specified in that section;
(iii)it is not formed by the transfer to a new business of machinery or plant
previously used for any purpose.
Explanation.—The provisions of Explanation 1 and Explanation 2 to sub-
section (2) of section 80-I shall apply for the purposes of clause (iii) of this sub-
section as they apply for the purposes of clause (ii) of that sub-section.
(3) This section applies to the undertaking, if the sale proceeds of articles or things
or computer software exported out of India are received in, or brought into, India
by the assessee in convertible foreign exchange, within a period of six months
from the end of the previous year or, within such further period as the competent
authority may allow in this behalf.
Explanation 1.—For the purposes of this sub-section, the expression “competent
authority” means the Reserve Bank of India or such other authority as is
authorised under any law for the time being in force for regulating payments and
dealings in foreign exchange.
Explanation 2.—The sale proceeds referred to in this sub-section shall be deemed
to have been received in India where such sale proceeds are credited to a
separate account maintained for the purpose by the assessee with any bank
outside India with the approval of the Reserve Bank of India.
73
[(4) For the purposes of 74
[sub-sections (1) and (1A)], the profits derived from
export of articles or things or computer software shall be the amount which
bears to the profits of the business of the undertaking, the same proportion as the
export turnover in respect of such articles or things or computer software bears
to the total turnover of the business carried on by the undertaking.] (5) The deduction under 74
[this section] shall not be admissible for any assess-
ment year beginning on or after the 1st day of April, 2001, unless the assessee
furnishes in the prescribed form75
, alongwith the return of income, the report of
an accountant, as defined in the Explanation below sub-section (2) of section 288,
certifying that the deduction has been correctly claimed in accordance with the
provisions of this section.
(6) Notwithstanding anything contained in any other provision of this Act, in
computing the total income of the assessee of the previous year relevant to the73.Substituted by the Finance Act, 2001, w.e.f. 1-4-2001. Prior to its substitution, sub-section
(4) read as under :
“(4) For the purposes of sub-section (1), the profits derived from export of articles or things
or computer software shall be the amount which bears to the profits of the business, the
same proportion as the export turnover in respect of such articles or things or computer
software bears to the total turnover of the business carried on by the assessee.”
74.Substituted for “sub-section (1)” by the Finance Act, 2003, w.e.f. 1-4-2003.
75.See rule 16D and Form No. 56F.

S. 10AI.T. ACT, 19611.108
assessment year immediately succeeding the last of the relevant assessment
years, or of any previous year, relevant to any subsequent assessment year,—
(i)section 32, section 32A, section 33, section 35 and clause (ix) of sub-
section (1) of section 36 shall apply as if every allowance or deduction
referred to therein and relating to or allowable for any of the relevant
assessment years 76
[ending before the 1st day of April, 2001], in
relation to any building, machinery, plant or furniture used for the
purposes of the business of the undertaking in the previous year
relevant to such assessment year or any expenditure incurred for the
purposes of such business in such previous year had been given full
effect to for that assessment year itself and accordingly sub-section
(2) of section 32, clause (ii) of sub-section (3) of section 32A, clause (ii)
of sub-section (2) of section 33, sub-section (4) of section 35 or the
second proviso to clause (ix) of sub-section (1) of section 36, as the
case may be, shall not apply in relation to any such allowance or
deduction;
(ii)no loss referred to in sub-section (1) of section 72 or sub-section (1) or
sub-section (3) of section 74, in so far as such loss relates to the
business of the undertaking, shall be carried forward or set off where
such loss relates to any of the relevant assessment years 76
[ending
before the 1st day of April, 2001];
(iii)no deduction shall be allowed under section 80HH or section 80HHA
or section 80-I or section 80-IA or section 80-IB in relation to the
profits and gains of the undertaking; and
(iv)in computing the depreciation allowance under section 32, the writ-
ten down value of any asset used for the purposes of the business of
the undertaking shall be computed as if the assessee had claimed and
been actually allowed the deduction in respect of depreciation for
each of the relevant assessment year.
(7) The provisions of sub-section (8) and sub-section (10) of section 80-IA shall,
so far as may be, apply in relation to the undertaking referred to in this section
as they apply for the purposes of the undertaking referred to in section 80-IA.
77
[(7A) Where any undertaking of an Indian company which is entitled to the
deduction under this section is transferred, before the expiry of the period
specified in this section, to another Indian company in a scheme of amalgamation
or demerger,—
(a)no deduction shall be admissible under this section to the amalgam-
ating or the demerged company for the previous year in which the
amalgamation or the demerger takes place; and
(b)the provisions of this section shall, as far as may be, apply to the
amalgamated or the resulting company as they would have applied to
the amalgamating or the demerged company if the amalgamation or
demerger had not taken place.]76.Inserted by the Finance Act, 2003, w.r.e.f. 1-4-2001.
77.Inserted by the Finance Act, 2003, w.e.f. 1-4-2004.

78
[(7B) The provisions of this section shall not apply to any undertaking, being a
Unit referred to in clause (zc) of section 279
of the Special Economic Zones Act,
2005, which has begun or begins to manufacture or produce articles or things or
computer software during the previous year relevant to the assessment year
commencing on or after the 1st day of April, 2006 in any Special Economic Zone.] (8) Notwithstanding anything contained in the foregoing provisions of this
section, where the assessee, before the due date for furnishing the return of
income under sub-section (1) of section 139, furnishes to the Assessing Officer a
declaration in writing that the provisions of this section may not be made
applicable to him, the provisions of this section shall not apply to him for any of
the relevant assessment years.
(9) 80
[Omitted by the Finance Act, 2003, w.e.f. 1-4-2004.] (9A) 81
[Omitted by the Finance Act, 2003, w.e.f. 1-4-2004.] Explanation 1.— 82
[Omitted by the Finance Act, 2003, w.e.f. 1-4-2004.] Explanation 2.—For the purposes of this section,—
(i)“computer software” means—
(a)any computer programme recorded on any disc, tape, perforated
media or other information storage device; or
(b)any customized electronic data or any product or service of
similar nature, as may be notified83
by the Board, 1.109CH. III – INCOMES WHICH DO NOT FORM PART OF TOTAL INCOMES. 10A
(Contd. on p. 1.110)78.Inserted by the Special Economic Zones Act, 2005, w.e.f. 10-2-2006.
79.For text of section 2(zc) of Special Economic Zones Act, 2005, see Appendix.
80.Prior to its omission, sub-section (9) read as under :
“(9) Where during any previous year, the ownership or the beneficial interest in the
undertaking is transferred by any means, the deduction under sub-section (1) shall not be
allowed to the assessee for the assessment year relevant to such previous year and the
subsequent years.”
81.Prior to its omission, sub-section (9A), as inserted by the Finance Act, 2002, w.e.f. 1-4-2003,
read as under :
“(9A) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (9), where as a result of
reorganisation of business, a firm or a sole proprietary concern is succeeded by a company
and the ownership or beneficial interest in the undertaking of the firm or the sole
proprietary concern is transferred to the company, the deduction under sub-section (1)
in respect of such undertaking shall be allowed to the company, as the same would have
been allowed to such firm or sole proprietary concern, as the case may be, if the
reorganisation had not taken place:
Provided that,—
(a)in the case of a firm, the aggregate of the shareholding in the company of the
partners of the firm is not less than fifty-one per cent of the total voting power in
the company and their shareholding continues to be as such for the period for
which the company is eligible for deduction under this section;
(b)in the case of a sole proprietary concern, the shareholding of the sole proprietor in
the company is not less than fifty-one per cent of the total voting power in the
company and his shareholding continues to remain as such for the period for which
the company is eligible for deduction under this section.”
82.Prior to its omission, Explanation 1, as amended by the Finance Act, 2001, w.e.f. 1-4-2001,
read as under :

which is transmitted or exported from India to any place outside India
by any means;
(ii)“convertible foreign exchange” means foreign exchange which is for
the time being treated by the Reserve Bank of India as convertible
foreign exchange for the purposes of the Foreign Exchange Regula-
tion Act, 1973 (46 of 1973), and any rules made thereunder or any
other corresponding law for the time being in force;
(iii)“electronic hardware technology park” means any park set up in
accordance with the Electronic Hardware Technology Park (EHTP)
Scheme notified83a
by the Government of India in the Ministry of
Commerce and Industry;
(iv)“export turnover” means the consideration in respect of export 84
[by
the undertaking] of articles or things or computer software received
in, or brought into, India by the assessee in convertible foreign
exchange in accordance with sub-section (3), but does not include
freight, telecommunication charges or insurance attributable to the
delivery of the articles or things or computer software outside India
or expenses, if any, incurred in foreign exchange in providing the
technical services outside India;
(v)“free trade zone” means the Kandla Free Trade Zone and the Santacruz
Electronics Export Processing Zone and includes any other free trade
zone which the Central Government may, by notification in the
Official Gazette,85
specify for the purposes of this section;
(vi)“relevant assessment year” means any assessment year falling within
a period of ten consecutive assessment years referred to in this
section;
(vii)“software technology park” means any park set up in accordance with
the Software Technology Park Scheme notified83a
by the Government
of India in the Ministry of Commerce and Industry;
(viii)“special economic zone” means a zone which the Central Government
may, by notification in the Official Gazette, specify as a special
economic zone for the purposes of this section.] S. 10AI.T. ACT, 19611.110
“Explanation 1.—For the purposes of this section, in the case of a company, where on the
last day of any previous year, the shares of the company carrying not less than fifty-one
per cent of the voting power are not beneficially held by persons who held the shares of
the company carrying not less than fifty-one per cent of the voting power on the last day
of the year in which the undertaking was set up, the company shall be presumed to have
transferred its ownership or the beneficial interest in the undertaking :
Provided that nothing contained in this Explanation shall apply to any change in the
shareholding of the company as a result of—
(a)its becoming a company in which the public are substantially interested; or
(b)disinvestment of its equity shares by any venture capital company or venture
capital fund.”
83.For notified Information Technology enabled products or services, see Taxmann’s Master
Guide to Income-tax Act.
83a.For notified Schemes, see Taxmann’s Direct Taxes Manual, Vol. 3.
84.Inserted by the Finance Act, 2001, w.e.f. 1-4-2001.
85.For notified Free Trade Zones, see Taxmann’s Master Guide to Income-tax Act.(Contd. from p. 1.109)

1.111CH. III – INCOMES WHICH DO NOT FORM PART OF TOTAL INCOMES. 10AA
86
[Explanation 3.—For the removal of doubts, it is hereby declared that the
profits and gains derived from on site development of computer software
(including services for development of software) outside India shall be deemed
to be the profits and gains derived from the export of computer software outside
India.] 87
[Explanation 4.—For the purposes of this section, “manufacture or produce”
shall include the cutting and polishing of precious and semi-precious stones.] 88
[Special provisions in respect of newly established Units in Special Economic
Zones.
10AA.(1) Subject to the provisions of this section, in computing the
total income of an assessee, being an entrepreneur as referred to in clause
(j) of section 289
of the Special Economic Zones Act, 2005, from his Unit, who
begins to manufacture or produce articles or things or provide any services
during the previous year relevant to any assessment year commencing on or
after the 1st day of April, 2006, a deduction of—
(i)hundred per cent of profits and gains derived from the export, of such
articles or things or from services for a period of five consecutive
assessment years beginning with the assessment year relevant to the
previous year in which the Unit begins to manufacture or produce
such articles or things or provide services, as the case may be, and fifty
per cent of such profits and gains for further five assessment years
and thereafter;
(ii)for the next five consecutive assessment years, so much of the
amount not exceeding fifty per cent of the profit as is debited to the
profit and loss account of the previous year in respect of which the
deduction is to be allowed and credited to a reserve account (to be
called the “Special Economic Zone Re-investment Reserve Account”)
to be created and utilized for the purposes of the business of the
assessee in the manner laid down in sub-section (2).
(2) The deduction under clause (ii) of sub-section (1) shall be allowed only if the
following conditions are fulfilled, namely :—
(a)the amount credited to the Special Economic Zone Re-investment
Reserve Account is to be utilised—
(i)for the purposes of acquiring machinery or plant which is first put
to use before the expiry of a period of three years following the
previous year in which the reserve was created; and
(ii)until the acquisition of the machinery or plant as aforesaid, for the
purposes of the business of the undertaking other than for
distribution by way of dividends or profits or for remittance
outside India as profits or for the creation of any asset outside
India;86.Inserted by the Finance Act, 2001, w.e.f. 1-4-2001.
87.Inserted by the Finance Act, 2003, w.e.f. 1-4-2004.
88.Inserted by the Special Economic Zones Act, 2005, w.e.f. 10-2-2006.
89.See Appendix.

(b)the particulars, as may be specified by the Central Board of Direct
Taxes in this behalf, under clause (b) of sub-section (1B) of section 10A
have been furnished by the assessee in respect of machinery or
plant along with the return of income for the assessment year
relevant to the previous year in which such plant or machinery was
first put to use.
(3) Where any amount credited to the Special Economic Zone Re-investment
Reserve Account under clause (ii) of sub-section (1),—
(a)has been utilised for any purpose other than those referred to in sub-
section (2), the amount so utilised; or
(b)has not been utilised before the expiry of the period specified in sub-
clause (i) of clause (a) of sub-section (2), the amount not so utilised,
shall be deemed to be the profits,—
(i)in a case referred to in clause (a), in the year in which the amount was
so utilised; or
(ii)in a case referred to in clause (b), in the year immediately following
the period of three years specified in sub-clause (i) of clause (a) of sub-
section (2),
and shall be charged to tax accordingly :
Provided that where in computing the total income of the Unit for any assess-
ment year, its profits and gains had not been included by application of the
provisions of sub-section (7B) of section 10A, the undertaking, being the Unit
shall be entitled to deduction referred to in this sub-section only for the
unexpired period of ten consecutive assessment years and thereafter it shall be
eligible for deduction from income as provided in clause (ii) of sub-section (1).
Explanation.—For the removal of doubts, it is hereby declared that an undertak-
ing, being the Unit, which had already availed, before the commencement of the
Special Economic Zones Act, 2005, the deductions referred to in section 10A for
ten consecutive assessment years, such Unit shall not be eligible for deduction
from income under this section :
Provided further that where a Unit initially located in any free trade zone or
export processing zone is subsequently located in a Special Economic Zone
by reason of conversion of such free trade zone or export processing zone into
a Special Economic Zone, the period of ten consecutive assessment years
referred to above shall be reckoned from the assessment year relevant to
the previous year in which the Unit began to manufacture, or produce or process
such articles or things or services in such free trade zone or export processing
zone :
Provided also that where a Unit initially located in any free trade zone or
export processing zone is subsequently located in a Special Economic Zone by
reason of conversion of such free trade zone or export processing zone into a
Special Economic Zone and has completed the period of ten consecutive
assessment years referred to above, it shall not be eligible for deduction from
income as provided in clause (ii) of sub-section (1) with effect from the 1st day
of April, 2006. S. 10AAI.T. ACT, 19611.112

1.113CH. III – INCOMES WHICH DO NOT FORM PART OF TOTAL INCOMES. 10AA
90
[(4) This section applies to any undertaking, being the Unit, which fulfils all the
following conditions, namely:—
(i)it has begun or begins to manufacture or produce articles or things or
provide services during the previous year relevant to the assessment
year commencing on or after the 1st day of April, 2006 in any Special
Economic Zone;
(ii)it is not formed by the splitting up, or the reconstruction, of a business
already in existence:
Provided that this condition shall not apply in respect of any under-
taking, being the Unit, which is formed as a result of the re-establish-
ment, reconstruction or revival by the assessee of the business of any
such undertaking as is referred to in section 33B, in the circumstances
and within the period specified in that section;
(iii)it is not formed by the transfer to a new business, of machinery or
plant previously used for any purpose.
Explanation.—The provisions of Explanations 1 and 2 to sub-section (3) of sec-
tion 80-IA shall apply for the purposes of clause (iii) of this sub-section as they
apply for the purposes of clause (ii) of that sub-section.] (5) Where any undertaking being the Unit which is entitled to the deduction
under this section is transferred, before the expiry of the period specified in this
section, to another undertaking, being the Unit in a scheme of amalgamation or
demerger,—
(a)no deduction shall be admissible under this section to the amalgam-
ating or the demerged Unit, being the company for the previous year
in which the amalgamation or the demerger takes place; and
(b)the provisions of this section shall, as they would have applied to the
amalgamating or the demerged Unit being the company as if the
amalgamation or demerger had not taken place.
(6) Loss referred to in sub-section (1) of section 72 or sub-section (1) or sub-
section (3) of section 74, in so far as such loss relates to the business of the
undertaking, being the Unit shall be allowed to be carried forward or set off.
(7) For the purposes of sub-section (1), the profits derived from the export of
articles or things or services (including computer software) shall be the amount
which bears to the profits of the business of the undertaking, being the Unit, the
same proportion as the export turnover in respect of such articles or things or
services bears to the total turnover of the business carried on by the assessee.
(8) The provisions of sub-sections (5) and (6) of section 10A shall apply to the
articles or things or services referred to in sub-section (1) as if—
(a)for the figures, letters and word “1st April, 2001”, the figures, letters
and word “1st April, 2006” had been substituted;90.Substituted by the Finance Act, 2007, w.r.e.f. 10-2-2006. Prior to its substitution, sub-
section (4) read as under :
“(4) This section applies to any undertaking being the Unit, which has begun or begins to
manufacture or produce articles or things or services during the previous year relevant
to the assessment year commencing on or after the 1st day of April, 2006, in any Special
Economic Zone.”

(b)for the word “undertaking”, the words “undertaking, being the Unit”
had been substituted.
(9) The provisions of sub-section (8) and sub-section (10) of section 80-IA shall,
so far as may be, apply in relation to the undertaking referred to in this section
as they apply for the purposes of the undertaking referred to in section 80-IA.
Explanation 1.—For the purposes of this section,—
(i)“export turnover” means the consideration in respect of export by the
undertaking, being the Unit of articles or things or services received
in, or brought into, India by the assessee but does not include freight,
telecommunication charges or insurance attributable to the delivery
of the articles or things outside India or expenses, if any, incurred in
foreign exchange in rendering of services (including computer soft-
ware) outside India;
(ii)“export in relation to the Special Economic Zones” means taking
goods or providing services out of India from a Special Economic
Zone by land, sea, air, or by any other mode, whether physical or
otherwise;
(iii)“manufacture” shall have the same meaning as assigned to it in clause
(r) of section 2 of the Special Economic Zones Act, 200591
;
(iv)“relevant assessment year” means any assessment year falling within
a period of fifteen consecutive assessment years referred to in this
section;
(v)“Special Economic Zone” and “Unit” shall have the same meanings as
assigned to them under clauses (za) and (zc)91
of section 2 of the
Special Economic Zones Act, 2005.
Explanation 2.—For the removal of doubts, it is hereby declared that the
profits and gains derived from on site development of computer software
(including services for development of software) outside India shall be deemed
to be the profits and gains derived from the export of computer software outside
India.] 92
[Special provisions in respect of newly established hundred per cent export-
oriented undertakings93
.
10B.(1) Subject to the provisions of this section, a deduction of such profits and
gains as are derived by a hundred per cent export-oriented undertaking
from the export of articles or things or computer software for a period of ten S. 10BI.T. ACT, 19611.11491.For text of section 2(r), (za) and (zc) of the Special Economic Zones Act, 2005, see Appendix.
92.Substituted by the Finance Act, 2000, w.e.f. 1-4-2001. Prior to its substitution, section 10B,
as inserted by the Finance Act, 1988, w.e.f. 1-4-1989 and later on amended by the Finance
Act, 1993, w.r.e.f. 1-4-1991, Finance Act, 1994, w.e.f. 1-4-1994/1-4-1995, Income-tax
(Second Amendment) Act, 1998, w.e.f. 1-4-1999 and Finance Act, 1999, w.e.f. 1-4-2000, read
as under :
‘10B. Special provision in respect of newly established hundred per cent export-oriented
undertakings.—(1) Subject to the provisions of this section, any profits and gains derived
by an assessee from a hundred per cent export-oriented undertaking (hereafter in this
section referred to as the undertaking) to which this section applies shall not be included
in the total income of the assessee.
(Contd. on p. 1.115)

1.115CH. III – INCOMES WHICH DO NOT FORM PART OF TOTAL INCOMES. 10B
(2) This section applies to any undertaking which fulfils all the following conditions,
namely :—
(i)it manufactures or produces any article or thing;
(ia)in relation to an undertaking which begins to manufacture or produce any article
or thing on or after the 1st day of April, 1994, its exports of such articles and things
are not less than seventy-five per cent of the total sales thereof during the previous
year;
(ii)it is not formed by the splitting up, or the reconstruction, of a business already in
existence :
Provided that this condition shall not apply in respect of any undertaking which is
formed as a result of the re-establishment, reconstruction or revival by the assessee
of the business of any such industrial undertaking as is referred to in section 33B,
in the circumstances and within the period specified in that section;
(iii)it is not formed by the transfer to a new business of machinery or plant previously
used for any purpose.
Explanation.—The provisions of Explanation 1 and Explanation 2 to sub-section (2) of
section 80-I shall apply for the purposes of clause (iii) of this sub-section as they apply for
the purposes of clause (ii) of that sub-section.
(3) The profits and gains referred to in sub-section (1) shall not be included in the total
income of the assessee in respect of any ten consecutive assessment years, beginning with
the assessment year relevant to the previous year in which the undertaking begins to
manufacture or produce articles or things.
(4) Notwithstanding anything contained in any other provision of this Act, in computing
the total income of the assessee of the previous year relevant to the assessment year
immediately succeeding the last of the relevant assessment years, or of any previous year
relevant to any subsequent assessment year,—
(i)section 32, section 32A, section 33 and clause (ix) of sub-section (1) of section 36 shall
apply as if every allowance or deduction referred to therein and relating to or
allowable for any of the relevant assessment years, in relation to any building,
machinery, plant or furniture used for the purposes of the business of the
undertaking in the previous year relevant to such assessment year or any expendi-
ture incurred for the purposes of such business in such previous year had been
given full effect to for that assessment year itself and accordingly sub-section (2) of
section 32, clause (ii) of sub-section (3) of section 32A, clause (ii) of sub-section (2)
of section 33 or the second proviso to clause (ix) of sub-section (1) of section 36, as
the case may be, shall not apply in relation to any such allowance or deduction;
(ii)no loss referred to in sub-section (1) of section 72 or sub-section (1) or sub-section
(3) of section 74, in so far as such loss relates to the business of the undertaking, shall
be carried forward or set off where such loss relates to any of the relevant
assessment years;
(iii)no deduction shall be allowed under section 80HH or section 80HHA or section
80-I or section 80-IA or section 80-IB in relation to the profits and gains of the
undertaking; and
(iv)in computing the depreciation allowance under section 32, the written down value
of any asset used for the purposes of the business of the undertaking shall be
computed as if the assessee had claimed and been actually allowed the deduction
in respect of depreciation for each of the relevant assessment years.
(5) Where the undertaking has begun to manufacture or produce articles or things in any
previous year relevant to the assessment year commencing before the 1st day of April,
1989, the assessee may, at his option, before the due date for furnishing the return of his
income under sub-section (1) of section 139 for the assessment year commencing on the
1st day of April, 1989, furnish to the Assessing Officer a declaration in writing that the
provisions of sub-section (1) may be made applicable to him for any five consecutive(Contd. from p. 1.114)
(Contd. on p. 1.116)

S. 10BI.T. ACT, 19611.116
consecutive assessment years beginning with the assessment year relevant to the
previous year in which the undertaking begins to manufacture or produce
articles or things or computer software, as the case may be, shall be allowed from
the total income of the assessee :
Provided that where in computing the total income of the undertaking for any
assessment year, its profits and gains had not been included by application of the
provisions of this section as it stood immediately before its substitution by the
Finance Act, 2000, the undertaking shall be entitled to the deduction referred to
in this sub-section only for the unexpired period of aforesaid ten consecutive
assessment years :
94
[Provided 95
[further] that for the assessment year beginning on the 1st day of
April, 2003, the deduction under this sub-section shall be ninety per cent of the
assessment years falling within a period of eight years beginning with the assessment year
commencing on the 1st day of April, 1989, and if he does so, then, the provisions of sub-
section (1) shall apply to him for each of such assessment years and the provisions of sub-
section (4) shall also apply in computing the total income of the assessee for the assessment
year immediately succeeding the last of such assessment years and any subsequent
assessment year.
(6) The provisions of sub-section (8) and sub-section (9) of section 80-I shall, so far as may
be, apply in relation to the undertaking referred to in this section as they apply for the
purposes of the industrial undertaking referred to in section 80-I.
(7) Notwithstanding anything contained in the foregoing provisions of this section, where
the assessee, before the due date for furnishing the return of his income under sub-section
(1) of section 139, furnishes to the Assessing Officer a declaration in writing that the
provisions of this section may not be made applicable to him, the provisions of this section
shall not apply to him for any of the relevant assessment years.
Explanation.— For the purposes of this section,—
(i)“hundred per cent export-oriented undertaking” means an undertaking which has
been approved as a hundred per cent export-oriented undertaking by the Board
appointed in this behalf by the Central Government in exercise of the powers
conferred by section 14 of the Industries (Development and Regulation) Act, 1951
(65 of 1951), and the rules made under that Act;
(ii)“relevant assessment years” means the ten consecutive assessment years referred
to in sub-section (3);
(iii)“manufacture” includes any—
(a)process, or
(b)assembling, or
(c)recording of programmes on any disc, tape, perforated media or other
information storage device;
(iv)“produce”, in relation to any article or thing referred to in clause (i) of sub-section
(2) includes production of computer programmes.’
93.See Circular No. 1/2005, dated 6-1-2005. For details, see Taxmann’s Master Guide to
Income-tax Act.
94.Inserted by the Finance Act, 2002, w.e.f. 1-4-2003. Earlier the second proviso was omitted
by the Finance Act, 2001, w.e.f. 1-4-2002. Prior to omission, it read as under :
“Provided further that the profits and gains derived from such domestic sales of articles
or things or computer software as do not exceed twenty-five per cent of the total sales shall
be deemed to be the profits and gains derived from the export of articles or things or
computer software:”
95.Substituted for “also” by the Finance Act, 2006, w.e.f. 1-4-2006.(Contd. from p. 1.115)

profits and gains derived by an undertaking from the export of such articles or
things or computer software:] Provided also that no deduction under this section shall be allowed to any
undertaking for the assessment year beginning on the 1st day of April, 95a
[2011] and subsequent years :
96
[Provided also that no deduction under this section shall be allowed to an
assessee who does not furnish a return of his income on or before the due date
specified under sub-section (1) of section 139.] (2) This section applies to any undertaking which fulfils all the following
conditions, namely :—
(i)it manufactures or produces any articles or things or computer
software;
(ii)it is not formed by the splitting up, or the reconstruction, of a business
already in existence :
Provided that this condition shall not apply in respect of any under-
taking which is formed as a result of the re-establishment, reconstruc-
tion or revival by the assessee of the business of any such undertaking
as is referred to in section 33B, in the circumstances and within the
period specified in that section ;
(iii)it is not formed by the transfer to a new business of machinery or plant
previously used for any purpose.
Explanation.—The provisions of Explanation 1 and Explanation 2 to sub-
section (2) of section 80-I shall apply for the purposes of clause (iii) of this sub-
section as they apply for the purposes of clause (ii) of that sub-section.
(3) This section applies to the undertaking, if the sale proceeds of articles or things
or computer software exported out of India are received in, or brought into, India
by the assessee in convertible foreign exchange, within a period of six months
from the end of the previous year or, within such further period as the competent
authority may allow in this behalf.
Explanation 1.—For the purposes of this sub-section, the expression “competent
authority” means the Reserve Bank of India or such other authority as is
authorised under any law for the time being in force for regulating payments and
dealings in foreign exchange.
Explanation 2.—The sale proceeds referred to in this sub-section shall be deemed
to have been received in India where such sale proceeds are credited to a
separate account maintained for the purpose by the assessee with any bank
outside India with the approval of the Reserve Bank of India.
97
[(4) For the purposes of sub-section (1), the profits derived from export of
articles or things or computer software shall be the amount which bears to the 1.117CH. III – INCOMES WHICH DO NOT FORM PART OF TOTAL INCOMES. 10B95a.Substituted for “2010” by the Finance Act, 2008, w.e.f. 1-4-2008.
96.Inserted by the Finance Act, 2006, w.e.f. 1-4-2006.
97.Substituted by the Finance Act, 2001, w.e.f. 1-4-2001. Prior to its substitution, sub-section
(4) read as under :
“(4) For the purposes of sub-section (1), the profits derived from export of articles or things
or computer software shall be the amount which bears to the profits of the business, the
same proportion as the export turnover in respect of such articles or things or computer
software bears to the total turnover of the business carried on by the assessee.”

S. 10BI.T. ACT, 19611.118
profits of the business of the undertaking, the same proportion as the export
turnover in respect of such articles or things or computer software bears to the
total turnover of the business carried on by the undertaking.] (5) The deduction under sub-section (1) shall not be admissible for any assess-
ment year beginning on or after the 1st day of April, 2001, unless the assessee
furnishes in the prescribed form98
, along with the return of income, the report of
an accountant, as defined in the Explanation below sub-section (2) of section
288, certifying that the deduction has been correctly claimed in accordance with
the provisions of this section.
(6) Notwithstanding anything contained in any other provision of this Act, in
computing the total income of the assessee of the previous year relevant to the
assessment year immediately succeeding the last of the relevant assessment
years, or of any previous year, relevant to any subsequent assessment year,—
(i)section 32, section 32A, section 33, section 35 and clause (ix) of sub-
section (1) of section 36 shall apply as if every allowance or deduction
referred to therein and relating to or allowable for any of the relevant
assessment years 99
[ending before the 1st day of April, 2001], in
relation to any building, machinery, plant or furniture used for the
purposes of the business of the undertaking in the previous year
relevant to such assessment year or any expenditure incurred for the
purposes of such business in such previous year had been given full
effect to for that assessment year itself and accordingly sub-section
(2) of section 32, clause (ii) of sub-section (3) of section 32A, clause (ii)
of sub-section (2) of section 33, sub-section (4) of section 35 or the
second proviso to clause (ix) of sub-section (1) of section 36, as the
case may be, shall not apply in relation to any such allowance or
deduction;
(ii)no loss referred to in sub-section (1) of section 72 or sub-section (1) or
sub-section (3) of section 74, in so far as such loss relates to the
business of the undertaking, shall be carried forward or set-off where
such loss relates to any of the relevant assessment years 1
[ending
before the 1st day of April, 2001];
(iii)no deduction shall be allowed under section 80HH or section 80HHA
or section 80-I or section 80-IA or section 80-IB in relation to the
profits and gains of the undertaking; and
(iv)in computing the depreciation allowance under section 32, the writ-
ten down value of any asset used for the purposes of the business of
the undertaking shall be computed as if the assessee had claimed and
been actually allowed the deduction in respect of depreciation for
each of the relevant assessment year.
(7) The provisions of sub-section (8) and sub-section (10) of section 80-IA shall,
so far as may be, apply in relation to the undertaking referred to in this section
as they apply for the purposes of the undertaking referred to in section 80-IA.98.See rule 16E and Form No. 56G.
99.Inserted by the Finance Act, 2003, w.r.e.f. 1-4-2001.
1.Inserted, ibid.

1.119CH. III – INCOMES WHICH DO NOT FORM PART OF TOTAL INCOMES. 10B
2
[(7A) Where any undertaking of an Indian company which is entitled to the
deduction under this section is transferred, before the expiry of the period
specified in this section, to another Indian company in a scheme of amalgam-
ation or demerger—
(a)no deduction shall be admissible under this section to the amalgam-
ating or the demerged company for the previous year in which the
amalgamation or the demerger takes place; and
(b)the provisions of this section shall, as far as may be, apply to the
amalgamated or resulting company as they would have applied to the
amalgamating or the demerged company if the amalgamation or the
demerger had not taken place.] (8) Notwithstanding anything contained in the foregoing provisions of this
section, where the assessee, before the due date for furnishing the return of
income under sub-section (1) of section 139, furnishes to the Assessing Officer a
declaration in writing that the provisions of this section may not be made
applicable to him, the provisions of this section shall not apply to him for any of
the relevant assessment year.
(9) 3
[Omitted by the Finance Act, 2003, w.e.f. 1-4-2004.] (9A) 4
[Omitted by the Finance Act, 2003, w.e.f. 1-4-2004.] Explanation 1.— 5
[Omitted by the Finance Act, 2003, w.e.f. 1-4-2004.] (Contd. on p. 1.120)2.Inserted by the Finance Act, 2003, w.e.f. 1-4-2004.
3.Prior to its omission, sub-section (9) read as under :
“(9) Where during any previous year, the ownership or the beneficial interest in the
undertaking is transferred by any means, the deduction under sub-section (1) shall not be
allowed to the assessee for the assessment year relevant to such previous year and the
subsequent years.”
4.Prior to its omission, sub-section (9A), as inserted by the Finance Act, 2002, w.e.f. 1-4-2003,
read as under :
“(9A) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (9), where as a result of
reorganisation of business, a firm or a sole proprietary concern is succeeded by a company
and the ownership or beneficial interest in the undertaking of the firm or the sole
proprietary concern is transferred to the company, the deduction under sub-section (1)
in respect of such undertaking shall be allowed to the company, as the same would have
been allowed to such firm or sole proprietary concern, as the case may be, if the
reorganisation had not taken place:
Provided that,—
(a)in the case of a firm, the aggregate of the shareholding in the company of the
partners of the firm is not less than fifty-one per cent of the total voting power in
the company and their shareholding continues to be as such for the period for
which the company is eligible for deduction under this section;
(b)in the case of a sole proprietary concern, the shareholding of the sole proprietor in
the company is not less than fifty-one per cent of the total voting power in the
company and his shareholding continues to remain as such for the period for which
the company is eligible for deduction under this section.”
5.Prior to its omission, Explanation 1, as amended by the Finance Act, 2001, w.e.f. 1-4-2001,
read as under :

Explanation 2.—For the purposes of this section,—
(i)“computer software” means—
(a)any computer programme recorded on any disc, tape, perforated
media or other information storage device; or
(b)any customized electronic data or any product or service of
similar nature as may be notified6
by the Board,
which is transmitted or exported from India to any place outside India
by any means;
(ii)“convertible foreign exchange” means foreign exchange which is for
the time being treated by the Reserve Bank of India as convertible
foreign exchange for the purposes of the Foreign Exchange Regula-
tion Act, 1973 (46 of 1973), and any rules made thereunder or any
other corresponding law for the time being in force;
(iii)“export turnover” means the consideration in respect of export 7
[by
the undertaking] of articles or things or computer software received
in, or brought into, India by the assessee in convertible foreign
exchange in accordance with sub-section (3), but does not include
freight, telecommunication charges or insurance attributable to the
delivery of the articles or things or computer software outside India
or expenses, if any, incurred in foreign exchange in providing the
technical services outside India;
(iv)“hundred per cent export-oriented undertaking” means an undertak-
ing which has been approved as a hundred per cent export-oriented
undertaking by the Board appointed in this behalf by the Central
Government in exercise of the powers conferred by section 148
of the
Industries (Development and Regulation) Act, 1951 (65 of 1951), and
the rules made under that Act;
(v)“relevant assessment years” means any assessment years falling
within a period of ten consecutive assessment years, referred to in this
section.] S. 10BI.T. ACT, 19611.120
“Explanation 1.—For the purposes of this section, in the case of a company, where on the
last day of any previous year, the shares of the company carrying not less than fifty-one
per cent of the voting power are not beneficially held by persons who held the shares of
the company carrying not less than fifty-one per cent of the voting power on the last day
of the year in which the undertaking was set up, the company shall be presumed to have
transferred its ownership or the beneficial interest in the undertaking :
Provided that nothing contained in this Explanation shall apply to any change in the
shareholding of the company as a result of—
(a)its becoming a company in which the public are substantially interested; or
(b)disinvestment of its equity shares by any venture capital company or venture
capital fund.”
6.For notified Information Technology enabled products or services, see Taxmann’s Master
Guide to Income-tax Act.
7.Inserted by the Finance Act, 2001, w.e.f. 1-4-2001.
8.For text of section 14 of the Industries (Development and Regulation) Act, 1951, see
Appendix.(Contd. from p. 1.119)

9
[Explanation 3.—For the removal of doubts, it is hereby declared that the profits
and gains derived from on site development of computer software (including
services for development of software) outside India shall be deemed to be the
profits and gains derived from the export of computer software outside India.] 10
[Explanation 4.—For the purposes of this section, “manufacture or produce”
shall include the cutting and polishing of precious and semi-precious stones.] 11
[Special provisions in respect of export of certain articles or things.
10BA.(1) Subject to the provisions of this section, a deduction of such profits
and gains as are derived by an undertaking from the export out of India
of eligible articles or things, shall be allowed from the total income of the
assessee:
Provided that where in computing the total income of the undertaking for any
assessment year, deduction under section 10A or section 10B has been claimed,
the undertaking shall not be entitled to the deduction under this section :
Provided further that no deduction under this section shall be allowed to any
undertaking for the assessment year beginning on the 1st day of April, 2010 and
subsequent years.
(2) This section applies to any undertaking which fulfils the following conditions,
namely :—
(a)it manufactures or produces the eligible articles or things without the
use of imported raw materials;
(b)it is not formed by the splitting up, or the reconstruction, of a business
already in existence :
Provided that this condition shall not apply in respect of any under-
taking which is formed as a result of the re-establishment, reconstruc-
tion or revival by the assessee of the business of any such undertaking
as is referred to in section 33B, in the circumstances and within the
period specified in that section;
(c)it is not formed by the transfer to a new business of machinery or plant
previously used for any purpose.
Explanation.—The provisions of Explanation 1 and Explanation 2 to
sub-section (2) of section 80-I shall apply for the purposes of this
clause as they apply for the purposes of clause (ii) of sub-section (2)
of that section;
(d)ninety per cent or more of its sales during the previous year relevant
to the assessment year are by way of exports of the eligible articles or
things;
(e)it employs twenty or more workers during the previous year in the
process of manufacture or production.
(3) This section applies to the undertaking, if the sale proceeds of the eligible
articles or things exported out of India are received in or brought into, India by 1.121CH. III – INCOMES WHICH DO NOT FORM PART OF TOTAL INCOMES. 10BA9.Inserted by the Finance Act, 2001, w.e.f. 1-4-2001.
10.Inserted by the Finance Act, 2003, w.e.f. 1-4-2004.
11.Inserted by the Taxation Laws (Amendment) Act, 2003, w.e.f. 1-4-2004.

S. 10BAI.T. ACT, 19611.122
the assessee in convertible foreign exchange, within a period of six months from
the end of the previous year or, within such further period as the competent
authority may allow in this behalf.
Explanation.—For the purposes of this sub-section, the expression “competent
authority” means the Reserve Bank of India or such other authority as is
authorised under any law for the time being in force for regulating payments and
dealings in foreign exchange.
(4) For the purposes of sub-section (1), the profits derived from export out of
India of the eligible articles or things shall be the amount which bears to the
profits of the business of the undertaking, the same proportion as the export
turnover in respect of such articles or things bears to the total turnover of the
business carried on by the undertaking.
(5) The deduction under sub-section (1) shall not be admissible, unless the
assessee furnishes in the prescribed form12
, along with the return of income, the
report of an accountant, as defined in the Explanation below sub-section (2) of
section 288, certifying that the deduction has been correctly claimed in accor-
dance with the provisions of this section.
(6) Notwithstanding anything contained in any other provision of this Act, where
a deduction is allowed under this section in computing the total income of the
assessee, no deduction shall be allowed under any other section in respect of its
export profits.
(7) The provisions of sub-section (8) and sub-section (10) of section 80-IA shall,
so far as may be, apply in relation to the undertaking referred to in this section
as they apply for the purposes of the undertaking referred to in section 80-IA.
Explanation.—For the purposes of this section,—
(a)“convertible foreign exchange” means foreign exchange which is for
the time being treated by the Reserve Bank of India as convertible
foreign exchange for the purposes of the Foreign Exchange Manage-
ment Act, 1999 (42 of 1999), and any rules made thereunder or any
other corresponding law for the time being in force;
(b)“eligible articles or things” means all hand-made articles or things,
which are of artistic value and which requires the use of wood as the
main raw material;
(c)“export turnover” means the consideration in respect of export by the
undertaking of eligible articles or things received in, or brought into,
India by the assessee in convertible foreign exchange in accordance
with sub-section (3), but does not include freight, telecommunication
charges or insurance attributable to the delivery of the articles or
things outside India;
(d)“export out of India” shall not include any transaction by way of sale
or otherwise, in a shop, emporium or any other establishment situate
in India, not involving clearance of any customs station13
as defined
in the Customs Act, 1962 (52 of 1962).]12.See rule 16F and Form No. 56H.
13.For definition of ‘Customs station’, see footnote No. 99 on page 1.426 post.

14
[Meaning of computer programmes in certain cases.
10BB.The profits and gains derived by an undertaking from the production of
computer programmes under section 10B, as it stood prior to its substitu-
tion by section 7 of the Finance Act, 2000 (10 of 2000), shall be construed as if for
the words “computer programmes”, the words “computer programmes or
processing or management of electronic data” had been substituted in that
section.] 15
[Special provision in respect of certain industrial undertakings in North-
Eastern Region.
10C.(1) Subject to the provisions of this section, any profits and gains derived
by an assessee from an industrial undertaking, which has begun or begins
to manufacture or produce any article or thing on or after the 1st day of April,
1998 in any Integrated Infrastructure Development Centre or Industrial Growth
Centre located in the North-Eastern Region (hereafter in this section referred to
as the industrial undertaking) shall not be included in the total income of the
assessee.
(2) This section applies to any industrial undertaking which fulfils all the
following conditions, namely :—
(i)it is not formed by the splitting up, or the reconstruction of, a business
already in existence :
Provided that this condition shall not apply in respect of any indus-
trial undertaking which is formed as a result of the re-establishment,
reconstruction or revival by the assessee of the business of any such
industrial undertaking as is referred to in section 33B, in the circum-
stances and within the period specified in that section ;
(ii)it is not formed by the transfer to a new business of machinery or plant
previously used for any purpose.
Explanation.—The provisions of Explanation 1 and Explanation 2 to sub-section
(3) of section 80-IA shall apply for the purposes of clause (ii) of this sub-section
as they apply for the purposes of clause (ii) of that sub-section.
(3) The profits and gains referred to in sub-section (1) shall not be included in the
total income of the assessee in respect of ten consecutive assessment years
beginning with the assessment year relevant to the previous year in which the
industrial undertaking begins to manufacture or produce articles or things.
(4) Notwithstanding anything contained in any other provision of this Act, in
computing the total income of the assessee of any previous year relevant to any
subsequent assessment year,—
(i)section 32, section 35 and clause (ix) of sub-section (1) of section 36
shall apply as if deduction referred to therein and relating to or
allowable for any of the relevant assessment years, in relation to any
building, machinery, plant or furniture used for the purposes of the
business of the industrial undertaking in the previous year relevant to
such assessment year or any expenditure incurred for the purposes
of such business in such previous year had been given full effect to for
that assessment year itself and, accordingly, sub-section (2) of section 1.123CH. III – INCOMES WHICH DO NOT FORM PART OF TOTAL INCOMES. 10C14.Inserted by the Finance Act, 2001, w.r.e.f. 1-4-1994.
15.Inserted by the Finance Act, 1999, w.e.f. 1-4-1999.

32, sub-section (4) of section 35 or the second proviso to clause (ix) of
sub-section (1) of section 36, as the case may be, shall not apply in
relation to any such deduction;
(ii)no loss referred to in sub-section (1) of section 72 or sub-section (1) or
sub-section (3) of section 74, in so far as such loss relates to the
business of the industrial undertaking, shall be carried forward or set
off where such loss relates to any of the relevant assessment years;
(iii)no deduction shall be allowed under section 80HH or section 80HHA
or section 80-I or section 80-IA or section 80-IB or section 80JJA in
relation to the profits and gains of the industrial undertakings; and
(iv)in computing the depreciation allowance under section 32, the writ-
ten down value of any asset used for the purposes of the business of
the industrial undertaking shall be computed as if the assessee had
claimed and been actually allowed the deduction in respect of
depreciation for each of the relevant assessment years.
(5) The provisions of sub-section (8) and sub-section (10) of section 80-IA shall,
so far as may be, apply in relation to the industrial undertaking referred to in this
section as they apply for the purposes of the industrial undertaking referred to
in section 80-IA or section 80-IB, as the case may be.
(6) Notwithstanding anything contained in the foregoing provisions of this
section, where the assessee before the due date for furnishing the return of his
income under sub-section (1) of section 139, furnishes to the Assessing Officer a
declaration in writing that the provisions of this section may not be made
applicable to him, the provisions of this section shall not apply to him in any of
the relevant assessment years :
16
[Provided that no deduction under this section shall be allowed to any under-
taking for the assessment year beginning on the 1st day of April, 2004 and
subsequent years.] Explanation.—For the purposes of this section,—
(i)“Integrated Infrastructure Development Centre” means such centres
located in the States of the North-Eastern Region, which the Central
Government, may, by notification in the Official Gazette, specify17
for
the purposes of this section;
(ii)“Industrial Growth Centre” means such centres located in the States
of the North-Eastern Region, which the Central Government may, by
notification in the Official Gazette, specify17
for the purposes of this
section;
(iii)“North-Eastern Region” means the region comprising the States of
Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland,
Sikkim and Tripura;
(iv)“relevant assessment years” means the ten consecutive years begin-
ning with the year in which the industrial undertaking begins to
manufacture or produce articles or things.] S. 10CI.T. ACT, 19611.12416.Inserted by the Finance Act, 2003, w.e.f. 1-4-2004.
17.For notified “Integrated Infrastructure Development Centre” and “Industrial Growth
Centre”, see Taxmann’s Master Guide to Income-tax Act.

1.125CH. III – INCOMES WHICH DO NOT FORM PART OF TOTAL INCOMES. 11
18
Income19
from property held for charitable or religious purposes.
20
11.(1) Subject to the provisions of sections 60 to 63, the following income
shall not be included in the total income of the previous year of the person
in receipt of the income—
21
[(a)income derived from property19
held under trust wholly for chari-
table or religious purposes, to the extent to which such income19
is
applied19
to such purposes in India; and, where any such income19
is
accumulated19
or set apart for application to such purposes in India,
to the extent to which the income so accumulated or set apart22
is not
in excess of 23
[fifteen] per cent of the income from such property;
(b)income derived from property held under trust in part22
only for such
purposes, the trust having been created before the commencement of
this Act, to the extent to which such income is applied to such purposes
in India; and, where any such income is finally set apart for application
to such purposes in India, to the extent to which the income so set
apart is not in excess of 23
[fifteen] per cent of the income from such
property;
(c)income 24
[derived] from property held under trust—
(i)created on or after the 1st day of April, 1952, for a charitable
purpose which tends to promote international welfare in which
India is interested, to the extent to which such income is applied
to such purposes outside India, and
(ii)for charitable or religious purposes, created before the 1st day of
April, 1952, to the extent to which such income is applied to such
purposes outside India:
Provided that the Board, by general or special order, has directed in
either case that it shall not be included in the total income of the
person in receipt of such income;18.Section 11, which was omitted by the Direct Tax Laws (Amendment) Act, 1987, w.e.f.
1-4-1989, was reintroduced by the Direct Tax Laws (Amendment) Act, 1989, with effect
from the same date with modifications.
19.For the meaning of the terms/expressions “income”, “property”, “such income”, “applied”,
“accumulated or set apart” and “in part”, see Taxmann’s Direct Taxes Manual, Vol. 3.
20.See also Circular No. 100, dated 24-1-1973, Circular No. 273, dated 3-6-1980, Circular
No. 52, dated 30-12-1970, Circular No. 12-P (LXX-7 of 1968), dated 26-11-1968, Circular
No. 5-P (LXX-6 of 1968), dated 19-6-1968, Circular No. 29, dated 23-8-1968, Circular
No. 566, dated 17-7-1990, Circular No. 584, dated 13-11-1990; Instruction No. 1132, dated
5-1-1978; relevant extracts from Official Minutes of Twelfth Meeting of Direct Taxes
Advisory Committee (Central) held in New Delhi on 17-8-1968 and Circular No. 335, dated
13-4-1982. For details, see Taxmann’s Master Guide to Income-tax Act.
For relevant case laws, see Taxmann’s Master Guide to Income-tax Act.
21.Substituted by the Taxation Laws (Amendment) Act, 1975, w.e.f. 1-4-1976. Earlier, clauses
(a) and (b) were amended by the Finance Act, 1970, w.e.f. 1-4-1971.
22.For the meaning of the terms/expressions “income”, “property”, “such income”, “applied”,
“accumulated or set apart” and “in part”, see Taxmann’s Direct Taxes Manual, Vol. 3.
23.Substituted for “twenty-five” by the Finance Act, 2002, w.e.f. 1-4-2003.
24.Inserted by the Finance Act, 1972, w.e.f. 1-4-1973.

25
[(d)income in the form of voluntary contributions made with a specific
direction that they shall form part of the corpus of the trust or
institution.] 26
[Explanation.—For the purposes of clauses (a) and (b),—
(1)in computing the 27
[fifteen] per cent of the income which may be
accumulated or set apart, any such voluntary contributions as are
referred to in section 12 shall be deemed to be part of the income;
(2)if, in the previous year, the income applied to charitable or religious
purposes in India falls short of 28
[eighty-five] per cent of the income
derived during that year from property held under trust, or, as the
case may be, held under trust in part, by any amount—
(i)for the reason that the whole or any part of the income has not
been received during that year, or
(ii)for any other reason,
then—
(a)in the case referred to in sub-clause (i), so much of the income
applied to such purposes in India during the previous year in
which the income is received or during the previous year
immediately following as does not exceed the said amount, and
(b)in the case referred to in sub-clause (ii), so much of the income
applied to such purposes in India during the previous year
immediately following the previous year in which the income was
derived as does not exceed the said amount,
may, at the option of the person in receipt of the income (such option
to be exercised in writing before the expiry of the time allowed under
sub-section (1) 29
[* * *] of section 139 30
[* * *] for furnishing the return
of income) be deemed to be income applied to such purposes during
the previous year in which the income was derived; and the income
so deemed to have been applied shall not be taken into account in
calculating the amount of income applied to such purposes, in the
case referred to in sub-clause (i), during the previous year in which the
income is received or during the previous year immediately follow-
ing, as the case may be, and, in the case referred to in sub-clause (ii),
during the previous year immediately following the previous year in
which the income was derived.] 31
[(1A) For the purposes of sub-section (1),—
(a)where a capital asset, being property held under trust wholly for
charitable or religious purposes, is transferred and the whole or any S. 11I.T. ACT, 19611.12625.Inserted by the Direct Tax Laws (Amendment) Act, 1989, w.e.f. 1-4-1989.
26.Substituted by the Taxation Laws (Amendment) Act, 1975, w.e.f. 1-4-1976. Earlier, the
Explanation was also substituted by the Finance Act, 1970, w.e.f. 1-4-1971.
27.Substituted for “twenty-five” by the Finance Act, 2002, w.e.f. 1-4-2003.
28.Substituted for “seventy-five”, ibid.
29.“or sub-section (2)” omitted by the Direct Tax Laws (Amendment) Act, 1989, w.e.f. 1-4-1989.
30.“, whether fixed originally or on extension” omitted, ibid.
31.Inserted by the Finance (No. 2) Act, 1971, w.r.e.f. 1-4-1962.

part of the net consideration is utilised for acquiring another capital
asset to be so held, then, the capital gain arising from the transfer shall
be deemed to have been applied to charitable or religious purposes to
the extent specified hereunder, namely:—
(i)where the whole of the net consideration is utilised in acquiring
the new capital asset, the whole of such capital gain ;
(ii)where only a part of the net consideration is utilised for  acquiring
the new capital asset, so much of such capital gain as is equal to
the amount, if any, by which the amount so utilised exceeds the
cost of the transferred asset;
(b)where a capital asset, being property held under trust in part only for
such purposes, is transferred and the whole or any part of the net
consideration is utilised for acquiring another capital asset to be so
held, then, the appropriate fraction of the capital gain arising from the
transfer shall be deemed to have been applied to charitable or
religious purposes to the extent specified hereunder, namely:—
(i)where the whole of the net consideration is utilised in acquiring
the new capital asset, the whole of the appropriate fraction of
such capital gain;
(ii)in any other case, so much of the appropriate fraction of the
capital gain as is equal to the amount, if any, by which the
appropriate fraction of the amount utilised for acquiring the new
asset exceeds the appropriate fraction of the cost of the trans-
ferred asset.
Explanation.—In this sub-section,—
(i)“appropriate fraction” means the fraction which represents the extent
to which the income derived from the capital asset transferred was
immediately before such transfer applicable to charitable or religious
purposes;
(ii)“cost of the transferred asset” means the aggregate of the cost of
acquisition (as ascertained for the purposes of sections 48 and 49) of
the capital asset which is the subject of the transfer and the cost of any
improvement thereto within the meaning assigned to that expression
in sub-clause (b) of clause (1) of section 55;
(iii)“net consideration” means the full value of the consideration received
or accruing as a result of the transfer of the capital asset as reduced
by any expenditure incurred wholly and exclusively in connection
with such transfer.] 32
[(1B) Where any income in respect of which an option is exercised under clause
(2) of the Explanation to sub-section (1) is not applied to charitable or religious
purposes in India during the period referred to in sub-clause (a) or, as the case
may be, sub-clause (b), of the said clause, then, such income shall be deemed to
be the income of the person in receipt thereof—
(a)in the case referred to in sub-clause (i) of the said clause, of the
previous year immediately following the previous year in which the
income was received; or 1.127CH. III – INCOMES WHICH DO NOT FORM PART OF TOTAL INCOMES. 1132.Inserted by the Taxation Laws (Amendment) Act, 1975, w.e.f. 1-4-1976.

S. 11I.T. ACT, 19611.128
(b)in the case referred to in sub-clause (ii) of the said clause, of the
previous year immediately following the previous year in which the
income was derived.] 33
[(2) 34
[Where 35
[eighty-five] per cent of the income referred to in clause (a) or
clause (b) of sub-section (1) read with the Explanation to that sub-section is not
applied, or is not deemed to have been applied, to charitable or religious purposes
in India during the previous year but is accumulated or set apart, either in whole
or in part, for application to such purposes in India, such income so accumulated
or set apart shall not be included in the total income of the previous year of the
person in receipt of the income, provided the following conditions are complied
with, namely:—] (a)such person specifies, by notice in writing given to the 36
[Assessing] Officer in the prescribed37
manner38
, the purpose for which the
income is being accumulated or set apart and the period for which the
income is to be accumulated or set apart, which shall in no case
exceed ten years;
39
[(b)the money so accumulated40
or set apart is invested or deposited in the
forms or modes specified in sub-section (5)]:] 41
[Provided that in computing the period of ten years referred to in clause (a), the
period during which the income could not be applied for the purpose for which
it is so accumulated or set apart, due to an order or injunction of any court, shall
be excluded:] 42
[Provided further that in respect of any income accumulated or set apart on or
after the 1st day of April, 2001, the provisions of this sub-section shall have effect
as if for the words “ten years” at both the places where they occur, the words “five
years” had been substituted.] 43
[Explanation.—Any amount credited or paid, out of income referred to in
clause (a) or clause (b) of sub-section (1), read with the Explanation to that sub-
section, which is not applied, but is accumulated or set apart, to any trust or
institution registered under section 12AA or to any fund or institution or trust or33.Substituted by the Finance Act, 1970, w.e.f. 1-4-1971.
34.Substituted for the portion beginning with “Where any income referred to in” and ending
with “are complied with, namely :—” by the Taxation Laws (Amendment) Act, 1975, w.e.f.
1-4-1976.
35.Substituted for “seventy-five” by the Finance Act, 2002, w.e.f. 1-4-2003.
36.Substituted for “Income-tax” by the Direct Tax Laws (Amendment) Act, 1987, w.e.f.
1-4-1988.
37.See rule 17 and Form No. 10 for notice of accumulation of income by charitable trust or
institution [to be furnished before expiry of time allowed under section 139(1)].
38.For the meaning of expression “in the prescribed manner”, see Taxmann’s Direct Taxes
Manual, Vol. 3.
39.Substituted by the Finance Act, 1983, w.e.f. 1-4-1983. Original clause (b) was earlier
amended by the Finance (No. 2) Act, 1977, w.e.f. 1-4-1978.
40.For the meaning of the expression “the money so accumulated”, see Taxmann’s Direct
Taxes Manual, Vol. 3.
41.Inserted by the Finance Act, 1993, w.r.e.f. 1-4-1962.
42.Inserted by the Finance Act, 2001, w.e.f. 1-4-2002.
43.Inserted by the Finance Act, 2002, w.e.f. 1-4-2003.

any university or other educational institution or any hospital or other medical
institution referred to in sub-clause (iv) or sub-clause (v) or sub-clause (vi) or sub-
clause (via) of clause (23C) of section 10, shall not be treated as application of
income for charitable or religious purposes, either during the period of
accumulation or thereafter.] 44
[(3) Any income referred to in sub-section (2) which—
(a)is applied to purposes other than charitable or religious purposes as
aforesaid or ceases to be accumulated or set apart for application
thereto, or
45
[(b)ceases to remain invested or deposited in any of the forms or modes
specified in sub-section (5), or] (c)is not utilised46
for the purpose for which it is so accumulated or set
apart during the period referred to in clause (a) of that sub-section or
in the year immediately following the expiry thereof,
47
[(d)is credited or paid to any trust or institution registered under section
12AA or to any fund or institution or trust or any university or other
educational institution or any hospital or other medical institution
referred to in sub-clause (iv) or sub-clause (v) or sub-clause (vi) or
sub-clause (via) of clause (23C) of section 10,] shall be deemed to be the income of such person of the previous year in which
it is so applied or ceases to be so accumulated or set apart or ceases to remain
so invested or deposited or 47
[credited or paid or], as the case may be, of the
previous year immediately following the expiry of the period aforesaid.] 48
[(3A) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (3), where due to
circumstances beyond the control of the person in receipt of the income, any
income invested or deposited in accordance with the provisions of clause (b) of
sub-section (2) cannot be applied for the purpose for which it was accumulated
or set apart, the 49
[Assessing] Officer may, on an application made to him in this
behalf, allow such person to apply such income for such other charitable or
religious purpose in India as is specified in the application by such person and as
is in conformity with the objects of the trust; and thereupon the provisions of sub-
section (3) shall apply as if the purpose specified by such person in the application
under this sub-section were a purpose specified in the notice given to the
49
[Assessing] Officer under clause (a) of sub-section (2):] 50
[Provided that the Assessing Officer shall not allow application of such income
by way of payment or credit made for the purposes referred to in clause (d) of
sub-section (3) of section 11:] 1.129CH. III – INCOMES WHICH DO NOT FORM PART OF TOTAL INCOMES. 1144.Substituted by the Finance Act, 1970, w.e.f. 1-4-1971.
45.Substituted by the Finance Act, 1983, w.e.f. 1-4-1983.
46.For the meaning of the term “utilised”, see Taxmann’s Direct Taxes Manual, Vol. 3.
47.Inserted by the Finance Act, 2002, w.e.f. 1-4-2003.
48.Inserted by the Taxation Laws (Amendment) Act, 1975, w.e.f. 1-4-1976.
49.Substituted for “Income-tax” by the Direct Tax Laws (Amendment) Act, 1987, w.e.f.
1-4-1988.
50.Inserted by the Finance Act, 2002, w.e.f. 1-4-2003.

51
[Provided further that in case the trust or institution, which has invested or
deposited its income in accordance with the provisions of clause (b) of sub-
section (2), is dissolved, the Assessing Officer may allow application of such
income for the purposes referred to in clause (d) of sub-section (3) in the year in
which such trust or institution was dissolved.] (4) For the purposes of this section “property held under trust” includes a
business undertaking so held, and where a claim is made that the income of any
such undertaking shall not be included in the total income of the persons in
receipt thereof, the 52
[Assessing] Officer shall have power to determine the
income of such undertaking in accordance with the provisions of this Act relating
to assessment; and where any income so determined is in excess of the income
as shown in the accounts of the undertaking, such excess shall be deemed to be
applied to purposes other than charitable or religious purposes 53
[* * *].
54
[(4A) Sub-section (1) or sub-section (2) or sub-section (3) or sub-section (3A)
shall not apply in relation to any income of a trust or an institution, being profits
and gains of business, unless the business is incidental to the attainment of the
objectives of the trust or, as the case may be, institution, and separate books of
account are maintained by such trust or institution in respect of such business.] 55
[56
(5) The forms and modes of investing or depositing the money referred to in
clause (b) of sub-section (2) shall be the following, namely :—
(i)investment in savings certificates as defined in clause (c) of section 257
of the Government Savings Certificates Act, 1959 (46 of 1959), and
any other securities or certificates issued by the Central Government
under the Small Savings Schemes of that Government;
(ii)deposit in any account with the Post Office Savings Bank;
(iii)deposit in any account with a scheduled bank or a co-operative
society engaged in carrying on the business of banking (including a
co-operative land mortgage bank or a co-operative land development
bank).
Explanation.—In this clause, “scheduled bank” means the State Bank
of India constituted under the State Bank of India Act, 1955 (23 of
1955), a subsidiary bank as defined in the State Bank of India
(Subsidiary Banks) Act, 1959 (38 of 1959), a corresponding new bank
constituted under section 3 of the Banking Companies (Acquisition S. 11I.T. ACT, 19611.13051.Inserted by the Finance Act, 2003, w.e.f. 1-4-2003.
52.Substituted for “Income-tax” by the Direct Tax Laws (Amendment) Act, 1987, w.e.f.
1-4-1988.
53.“and accordingly chargeable to tax within the meaning of sub-section (3)” omitted by the
Finance Act, 1970, w.e.f. 1-4-1971.
54.Substituted by the Finance (No. 2) Act, 1991, w.e.f. 1-4-1992. Earlier, sub-section (4A) was
inserted by the Finance Act, 1983, w.e.f. 1-4-1984.
55.Inserted by the Finance Act, 1983, w.e.f. 1-4-1983.
56.See also Circular No. 566, dated 17-7-1990. For details, see Taxmann’s Master Guide to
Income-tax Act.
57.Clause (c) of section 2 of the Government Savings Certificates Act, 1959, defines “savings
certificate” as under:
‘(c) “savings certificate” means a savings certificate to which this Act applies.’
Section 1(3) provides that the Act would apply to such class of savings certificates as the
Central Government specifies by notification in the Official Gazette.

and Transfer of Undertakings) Act, 1970 (5 of 1970), or under section
3 of the Banking Companies (Acquisition and Transfer ofUndertakings)
Act, 1980 (40 of 1980), or any other bank being a bank included in the
Second Schedule to the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934 (2 of 1934);
(iv)investment in units of the Unit Trust of India established under the
Unit Trust of India Act, 1963 (52 of 1963);
(v)investment in any security for money created and issued by the
Central Government or a State Government;
(vi)investment in debentures issued by, or on behalf of, any company or
corporation both the principal whereof and the interest whereon are
fully and unconditionally guaranteed by the Central Government or
by a State Government;
(vii)investment or deposit in any 58
[public sector company]:
59
[Provided that where an investment or deposit in any public sector
company has been made and such public sector company ceases to
be a public sector company,—
(A)such investment made in the shares of such company shall be
deemed to be an investment made under this clause for a period
of three years from the date on which such public sector company
ceases to be a public sector company;
(B)such other investment or deposit shall be deemed to be an
investment or deposit made under this clause for the period up to
the date on which such investment or deposit becomes repayable
by such company;] (viii)deposits with or investment in any bonds issued by a financial
corporation which is engaged in providing long-term finance for
industrial development in India and 60
[which is eligible for deduction
under clause (viii) of sub-section (1) of section 36];
(ix)deposits with or investment in any bonds issued by a public company
formed and registered in India with the main object of carrying on the
business of providing long-term finance for construction or purchase
of houses in India for residential purposes and 60
[which is eligible for
deduction under clause (viii) of sub-section (1) of section 36];
61
[(ixa)deposits with or investment in any bonds issued by a public company
formed and registered in India with the main object of carrying on the
business of providing long-term finance for urban infrastructure in
India.
Explanation.—For the purposes of this clause,—
(a)“long-term finance” means any loan or advance where the terms
under which moneys are loaned or advanced provide for repay-
ment along with interest thereof during a period of not less than
five years; 1.131CH. III – INCOMES WHICH DO NOT FORM PART OF TOTAL INCOMES. 1158.Substituted for “Government company as defined in section 617 of the Companies Act,
1956 (1 of 1956)” by the Direct Tax Laws (Amendment) Act, 1989, w.e.f. 1-4-1989.
59.Inserted by the Finance Act, 2000, w.e.f. 1-4-2001.
60.Substituted for “which is approved by the Central Government for the purposes of clause
(viii) of sub-section (1) of section 36” by the Finance Act, 2000, w.e.f. 1-4-2000.
61.Inserted by the Finance Act, 2000, w.e.f. 1-4-2001.

S. 12I.T. ACT, 19611.132
(b)“public company”62
shall have the meaning assigned to it in
section 3 of the Companies Act, 1956 (1 of 1956);
(c)“urban infrastructure” means a project for providing potable
water supply, sanitation and sewerage, drainage, solid waste
management, roads, bridges and flyovers or urban transport;] (x)investment in immovable property.
Explanation.—“Immovable property” does not include any machi-
nery or plant (other than machinery or plant installed in a building for
the convenient occupation of the building) even though attached to,
or permanently fastened to, anything attached to the earth;] 63
[(xi)deposits with the Industrial Development Bank of India established
under the Industrial Development Bank of India Act, 1964 (18 of1964);] 64
[(xii)any other form or mode of investment or deposit as may be
prescribed.65
] 66
[Income of trusts or institutions from contributions.
67
12.68
[(1)] 69
Any voluntary contributions received by a trust created wholly for
charitable or religious purposes or by an institution established wholly for62.For definition of “public company” under clause (iv) of section 3(1) of the Companies Act,
1956, see Appendix.
63.Inserted by the Finance Act, 1984, w.e.f. 1-4-1985.
64.Inserted by the Direct Tax Laws (Amendment) Act, 1989, w.e.f. 1-4-1989.
65.Rule 17C specifies the following other modes: (1) Investments in units issued under any
scheme of mutual fund referred to in section 10(23D); (2) Any transfer of deposits to Public
Account of India; (3) Deposits made with an authority constituted in India by or under any
law enacted either for the purpose of dealing with and satisfying the need for housing
accommodation or for the purpose of planning, development or improvement of cities,
towns and villages, or for both; (4) investment by way of acquiring equity shares of a
‘depository’; (5) Investment made, on or after 26-11-1999, by a recognised stock exchange
referred to in clause (f) of section 2 of the Securities Contracts (Regulation) Act, 1956
(hereafter referred to as investor) in the equity share capital of a company (hereafter
referred to as investee)—(a) which is engaged in dealing with securities or mainly
associated with the securities market; (b) whose main object is to acquire the membership
of another recognised stock exchange for the sole purpose of facilitating the members of
the investor to trade on the said stock exchange through the investee in accordance with
the directions or guidelines issued under the Securities and Exchange Board of India Act,
1992 by the Securities and Exchange Board of India established under section 3 of that
Act; and (c) in which at least fifty-one per cent of equity shares are held by the investor and
the balance equity shares are held by members of such investor; and (6) Investment made
on or after 1-3-2007 by way of acquiring equity shares of an incubatee by an incubator.
The term ‘incubatee’ shall mean such incubatee as may be notified by the Government of
India in the Ministry of Science and Technology. The term ‘incubator’ shall mean such
Technology Business Incubator or Science and Technology Entrepreneurship Park as
may be notified by the Government of India in the Ministry of Science and Technology.
66.Reintroduced by the Direct Tax Laws (Amendment) Act, 1989, w.e.f. 1-4-1989. Earlier,
section 12 was omitted by the Direct Tax Laws (Amendment) Act, 1987, with effect from
the same date. Original section 12 was substituted by the Finance Act, 1972, w.e.f. 1-4-1973.
67.See also Circular No. 584, dated 13-11-1990. For details, see Taxmann’s Master Guide to
Income-tax Act.
68.Section 12 renumbered as section 12(1) by the Finance Act, 2000, w.e.f. 1-4-2001.
69.For relevant case laws, see Taxmann’s Master Guide to Income-tax Act.

such purposes (not being contributions made with a specific direction that they
shall form part of the corpus of the trust or institution) shall for the purposes of
section 11 be deemed to be income derived from property held under trust
wholly for charitable or religious purposes and the provisions of that section and
section 13 shall apply accordingly.] 70
[(2) The value of any services, being medical or educational services, made
available by any charitable or religious trust running a hospital or medical
institution or an educational institution, to any person referred to in clause (a) or
clause (b) or clause (c) or clause (cc) or clause (d) of sub-section (3) of section 13,
shall be deemed to be income of such trust or institution derived from property
held under trust wholly for charitable or religious purposes during the previous
year in which such services are so provided and shall be chargeable to income-
tax notwithstanding the provisions of sub-section (1) of section 11.
Explanation.—For the purposes of this sub-section, the expression “value” shall
be the value of any benefit or facility granted or provided free of cost or at
concessional rate to any person referred to in clause (a) or clause (b) or clause
(c) or clause (cc) or clause (d) of sub-section (3) of section 13.] 71
[(3) Notwithstanding anything contained in section 11, any amount of donation
received by the trust or institution in terms of clause (d) of sub-section (2) of
section 80G 72
[in respect of which accounts of income and expenditure have not
been rendered to the authority prescribed under clause (v) of sub-section (5C) of
that section, in the manner specified in that clause, or] which has been utilised
for purposes other than providing relief to the victims of earthquake in Gujarat
or which remains unutilised in terms of sub-section (5C) of section 80G and not
transferred to the Prime Minister’s National Relief Fund on or before the 31st day
of March, 73
[2004] shall be deemed to be the income of the previous year and shall
accordingly be charged to tax.] 74
[75
[Conditions for applicability of sections 11 and 12.] 76
12A.77
[(1)] 78
The provisions of section 11 and section 12 shall not apply in
relation to the income of any trust or institution unless the following
conditions are fulfilled, namely:— 1.133CH. III – INCOMES WHICH DO NOT FORM PART OF TOTAL INCOMES. 12A70.Inserted by the Finance Act, 2000, w.e.f. 1-4-2001.
71.Inserted by the Taxation Laws (Amendment) Act, 2001, w.r.e.f. 3-2-2001.
72.Inserted by the Finance Act, 2002, w.r.e.f. 3-2-2001.
73.Substituted for “2003” by the Finance Act, 2003, w.r.e.f. 3-2-2001. Earlier “2003” was
substituted for “2002” by the Finance Act, 2002, w.r.e.f. 3-2-2001.
74.Reintroduced by the Direct Tax Laws (Amendment) Act, 1989, w.e.f. 1-4-1989. Earlier,
section 12A was omitted by the Direct Tax Laws (Amendment) Act, 1987, with effect from
the same date. Original section 12A was inserted by the Finance Act, 1972, w.e.f. 1-4-1973.
75.Substituted for the heading “Conditions as to registration of trusts, etc.” by the Finance Act,
2007, w.e.f. 1-6-2007.
76.See Circular No. 143, dated 20-8-1974 and CBDT Instruction, dated 9-2-1978. For details,
see Taxmann’s Master Guide to Income-tax Act.
77.Inserted by the Finance Act, 2007, w.e.f. 1-6-2007.
78.For relevant case laws, see Taxmann’s Master Guide to Income-tax Act.

S. 12AI.T. ACT, 19611.134
(a)the person in receipt of the income has made an application for
registration of the trust or institution in the prescribed form79
and in
the prescribed manner to the 80
[***] Commissioner before the 1st day
of July, 1973, or before the expiry of a period of one year from the date
of the creation of the trust or the establishment of the institution,
81
[whichever is later and such trust or institution is registered under
section 12AA] :
82
[Provided that where an application for registration of the trust or
institution is made after the expiry of the period aforesaid, the
provisions of sections 11 and 12 shall apply in relation to the income
of such trust or institution,—
(i)from the date of the creation of the trust or the establishment of
the institution if the 83
[***] Commissioner is, for reasons to be
recorded in writing, satisfied that the person in receipt of the
income was prevented from making the application before the
expiry of the period84
aforesaid for sufficient reasons;
(ii)from the 1st day of the financial year in which the application is
made, if the 85
[***] Commissioner is not so satisfied:] 86
[Provided further that the provisions of this clause shall not apply in
relation to any application made on or after the 1st day of June, 2007;] 86
[(aa)the person in receipt of the income has made an application for
registration of the trust or institution on or after the 1st day of June,79.See rule 17A and Form No. 10A for form of application for registration of charitable/
religious trust, and the necessary accompanying documents, viz., 1. Original copy of
instrument creating the trust/institution, i.e., trust deed, with one copy thereof, where
trust/institution is created under an instrument. Certified copy in lieu of original copy of
trust deed can also be accepted by the Commissioner. 2. Documents evidencing the
creation of trust/institution, with one copy thereof, where trust/institution is created
otherwise than under an instrument. 3. Where the trust/institution has been in existence
during any year(s) prior to financial year in which application for registration is made, the
application should be accompanied by two copies of accounts of trust/institution relating
to prior year or years (not being more than 3 years immediately preceding the year in
which application is made) for which such accounts have been made up.
80.Words “Chief Commissioner or” omitted by the Finance Act, 1999, w.e.f. 1-6-1999. Earlier
the quoted words were inserted by the Direct Tax Laws (Amendment) Act, 1987, w.e.f.
1-4-1988.
81.Substituted for “whichever is later” by the Finance (No. 2) Act, 1996, w.e.f. 1-4-1997.
82.Substituted for the following by the Finance (No. 2) Act, 1991, w.e.f. 1-10-1991:
“Provided that the Chief Commissioner or Commissioner may, in his discretion, admit an
application for the registration of any trust or institution after the expiry of the period
aforesaid;”
83.Words “Chief Commissioner or” omitted by the Finance Act, 1999, w.e.f. 1-6-1999. Earlier
the quoted words were inserted by the Direct Tax Laws (Amendment) Act, 1987, w.e.f.
1-4-1988.
84.For the meaning of the expression “before the expiry of the period”, see Taxmann’s Direct
Taxes Manual, Vol. 3.
85.Words “Chief Commissioner or” omitted by the Finance Act, 1999, w.e.f. 1-6-1999. Earlier
the quoted words were inserted by the Direct Tax Laws (Amendment) Act, 1987, w.e.f.
1-4-1988.
86.Inserted by the Finance Act, 2007, w.e.f. 1-6-2007.

2007 in the prescribed form and manner to the Commissioner and
such trust or institution is registered under section 12AA;] (b)where the total income of the trust or institution as computed under
this Act without giving effect to 87
[the provisions of section 11 and
section 12 exceeds the maximum amount which is not chargeable to
income-tax in any previous year], the accounts of the trust or institu-
tion for that year have been audited by an accountant as defined in
the Explanation below sub-section (2) of section 288 and the person
in receipt of the income furnishes along with the return of income for
the relevant assessment year the report of such audit in the pres-
cribed form88
duly signed and verified by such accountant and setting
forth such particulars as may be prescribed.] (c)89
[***] 90
[(2) Where an application has been made on or after the 1st day of June, 2007,
the provisions of sections 11 and 12 shall apply in relation to the income of such
trust or institution from the assessment year immediately following the financial
year in which such application is made.] 91
[Procedure for registration.
12AA.(1) The 92
[***] Commissioner, on receipt of an application for registration
of a trust or institution made under clause (a) 90
[or clause (aa) of sub-
section (1)] of section 12A, shall—
(a)call for such documents or information from the trust or institution
as he thinks necessary in order to satisfy himself about the genuine-
ness of activities of the trust or institution and may also make such
inquiries as he may deem necessary in this behalf; and
(b)after satisfying himself about the objects of the trust or institution and
the genuineness of its activities, he—
(i)shall pass an order in writing registering the trust or institution;
(ii)shall, if he is not so satisfied, pass an order in writing refusing to
register the trust or institution, 1.135CH. III – INCOMES WHICH DO NOT FORM PART OF TOTAL INCOMES. 12AA87.Substituted for “the provisions of section 11 and section 12 exceeds fifty thousand rupees
in any previous year” by the Taxation Laws (Amendment) Act, 2006, w.r.e.f. 1-4-2006.
Earlier the quoted words were amended by the Finance Act, 1994, w.e.f. 1-4-1995.
88.See rule 17B and Form No. 10B for audit report in case of trust/institution.
89.Omitted by the Finance Act, 2002, w.e.f. 1-4-2002. Prior to its omission, clause (c) as inserted
by the Finance Act, 2001, w.e.f. 1-4-2002, read as under :
“(c)where the total income of the trust or institution as computed under this Act
without giving effect to the provisions of sections 11 and 12 exceeds one crore
rupees in any previous year, the trust or institution—
(i)publishes its accounts in a local newspaper, before the due date for furnish-
ing the return of income under sub-section (4A) of section 139; and
(ii)furnishes a copy of such newspaper along with such return.”
90.Inserted by the Finance Act, 2007, w.e.f. 1-6-2007.
91.Inserted by the Finance (No. 2) Act, 1996, w.e.f. 1-4-1997.
92.Words “Chief Commissioner or” omitted by the Finance Act, 1999, w.e.f. 1-6-1999. Earlier
the quoted words were inserted by the Finance (No. 2) Act, 1996, w.e.f. 1-4-1997.

and a copy of such order shall be sent to the applicant :
Provided that no order under sub-clause (ii) shall be passed unless the applicant
has been given a reasonable opportunity of being heard.
93
[(1A) All applications, pending before the Chief Commissioner on which no
order has been passed under clause (b) of sub-section (1) before the 1st day of
June, 1999, shall stand transferred on that day to the Commissioner and the
Commissioner may proceed with such applications under that sub-section from
the stage at which they were on that day.] (2) Every order granting or refusing registration under clause (b) of sub-section
(1) shall be passed before the expiry of six months from the end of the month in
which the application was received under clause (a) 93a
[or clause (aa) of sub-
section (1)] of section 12A.] 94
[(3) Where a trust or an institution has been granted registration under clause
(b) of sub-section (1) and subsequently the Commissioner is satisfied that the
activities of such trust or institution are not genuine or are not being carried
out in accordance with the objects of the trust or institution, as the case may be,
he shall pass an order in writing cancelling the registration of such trust
orinstitution:
Provided that no order under this sub-section shall be passed unless such trust
or institution has been given a reasonable opportunity of being heard.] 95
[Section 11 not to apply in certain cases.
96
13.(1) Nothing contained in section 11 97
[or section 12] shall operate so as to
exclude from the total income of the previous year of the person in receipt
thereof—
(a)any part of the 98
income from the property held under a trust for
private religious purposes which does not enure for the benefit of the
public;
(b)in the case of a trust for charitable purposes or a charitable institution
created or established after the commencement of this Act, any
income thereof if the trust or institution is created or established for
the benefit of any particular religious community or caste;
(bb)99
[* * *] S. 13I.T. ACT, 19611.13693.Inserted by the Finance Act, 1999, w.e.f. 1-6-1999.
93a.Inserted by the Finance Act, 2007, w.e.f. 1-6-2007.
94.Inserted by the Finance (No. 2) Act, 2004, w.e.f. 1-10-2004.
95.Reintroduced by the Direct Tax Laws (Amendment) Act, 1989, w.e.f. 1-4-1989. Earlier, it
was omitted by the Direct Tax Laws (Amendment) Act, 1987, with effect from the same
date. Original section 13 was substituted by the Finance Act, 1970, w.e.f. 1-4-1971 and prior
to its substitution, it was amended by the Finance Act, 1966, w.e.f. 1-4-1966 and the Finance
Act, 1963, w.r.e.f. 1-4-1962.
96.See also Circular No. 596, dated 15-3-1991. For details, see Taxmann’s Master Guide to
Income-tax Act.
For relevant case laws, see Taxmann’s Master Guide to Income-tax Act.
97.Inserted by the Finance Act, 1972, w.e.f. 1-4-1973.
98.For the meaning of the term “income”, see Taxmann’s Direct Taxes Manual, Vol. 3.
99.Omitted by the Finance Act, 1983, w.e.f. 1-4-1984. Original clause (bb), was inserted by the
Taxation Laws (Amendment) Act, 1975, w.e.f. 1-4-1977.

1.137CH. III – INCOMES WHICH DO NOT FORM PART OF TOTAL INCOMES. 13
(c)in the case of a trust for charitable or religious purposes or a
charitable or religious institution, any income thereof—
(i)if such trust or institution has been created or established after
the commencement of this Act and under the terms of the trust
or the rules governing the institution, any part of such income
enures, or
(ii)if any part of such income or any property of the trust or the
institution (whenever created or established) is during the
previous year used or applied,
directly or indirectly for the benefit of any person referred to in
sub-section (3) :
Provided that in the case of a trust or institution created or established
before the commencement of this Act, the provisions of sub-clause (ii)
shall not apply to any use or application, whether directly or indi-
rectly, of any part of such income or any property of the trust or
institution for the benefit of any person referred to in sub-section (3),
if such use or application is by way of compliance with a mandatory
term of the trust or a mandatory rule governing the institution :
Provided further that in the case of a trust for religious purposes or
a religious institution (whenever created or established) or a trust for
charitable purposes or a charitable institution created or established
before the commencement of this Act, the provisions of sub-clause (ii)
shall not apply to any use or application, whether directly or indi-
rectly, of any part of such income or any property of the trust or
institution for the benefit of any person referred to in sub-section (3)
in so far as such use or application relates to any period before the 1st
day of June, 1970;
1
[(d)2
in the case of a trust for charitable or religious purposes or a
charitable or religious institution, any income thereof, if for any
period during the previous year—
(i)any funds3
of the trust or institution are invested3
or deposited3
after the 28th day of February, 1983 otherwise than in any one or
more of the forms or modes specified in sub-section (5) of section
11; or
(ii)any funds3
of the trust or institution invested3
or deposited3
before
the 1st day of March, 1983 otherwise than in any one or more of
the forms or modes specified in sub-section (5) of section 11
continue to remain so invested or deposited after the 30th day of
November, 1983; or1.Substituted by the Finance Act, 1983, w.e.f. 1-4-1983. Original clause was inserted by the
Taxation Laws (Amendment) Act, 1975, w.e.f. 1-4-1977. It was later on amended by the
Finance (No. 2) Act, 1977, w.e.f. 1-4-1978 and by the Finance Act, 1982, w.e.f. 1-4-1982.
2.See also Circular No. 596, dated 15-3-1991. For details, see Taxmann’s Master Guide to
Income-tax Act.
3.For the meaning of the terms “funds”, “investments”, and “deposits” see Taxmann’s Direct
Taxes Manual, Vol. 3.

4
[(iii)any shares in a company, other than—
(A)shares in a public sector company ;
(B)shares prescribed as a form or mode of investment under
clause (xii) of sub-section (5) of section 11,
are held by the trust or institution after the 30th day of November,
1983:] Provided that nothing in this clause shall apply in relation to—
(i)any assets held by the trust or institution where such assets form
part of the corpus of the trust or institution as on the 1st day of
June, 1973 5
[***];
6
[(ia)any accretion to the shares, forming part of the corpus mentioned
in clause (i), by way of bonus shares allotted to the trust or
institution;] (ii)any assets (being debentures issued by, or on behalf of, any
company or corporation) acquired by the trust or institution
before the 1st day of March, 1983;
7
[(iia)any asset, not being an investment or deposit in any of the forms
or modes specified in sub-section (5) of section 11, where such
asset is not held by the trust or institution, otherwise than in any
of the forms or modes specified in sub-section (5) of section 11,
after the expiry of one year from the end of the previous year in
which such asset is acquired or the 31st day of March, 8
[1993],
whichever is later;] (iii)any funds representing the profits and gains of business, being
profits and gains of any previous year relevant to the assessment
year commencing on the 1st day of April, 1984 or any subsequent
assessment year.
Explanation.—Where the trust or institution has any other income in
addition to profits and gains of business, the provisions of clause (iii)
of this proviso shall not apply unless the trust or institution maintains
separate books of account in respect of such business.] 9
[Explanation.—For the purposes of sub-clause (ii) of clause (c), in determining
whether any part of the income or any property of any trust or institution is S. 13I.T. ACT, 19611.1384.Substituted by the Finance Act, 2007, w.r.e.f. 1-4-1999. Prior to its substitution, sub-clause
(iii) read as under :
“(iii)any shares in a company not being a Government company as defined in section 617
of the Companies Act, 1956 (1 of 1956), or a corporation established by or under a
Central, State or Provincial Act are held by the trust or institution after the 30th day
of November, 1983:”
5.Words “and such assets were not purchased by the trust or institution or acquired by it
by conversion of, or in exchange for, any other asset” omitted by the Finance Act, 1992,
w.r.e.f. 1-4-1983.
6.Inserted, ibid.
7.Inserted by the Finance (No. 2) Act, 1991, w.r.e.f. 1-4-1983.
8.Substituted for “1992” by the Finance Act, 1992, w.e.f. 1-4-1992.
9.Inserted by the Finance Act, 1972, w.e.f. 1-4-1973.

during the previous year used or applied, directly or indirectly, for the benefit
of any person referred to in sub-section (3), in so far as such use or application
relates to any period before the 1st day of July, 1972, no regard shall be had to
the amendments made to this section by section 7 [other than sub-clause (ii) of
clause (a) thereof] of the Finance Act, 1972.] (2) Without prejudice to the generality of the provisions of clause (c) 10
[and clause
(d)] of sub-section (1), the income or the property11
of the trust or institution or
any part of such income or property shall, for the purposes of that clause, be
deemed to have been used or applied for the benefit of a person referred to in
sub-section (3),—
(a)if any part of the income or property11
of the trust or institution is, or
continues to be, lent11
to any person referred to in sub-section (3) for
any period during the previous year without either adequate security
or adequate interest or both;
(b)if any land, building or other property11
of the trust or institution is, or
continues to be, made available for the use of any person referred to
in sub-section (3), for any period during the previous year without
charging adequate rent or other compensation;
(c)if any amount is paid by way of salary, allowance or otherwise during
the previous year to any person referred to in sub-section (3) out of
the resources of the trust or institution for services rendered by that
person to such trust or institution and the amount so paid is in excess
of what may be reasonably paid for such services;
(d)if the services of the trust or institution are made available to any
person referred to in sub-section (3) during the previous year without
adequate remuneration or other compensation;
(e)if any share, security or other property is purchased by or on behalf
of the trust or institution from any person referred to in sub-section
(3) during the previous year for consideration which is more than
adequate;
(f)if any share, security or other property is sold by or on behalf of the
trust or institution to any person referred to in sub-section (3) during
the previous year for consideration which is less than adequate;
12
[(g)if any income or property of the trust or institution is diverted during
the previous year in favour of any person referred to in sub-section
(3):
Provided that this clause shall not apply where the income, or the
value of the property or, as the case may be, the aggregate of the
income and the value of the property, so diverted does not exceed one
thousand rupees;] 1.139CH. III – INCOMES WHICH DO NOT FORM PART OF TOTAL INCOMES. 1310.Inserted by the Finance Act, 1983, w.e.f. 1-4-1983.
11.For the meaning of the terms “property” and “lent”, see Taxmann’s Direct Taxes Manual,
Vol. 3.
12.Substituted by the Finance Act, 1972, w.e.f. 1-4-1973.

(h)if any funds13
of the trust or institution are, or continue to remain,
invested13
for any period during the previous year (not being a period
before the 1st day of January, 1971), in any concern13
in which any
person referred to in sub-section (3) has a substantial interest.
(3) The persons referred to in clause (c) of sub-section (1) and sub-section (2) are
the following, namely :—
(a)the author of the trust or the founder of the institution13
;
(b)any person who has made a substantial contribution to the trust or
institution, 14
[that is to say, any person whose total contribution up to
the end of the relevant previous year exceeds 15
[fifty] thousand
rupees];
(c)where such author, founder or person is a Hindu undivided family, a
member of the family;
16
[(cc)any trustee of the trust or manager (by whatever name called) of the
institution;] (d)any relative of any such author, founder, person, 17
[member, trustee
or manager] as aforesaid;
(e)any concern in which any of the persons referred to in clauses (a), (b),
(c) 18
[, (cc)] and (d) has a substantial interest.
(4) Notwithstanding anything contained in clause (c) of sub-section (1) 19
[but
without prejudice to the provisions contained in clause (d) of that sub-section],
in a case where the aggregate of the funds of the trust or institution invested in
a concern in which any person referred to in sub-section (3) has a substantial
interest, does not exceed five per cent of the capital20
of that concern, the
exemption under section 11 21
[or section 12] shall not be denied in relation to any
income other than the income arising to the trust or the institution from such
investment, by reason only that the 22
[funds] of the trust or the institution have
been invested in a concern in which such person has a substantial interest.
23
[(5) Notwithstanding anything contained in clause (d) of sub-section (1), where
any assets (being debentures issued by, or on behalf of, any company or corpora- S. 13I.T. ACT, 19611.14013.For the meaning of the terms/expressions “funds”, “founder”, “invest”, “any concern” and
“institution”, see Taxmann’s Direct Taxes Manual, Vol. 3.
14.Inserted by the Taxation Laws (Amendment) Act, 1975, w.e.f. 1-4-1977.
15.Substituted for “twenty-five” by the Finance Act, 1994, w.e.f. 1-4-1995. Earlier, “twenty-
five” was substituted for “five” by the Taxation Laws (Amendment) Act, 1984, w.e.f.
1-4-1985.
16.Inserted by the Finance Act, 1972, w.e.f. 1-4-1973.
17.Substituted for “or member”, ibid.
18.Inserted, ibid.
19.Inserted by the Finance Act, 1983, w.e.f. 1-4-1983.
20.For the meaning of the term “capital”, see Taxmann’s Direct Taxes Manual, Vol. 3.
21.Inserted by the Finance Act, 1972, w.e.f. 1-4-1973.
22.Substituted for “moneys” by the Finance (No. 2) Act, 1971, w.e.f. 1-4-1971.
23.Inserted by the Finance (No. 2) Act, 1991, w.r.e.f. 1-4-1983. Original sub-section (5) was
inserted by the Taxation Laws (Amendment) Act, 1975, w.e.f. 1-4-1976 and omitted by the
Finance Act, 1983, w.e.f. 1-4-1983.

tion) are acquired by the trust or institution after the 28th day of February, 1983
but before the 25th day of July, 1991, the exemption under section 11 or section
12 shall not be denied in relation to any income other than the income arising to
the trust or the institution from such assets, by reason only that the funds of the
trust or the institution have been invested in such assets if such funds do not
continue to remain so invested in such assets after the 31st day of March, 1992.] 24
[(6) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (1) or sub-section (2),
but without prejudice to the provisions contained in sub-section (2) of section 12,
in the case of a charitable or religious trust running an educational institution or
a medical institution or a hospital, the exemption under section 11 or section 12
shall not be denied in relation to any income, other than the income referred to
in sub-section (2) of section 12, by reason only that such trust has provided
educational or medical facilities to persons referred to in clause (a) or clause (b)
or clause (c) or clause (cc) or clause (d) of sub-section (3).] 25
[(7) Nothing contained in section 11 or section 12 shall operate so as to exclude
from the total income of the previous year of the person in receipt thereof, any
anonymous donation referred to in section 115BBC on which tax is payable in
accordance with the provisions of that section.] 26
[Explanation 1.—For the purposes of sections 11, 12, 12A and this section, “trust”
includes any other legal obligation and for the purposes of this section “relative”,
in relation to an individual, means—
(i)spouse of the individual;
(ii)brother or sister of the individual;
(iii)brother or sister of the spouse of the individual;
(iv)any lineal ascendant or descendant of the individual;
(v)any lineal ascendant or descendant of the spouse of the individual;
(vi)spouse of a person referred to in sub-clause (ii), sub-clause (iii), sub-
clause (iv) or sub-clause (v);
(vii)any lineal descendant of a brother or sister of either the individual or
of the spouse of the individual.] Explanation 2.—A trust or institution created or established for the benefit of
Scheduled Castes, backward classes, Scheduled Tribes or women and children
shall not be deemed to be a trust or institution created or established for the
benefit of a religious community or caste within the meaning of clause (b) of sub-
section (1).
Explanation 3.—For the purposes of this section, a person shall be deemed to
have a substantial interest in a concern,—
(i)in a case where the concern is a company, if its shares (not being
shares entitled to a fixed rate of dividend whether with or without a 1.141CH. III – INCOMES WHICH DO NOT FORM PART OF TOTAL INCOMES. 1324.Inserted by the Finance Act, 2000, w.e.f. 1-4-2001. Earlier sub-section (6) was omitted by
the Finance Act, 1983, w.e.f. 1-4-1983. Original sub-section (6) was inserted by the Taxation
Laws (Amendment) Act, 1975, w.e.f. 1-4-1977.
25.Inserted by the Finance Act, 2006, w.e.f. 1-4-2007.
26.Substituted by the Finance Act, 1972, w.e.f. 1-4-1973.

S. 13AI.T. ACT, 19611.142
further right to participate in profits) carrying not less than twenty per
cent of the voting power are, at any time during the previous year,
owned beneficially by such person or partly by such person and partly
by one or more of the other persons referred to in sub-section (3);
(ii)in the case of any other concern, if such person is entitled, or such
person and one or more of the other persons referred to in sub-section
(3) are entitled in the aggregate, at any time during the previous year,
to not less than twenty per cent of the profits of such concern.] 27
[Special provision relating to incomes of political parties.
13A.Any income of a political party which is chargeable under the head 28
[***] “Income from house property” or “Income from other sources” or29
[“Capital
gains” or] any income by way of voluntary contributions received by a political
party from any person shall not be included in the total income of the previous
year of such political party :
Provided that—
(a)such political party keeps and maintains such books of account and
other documents as would enable the 30
[Assessing] Officer to properly
deduce its income therefrom;
(b)in respect of each such voluntary contribution in excess of 31
[twenty] thousand rupees, such political party keeps and maintains a record of
such contribution and the name and address of the person who has
made such contribution; and
(c)the accounts of such political party are audited by an accountant as
defined in the Explanation below sub-section (2) of section 288 :
32
[Provided further that if the treasurer of such political party or any other person
authorised by that political party in this behalf fails to submit a report under sub-
section (3) of section 29C of the Representation of the People Act, 1951 (43 of
1951) for a financial year, no exemption under this section shall be available for
that political party for such financial year.] 33
[Explanation.—For the purposes of this section, “political party” means a
political party registered under section 29A of the Representation of the People
Act, 1951 (43 of 1951).]27.Inserted by the Taxation Laws (Amendment) Act, 1978, w.e.f. 1-4-1979.
28.‘ “Interest on securities” ,’ omitted by the Finance Act, 1988, w.e.f. 1-4-1989.
29.Inserted by the Finance Act, 2003, w.r.e.f. 1-4-1979.
30.Substituted for “Income-tax” by the Direct Tax Laws (Amendment) Act, 1987, w.e.f.
1-4-1988.
31.Substituted for “ten” by the Election and Other Related Laws (Amendment) Act, 2003,
w.e.f. 11-9-2003.
32.Inserted by the Election and Other Related Laws (Amendment) Act, 2003, w.e.f. 11-9-2003.
33.Substituted, ibid. Prior to its substitution, Explanation read as under :
‘Explanation.—For the purposes of this section, “political party” means an association or
body of individual citizens of India registered with the Election Commission of India as a
political party under paragraph 3 of the Election Symbols (Reservation and Allotment)
Order, 1968, and includes a political party deemed to be registered with that Commission
under the proviso to sub-paragraph (2) of that paragraph.’

CHAPTER IV
COMPUTATION OF TOTAL INCOME
Heads of income
Heads of income.
34
14.Save as otherwise provided by this Act, all income shall, for the purposes
of charge of income-tax and computation of total income, be classified
under the following heads of income :—
A.—Salaries.
B.—35
[***] C.—Income from house property.
D.—Profits and gains of business or profession.
E.—Capital gains.
F.—Income from other sources.
36
[Expenditure incurred in relation to income not includible in total income37
.
14A.38
[(1)] For the purposes of computing the total income under this Chapter,
no deduction shall be allowed in respect of expenditure incurred by the
assessee in relation to income which does not form part of the total income under
this Act.] 38
[(2) The Assessing Officer shall determine the amount of expenditure incurred
in relation to such income which does not form part of the total income under
this Act in accordance with such method as may be prescribed, if the Assessing
Officer, having regard to the accounts of the assessee, is not satisfied with the
correctness of the claim of the assessee in respect of such expenditure in relation
to income which does not form part of the total income under this Act.
(3) The provisions of sub-section (2) shall also apply in relation to a case where
an assessee claims that no expenditure has been incurred by him in relation to
income which does not form part of the total income under this Act :] 39
[Provided that nothing contained in this section shall empower the Assessing
Officer either to reassess under section 147 or pass an order enhancing the
assessment or reducing a refund already made or otherwise increasing the
liability of the assessee under section 154, for any assessment year beginning on
or before the 1st day of April, 2001.] 1.143CH. IV – COMPUTATION OF TOTAL INCOMES. 14A34.For relevant case laws, see Taxmann’s Master Guide to Income-tax Act.
35.“B.—Interest on securities” omitted by the Finance Act, 1988, w.e.f. 1-4-1989.
36.Inserted by the Finance Act, 2001, w.r.e.f. 1-4-1962.
37.See also Circular No. 11/2001, dated 23-7-2001. For details, see Taxmann’s Master Guide
to Income-tax Act.
38.Inserted by the Finance Act, 2006, w.e.f. 1-4-2007.
39.Inserted by the Finance Act, 2002, w.r.e.f. 11-5-2001.

A.—Salaries
Salaries.
40
15.41
The following income shall be chargeable to income-tax under the head
“Salaries”—
(a)any salary due42
from an employer or a former employer to an
assessee in the previous year, whether paid42
or not;
(b)any salary paid42
or allowed42
to him in the previous year by or on
behalf of an employer or a former employer though not due or before
it became due to him;
(c)any arrears of salary paid or allowed to him in the previous year by
or on behalf of an employer or a former employer, if not charged to
income-tax for any earlier previous year.
43
[Explanation 1].—For the removal of doubts, it is hereby declared that where
any salary paid in advance is included in the total income of any person for any
previous year it shall not be included again in the total income of the person when
the salary becomes due.
44
[Explanation 2.—Any salary, bonus, commission or remuneration, by whatever
name called, due to, or received by, a partner of a firm from the firm shall not
be regarded as “salary” for the purposes of this section.] Deductions from salaries.
45
16.The income chargeable under the head “Salaries” shall be computed after
making the following deductions, namely :—
(i)46
[***] S. 16I.T. ACT, 19611.144
(Contd. on p. 1.145)40.See also Circular No. 2(LVIII-32)-D of 1966, dated 21-2-1966, Circular No. 293, dated
10-2-1981, Letter [F. No. 45/118/66-ITJ], dated 21-8-1967, Circular No. 309, dated 3-7-1981,
Letter No. 35/1/65-IT(B), dated 5-11-1965, Circular No. 312, dated 31-8-1981 and Letter
F. No. 40/29/67-IT(A-I), dated 22-5-1967. For details, see Taxmann’s Master Guide to
Income-tax Act.
41.For relevant case laws, see Taxmann’s Master Guide to Income-tax Act.
42.For the meaning of the terms “due”, “paid” and “allowed”, see Taxmann’s Direct Taxes
Manual, Vol. 3.
43.Existing Explanation renumbered as Explanation 1 by the Finance Act, 1992, w.e.f.
1-4-1993.
44.Inserted, ibid. Earlier Explanation 2 was inserted and omitted by the Direct Tax Laws
(Amendment) Act, 1987/1989, w.e.f. 1-4-1989.
45.For relevant case laws, see Taxmann’s Master Guide to Income-tax Act.
46.Omitted by the Finance Act, 2005, w.e.f. 1-4-2006. Prior to its omission, clause (i) as
substituted by the Finance Act, 2001, w.e.f. 1-4-2002 and Finance Act, 2003, w.e.f. 1-4-2004,
read as under :
“(i)in the case of an assessee whose income from salary, before allowing a deduction
under this clause,—
(A)does not exceed five lakh rupees, a deduction of a sum equal to forty per cent
of the salary or thirty thousand rupees, whichever is less;
(B)exceeds five lakh rupees, a deduction of a sum of twenty thousand rupees;”
Earlier clause (i) was amended by the Finance Act, 1974, w.e.f. 1-4-1975, Finance (No. 2)
Act, 1980, w.e.f. 1-4-1981, Finance Act, 1981, w.e.f. 1-4-1982, Finance Act, 1982, w.e.f.

47
[(ii)a deduction in respect of any allowance in the nature of an entertain-
ment allowance specifically granted by an employer to the assessee
who is in receipt of a salary from the Government, a sum equal to one-
fifth of his salary (exclusive of any allowance, benefit or other
perquisite) or five thousand rupees, whichever is less;] 48
[(iii)a deduction of any sum paid by the assessee on account of a tax on
employment within the meaning of clause (2) of article 27649
of the
Constitution, leviable by or under any law.] (iv)50
[***] (v)51
[***] “Salary”, “perquisite” and “profits in lieu of salary” defined.
52
17.53
For the purposes of sections 15 and 16 and of this section,—
(1)“salary”54
includes54
—
(i)wages;
(ii)any annuity or pension;
(iii)any gratuity54
;
(iv)any fees54
, commissions, perquisites or profits in lieu of or in
addition to any salary or wages;
(v)any advance of salary; 1.145CH. IV – COMPUTATION OF TOTAL INCOME FROM SALARIESS. 17
1-4-1983, Finance Act, 1983, w.e.f. 1-4-1984, Taxation Laws (Amendment) Act, 1984, w.r.e.f.
1-4-1975, Finance Act, 1985, w.e.f. 1-4-1986, Finance Act, 1986, w.e.f. 1-4-1987, Finance Act,
1988, w.e.f. 1-4-1989, Finance Act, 1989, w.e.f. 1-4-1990, Finance Act, 1992, w.e.f. 1-4-1993,
Finance Act, 1993, w.e.f. 1-4-1994, Finance (No. 2) Act, 1996, w.e.f. 1-4-1997, Finance Act,
1997, w.e.f. 1-4-1998 and Finance (No. 2) Act, 1998, w.e.f. 1-4-1999.
47.Substituted by the Finance Act, 2001, w.e.f. 1-4-2002. Earlier clause (ia) was inserted by the
Finance (No. 2) Act, 1996, w.e.f. 1-4-1997 and clause (ii) was amended by the Finance
(No. 2) Act, 1980, w.e.f. 1-4-1981, Finance Act, 1997, w.e.f. 1-4-1998 and Finance (No. 2) Act,
1998, w.e.f. 1-4-1999.
48.Inserted by the Finance Act, 1989, w.e.f. 1-4-1990. Earlier, it was omitted by the Finance
Act, 1974, w.e.f. 1-4-1975.
49.Article 276(2) of the Constitution reads as under :
“276. (2) The total amount payable in respect of any one person to the State or to any one
municipality, district board, local board or other local authority in the State by way of
taxes on professions, trades, callings and employments shall not exceed two thousand and
five hundred rupees per annum.”
50.Omitted by the Finance Act, 1974, w.e.f. 1-4-1975. Earlier, clause (iv) was substituted/
amended by the Finance Act, 1968, w.e.f. 1-4-1968, the Finance Act, 1969, w.e.f. 1-4-1970,
the Finance Act, 1970, w.e.f. 1-4-1971 and the Finance (No. 2) Act, 1971, w.e.f. 1-4-1972.
51.Omitted by the Finance Act, 1974, w.e.f. 1-4-1975.
52.See also Circular No. 9/2003, dated 18-11-2003, Circular No. 603, dated 6-6-1991 and
Circular No. 710, dated 24-7-1995. For details, see Taxmann’s Master Guide to Income-tax
Act.
53.For relevant case laws, see Taxmann’s Master Guide to Income-tax Act.
54.For the meaning of the terms/expressions “salary”, “includes”, “fee . . . in addition to any
salary” and “any gratuity”, see Taxmann’s Direct Taxes Manual, Vol. 3.(Contd. from p. 1.144)

55
[(va)any payment received by an employee in respect of any period of
leave not availed of by him;] (vi)the annual accretion to the balance at the credit of an employee
participating in a recognised provident fund, to the extent to
which it is chargeable to tax under rule 6 of Part A of the Fourth
Schedule;
(vii)the aggregate of all sums that are comprised in the transferred
balance as referred to in sub-rule (2) of rule 11 of Part A of the
Fourth Schedule of an employee participating in a recognised
provident fund, to the extent to which it is chargeable to tax under
sub-rule (4) thereof; and
56
[(viii)the contribution made by the Central Government 57
[or any other
employer] in the previous year, to the account of an employee
under a pension scheme referred to in section 80CCD;] 58
(2)“perquisite” includes—
59
(i)the value of rent-free accommodation provided to the assessee
by his employer;
(ii)the value of any concession in the matter of rent60
respecting any
accommodation provided to the assessee by his employer;
61
[Explanation 1.—For the purposes of this sub-clause, conces-
sion in the matter of rent shall be deemed to have been provided
if,—
62
[(a)in a case where an unfurnished accommodation is pro-
vided by any employer other than the Central Government
or any State Government and— S. 17(2)I.T. ACT, 19611.14655.Inserted by the Taxation Laws (Amendment) Act, 1984, w.r.e.f. 1-4-1978.
56.Inserted by the Finance (No. 2) Act, 2004, w.r.e.f. 1-4-2004.
57.Inserted by the Finance Act, 2007, w.r.e.f. 1-4-2004.
58.See rule 3.
59.In terms of section 10A of the Salaries and Allowances of Ministers Act, 1952/Salaries and
Allowances of Officers of Parliament Act, 1953 and section 9A of the Salary and
Allowances of Leaders of Opposition in Parliament Act, 1977, value of rent-free furnished
residence (including maintenance thereof) provided to a minister/an officer of Parlia-
ment and a Leader of the Opposition is not to be included in the computation of his income
chargeable to tax under the head “Salaries”.
60.For the meaning of term “rent”, see Taxmann’s Direct Taxes Manual, Vol. 3.
61.Inserted by the Finance Act, 2007, w.r.e.f. 1-4-2002.
62.Substituted, ibid., w.r.e.f. 1-4-2006. Clause (a) of Explanation 1 to section 17(2)(ii), as
applicable for the period 1-4-2002 to 31-3-2006 (i.e., assessment years 2002-03 to 2005-06),
read as under :
“(a)in a case where an unfurnished accommodation is provided by any employer other
than the Central Government or any State Government and—
(i)the accommodation is owned by the employer, the value of the accommoda-
tion determined at the rate of ten per cent of salary in cities having population
exceeding four lakhs as per 1991 census and seven and one-half per cent of
salary in other cities, in respect of the period during which the said accom-
(Contd. on p. 1.147)

(i)the accommodation is owned by the employer, the
value of the accommodation determined at the speci-
fied rate in respect of the period during which the said
accommodation was occupied by the assessee during
the previous year exceeds the rent recoverable from,
or payable by, the assessee;
(ii)the accommodation is taken on lease or rent by the
employer, the value of the accommodation being the
actual amount of lease rental paid or payable by the
employer or fifteen per cent of salary, whichever is
lower, in respect of the period during which the said
accommodation was occupied by the assessee during
the previous year exceeds the rent recoverable from,
or payable by, the assessee;] (b)in a case where a furnished accommodation is provided by
the Central Government or any State Government, the
licence fee determined by the Central Government or any
State Government in respect of the accommodation in
accordance with the rules framed by such Government as
increased by the value of furniture and fixtures in respect
of the period during which the said accommodation was
occupied by the assessee during the previous year, ex-
ceeds the aggregate of the rent recoverable from, or
payable by, the assessee and any charges paid or payable
for the furniture and fixtures by the assessee;
(c)in a case where a furnished accommodation is provided by
an employer other than Central Government or any State
Government and—
(i)the accommodation is owned by the employer, the
value of the accommodation determined under
sub-clause (i) of clause (a) as increased by the value
of the furniture and fixtures in respect of the period
during which the said accommodation was occu-
pied by the assessee during the previous year,
exceeds the rent recoverable from, or payable by,
the assessee;
(ii)the accommodation is taken on lease or rent by the
employer, the value of the accommodation deter-
mined under sub-clause (ii) of clause (a) as in- 1.147CH. IV – COMPUTATION OF TOTAL INCOME FROM SALARIESS. 17(2)
modation was occupied by the assessee during the previous year, exceeds the
rent recoverable from, or payable by, the assessee;
(ii)the accommodation is taken on lease or rent by the employer, the value of the
accommodation being the actual amount of lease rental paid or payable by
the employer or ten per cent of salary, whichever is lower, in respect of the
period during which the said accommodation was occupied by the assessee
during the previous year, exceeds the rent recoverable from, or payable by,
the assessee;”(Contd. from p. 1.146)

creased by the value of the furniture and fixtures in
respect of the period during which the said accom-
modation was occupied by the assessee during the
previous year, exceeds the rent recoverable from,
or payable by, the assessee;
(d)in a case where the accommodation is provided by the
employer in a hotel (except where the assessee is provided
such accommodation for a period not exceeding in aggre-
gate fifteen days on his transfer from one place to an-
other), the value of the accommodation determined at the
rate of twenty-four per cent of salary paid or payable for
the previous year or the actual charges paid or payable to
such hotel, whichever is lower, for the period during which
such accommodation is provided, exceeds the rent recov-
erable from, or payable by, the assessee.
Explanation 2.—For the purposes of this sub-clause, value of
furniture and fixture shall be ten per cent per annum of the cost
of furniture (including television sets, radio sets, refrigerators,
other household appliances, air-conditioning plant or equipment
or other similar appliances or gadgets) or if such furniture is hired
from a third party, the actual hire charges payable for the same
as reduced by any charges paid or payable for the same by the
assessee during the previous year.
Explanation 3.—For the purposes of this sub-clause, “salary”
includes the pay, allowances, bonus or commission payable
monthly or otherwise or any monetary payment, by whatever
name called, from one or more employers, as the case may be, but
does not include the following, namely:—
(a)dearness allowance or dearness pay unless it enters into the
computation of superannuation or retirement benefits of the
employee concerned;
(b)employer’s contribution to the provident fund account of the
employee;
(c)allowances which are exempted from the payment of tax;
(d)value of the perquisites specified in this clause;
(e)any payment or expenditure specifically excluded under the
proviso to this clause.] 63
[Explanation 4.—For the purposes of this sub-clause, “specified
rate” shall be—
(i)fifteen per cent of salary in cities having population exceed-
ing twenty-five lakhs as per 2001 census;
(ii)ten per cent of salary in cities having population exceeding
ten lakhs but not exceeding twenty-five lakhs as per 2001
census; and
(iii)seven and one-half per cent of salary in any other place;] S. 17(2)I.T. ACT, 19611.14863.Inserted by the Finance Act, 2007, w.r.e.f. 1-4-2006.

(iii)the value of any benefit or amenity granted or provided free of
cost or at concessional rate in any of the following cases—
(a)by a company to an employee who is a director thereof;
(b)by a company to an employee being a person who has a
substantial interest in the company;
(c)by any employer (including a company) to an employee to
whom the provisions of paragraphs (a) and (b) of this sub-
clause do not apply and whose income 64
[under the head
“Salaries” (whether due from, or paid or allowed by, one or
more employers), exclusive of the value of all benefits or
amenities not provided for by way of monetary payment,
exceeds 65
[fifty] thousand rupees:] 66
[***] 67
[Explanation.—For the removal of doubts, it is hereby declared
that the use of any vehicle provided by a company or an employer
for journey by the assessee from his residence to his office or
other place of work, or from such office or place to his residence,
shall not be regarded as a benefit or amenity granted or provided
to him free of cost or at concessional rate for the purposes of this
sub-clause;] (iiia)68
[***] (iv)any sum paid by the employer in respect of any obligation which,
but for such payment, would have been payable by the assessee;
(v)any sum payable by the employer, whether directly or through a
fund, other than a recognised provident fund or an approved
superannuation fund 69
[or a Deposit-linked Insurance Fund
established under section 3G of the Coal Mines Provident Fund
and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1948 (46 of 1948), or, as the
case may be, section 6C of the Employees’ Provident Funds and
Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952 (19 of 1952)], to effect an 1.149CH. IV – COMPUTATION OF TOTAL INCOME FROM SALARIESS. 17(2)64.Substituted for ‘under the head “Salaries”, exclusive of the value of all benefits or
amenities not provided for by way of monetary payment, exceeds eighteen thousand
rupees;’ by the Finance Act, 1985, w.e.f. 1-4-1986.
65.Substituted for “twenty-four” by the Finance Act, 2001, w.e.f. 1-4-2002.
66.Omitted by the Finance Act, 2007, w.e.f. 1-4-2008. Prior its omission, proviso, as, inserted
by the Finance Act, 2000, w.e.f. 1-4-2001, and later on amended by the Finance Act, 2001,
w.e.f. 1-4-2001 read as under :
“Provided that nothing contained in this sub-clause shall apply to the value of any benefit
provided by a company free of cost or at a concessional rate to its employees by way of
allotment of shares, debentures or warrants directly or indirectly under any Employees’
Stock Option Plan or Scheme of the company offered to such employees in accordance
with the guidelines issued in this behalf by the Central Government*.”
*See Notification No. SO 1021(E), dated 11-10-2001 for Guidelines regarding Employees’
Stock Option Plan or Scheme.
67.Inserted by the Finance Act, 1989, w.e.f. 1-4-1990.
68.Omitted by the Finance Act, 2000, w.e.f. 1-4-2001. Earlier, sub-clause (iiia), was inserted by
the Finance Act, 1999, w.e.f. 1-4-2000.
69.Inserted by the Labour Provident Fund Laws (Amendment) Act, 1976, w.e.f. 1-8-1976.

assurance on the life of the assessee or to effect a contract for an
annuity; and
70
[(vi)the value of any other fringe benefit or amenity71
(excluding the
fringe benefits chargeable to tax under Chapter XII-H) 71
as may
be prescribed72
:] 73
[Provided that nothing in this clause shall apply to,—
(i)the value of any medical treatment provided to an employee or
any member of his family in any hospital maintained by the
employer;
74
[(ii)any sum paid by the employer in respect of any expenditure
actually incurred by the employee on his medical treatment or
treatment of any member of his family—
(a)in any hospital maintained by the Government or any local
authority or any other hospital approved75
by the Govern-
ment for the purposes of medical treatment of its employees;
(b)in respect of the prescribed diseases76
or ailments, in any
hospital approved by the Chief Commissioner having regard
to the prescribed guidelines77
:
Provided that, in a case falling in sub-clause (b), the employee
shall attach with his return of income a certificate from the
hospital specifying the disease or ailment for which medical
treatment was required and the receipt for the amount paid to the
hospital;] (iii)any portion of the premium paid by an employer in relation to an
employee, to effect or to keep in force an insurance on the health
of such employee under any scheme approved by the Central
Government 78
[or the Insurance Regulatory and Development
Authority established under sub-section (1) of section 3 of the
Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority Act, 1999 (41
of 1999),] for the purposes of clause (ib) of sub-section (1) of
section 36; S. 17(2)I.T. ACT, 19611.15070.Substituted by the Finance Act, 2005, w.e.f. 1-4-2006. Prior to its substitution, sub-clause
(vi), as inserted by the Finance Act, 2001, w.e.f. 1-4-2002, read as under :
“(vi)the value of any other fringe benefit or amenity as may be prescribed.”
71.For meaning of expression “fringe benefit or amenity”, and “as may be prescribed”
see Taxmann’s Direct Taxes Manual, Vol. 3.
72.See rule 3.
73.Inserted by the Finance (No. 2) Act, 1991, w.e.f. 1-4-1991.
74.Substituted by the Finance Act, 1994, w.r.e.f. 1-4-1993. Prior to its substitution, clause (ii)
was substituted by the Finance Act, 1992, w.e.f. 1-4-1993.
75.For list of hospitals recognised under the Central Government Health Scheme vide
Circular No. 603, dated 6-6-1991, see Taxmann’s Master Guide to Income-tax Act.
76.See rule 3A(2) for prescribed diseases.
77.See rule 3A(1) for conditions to be fulfilled by a hospital to obtain Chief Commissioner’s
approval.
78.Inserted by the Finance Act, 2006, w.e.f. 1-4-2007.

(iv)any sum paid by the employer in respect of any premium paid by
the employee to effect or to keep in force an insurance on his
health or the health of any member of his family under any
scheme approved by the Central Government 78a
[or the Insurance
Regulatory and Development Authority established under sub-
section (1) of section 3 of the Insurance Regulatory and Develop-
ment Authority Act, 1999 (41 of 1999),] for the purposes of section
80D;
(v)any sum paid by the employer in respect of any expenditure
actually incurred by the employee on his medical treatment or
treatment of any member of his family [other than the treatment
referred to in clauses (i) and (ii)]; so, however, that such sum does
not exceed 79
[fifteen] thousand rupees in the previous year;
(vi)any expenditure incurred by the employer on—
(1)medical treatment of the employee, or any member of the
family of such employee, outside India;
(2)travel 80
[and] stay abroad of the employee or any member of
the family of such employee for medical treatment;
(3)travel and stay abroad of one attendant who accompanies
the patient in connection with such treatment,
81
[subject to the condition that—
(A)the expenditure on medical treatment and stay abroad shall
be excluded from perquisite only to the extent permitted by
the Reserve Bank of India; and
(B)the expenditure on travel shall be excluded from perquisite
only in the case of an employee whose gross total income, as
computed before including therein the said expenditure,
does not exceed two lakh rupees;] (vii)any sum paid by the employer in respect of any expenditure
actually incurred by the employee for any of the purposes
specified in clause (vi) subject to the conditions specified in or
under that clause :
82
[Provided further that for the assessment year beginning on the 1st
day of April, 2002, nothing contained in this clause shall apply to any
employee whose income under the head “Salaries” (whether due
from, or paid or allowed by, one or more employers) exclusive of the
value of all perquisites not provided for by way of monetary payment,
does not exceed one lakh rupees.] Explanation.—For the purposes of clause (2),— 1.151CH. IV – COMPUTATION OF TOTAL INCOME FROM SALARIESS. 17(2)78a.Inserted by the Finance Act, 2006, w.e.f. 1-4-2007.
79.Substituted for “ten” by the Finance (No. 2) Act, 1998, w.e.f. 1-4-1999.
80.Substituted for “or” by the Finance Act, 1993, w.e.f. 1-4-1993.
81.Substituted, ibid. Prior to its substitution, it was amended by the Finance Act, 1992, w.e.f.
1-4-1993.
82.Inserted by the Finance Act, 2002, w.e.f. 1-4-2002.

(i)“hospital” includes a dispensary or a clinic 83
[or a nursing home];
(ii)“family”, in relation to an individual, shall have the same meaning
as in clause (5) of section 10; and
(iii)“gross total income” shall have the same meaning as in clause (5)
of section 80B;] 84
[* * *] 85
(3)“profits86
in lieu of salary” includes—
(i)the amount of any compensation86
due to or received by an
assessee from his employer or former employer at or in connec-
tion with the termination of his employment or the modification
of the terms and conditions relating thereto;
(ii)any payment (other than any payment referred to in clause (10)
87
[, clause (10A)] 88
[, clause (10B)], clause (11), 89
[clause (12)
90
[, clause (13)] or clause (13A)] of section 10), due to or received
by an assessee from an employer or a former employer or from
a provident or other fund 91
[* * *], to the extent to which it does not
consist of contributions by the assessee or 92
[interest on such
contributions or any sum received under a Keyman insurance
policy including the sum allocated by way of bonus on such
policy.
Explanation.—For the purposes of this sub-clause, the expression
“Keyman insurance policy” shall have the meaning assigned to it
in clause (10D) of section 10;] 93
[(iii)any amount due to or received, whether in lump sum or other-
wise, by any assessee from any person—
(A)before his joining any employment with that person; or
(B)after cessation of his employment with that person.] S. 17(3)I.T. ACT, 19611.15283.Inserted by the Finance Act, 1992, w.e.f. 1-4-1993.
84.Sub-clause (vi) along with consequential amendments in sub-clauses (iv) and (v), omitted
by the Finance Act, 1985, w.e.f. 1-4-1985. Original sub-clause was inserted by the Taxation
Laws (Amendment) Act, 1984, w.e.f. 1-4-1985. Amendment thus never came into operation.
85.See also Letter F. No. 35/26/64-IT(B), dated 25-5-1964. For details, see Taxmann’s Master
Guide to Income-tax Act.
86.For the meaning of the terms “profits” and “compensation”, see Taxmann’s Direct Taxes
Manual, Vol. 3.
87.Inserted by the Finance (No. 2) Act, 1965, w.r.e.f. 1-4-1962.
88.Inserted by the Finance Act, 1975, w.e.f. 1-4-1976.
89.Substituted for “or clause (12)” by the Direct Taxes (Amendment) Act, 1964, w.e.f.
6-10-1964.
90.Inserted by the Finance Act, 1995, w.e.f. 1-4-1996.
91.Words “(not being an approved superannuation fund)” omitted, ibid.
92.Substituted for “interest on such contributions” by the Finance (No. 2) Act, 1996, w.e.f.
1-10-1996.
93.Inserted by the Finance Act, 2001, w.e.f. 1-4-2002.

1.153CH. IV – COMPUTATION OF TOTAL INCOME FROM HOUSE PROPERTYS. 23
94
[***] C.—Income from house property
Income from house property.
95
22.96
The annual value of property consisting of any buildings97
or lands appur-
tenant97
thereto of which the assessee is the owner97
, other than such
portions of such property as he may occupy97
for the purposes of any business
or profession carried on by him the profits of which are chargeable to income-
tax, shall be chargeable to income-tax under the head “Income from house
property”.
98
[Annual value how determined.
23.(1) For the purposes of section 22, the annual value of any property shall be
deemed to be—
(a)the sum for which the property might reasonably be expected to let
from year to year; or
(b)where the property or any part of the property is let and the actual
rent received or receivable99
by the owner in respect thereof is in94.Sub-heading “B.—Interest on securities” and sections 18 to 21 omitted by the Finance Act,
1988, w.e.f. 1-4-1989. Prior to their omission, sub-heading and section 18 were amended
by the Finance Act, 1965, w.e.f. 1-4-1965 and the Finance Act, 1988, w.e.f. 1-4-1988. Sections
19 and 20 were amended by the Finance Act, 1979, w.e.f. 1-4-1980.
95.See also Circular No. 9, dated 25-3-1969 and Circular No. 2(XLVIII-2), dated 13-6-1955. For
details, see Taxmann’s Master Guide to Income-tax Act.
96.For relevant case laws, see Taxmann’s Master Guide to Income-tax Act.
97.For the meaning of the terms “building”, “appurtenant”, “owner” and “occupy”, see
Taxmann’s Direct Taxes Manual, Vol. 3.
98.Substituted by the Finance Act, 2001, w.e.f. 1-4-2002. Prior to its substitution, section 23,
as amended by the Finance (No. 2) Act, 1967, w.e.f. 1-4-1967, Finance Act, 1968, w.e.f.
1-4-1969, Taxation Laws (Amendment) Act, 1970, w.e.f. 1-4-1971, Taxation Laws (Amend-
ment) Act, 1975, w.e.f. 1-4-1976, Finance Act, 1978, w.e.f. 1-4-1979, Finance Act, 1982, w.e.f.
1-4-1983, Taxation Laws (Amendment) Act, 1984, w.e.f. 1-4-1985/1-4-1984, Finance Act,
1986, w.e.f. 1-4-1987 and Finance Act, 1992, w.e.f. 1-4-1993, read as under:
‘23. Annual value how determined.—(1) For the purposes of section 22, the annual value
of any property shall be deemed to be—
(a)the sum for which the property might reasonably be expected to let from year to
year; or
(b)where the property is let and the annual rent received or receivable by the owner
in respect thereof is in excess of the sum referred to in clause (a), the amount so
received or receivable :
Provided that where the property is in the occupation of a tenant, the taxes levied by any
local authority in respect of the property shall, to the extent such taxes are borne by the
owner, be deducted (irrespective of the previous year in which the liability to pay such
taxes was incurred by the owner according to the method of accounting regularly
employed by him) in determining the annual value of the property of that previous year
in which such taxes are actually paid by him :
Provided further that the annual value as determined under this sub-section shall,—
(a)in the case of a building comprising one or more residential units, the erection of
which is begun after the 1st day of April, 1961, and completed before the 1st day of
April, 1970, for a period of three years from the date of completion of the building,
be reduced by a sum equal to the aggregate of—
(Contd. on p. 1.154)

S. 23I.T. ACT, 19611.154(Contd. from p. 1.153)
(i)in respect of any residential unit whose annual value as so determined does
not exceed six hundred rupees, the amount of such annual value;
(ii)in respect of any residential unit whose annual value as so determined
exceeds six hundred rupees, an amount of six hundred rupees;
(b)in the case of a building comprising one or more residential units, the erection of
which is begun after the 1st day of April, 1961, and completed after the 31st day of
March, 1970, but before the 1st day of April, 1978, for a period of five years from
the date of completion of the building, be reduced by a sum equal to the aggregate
of—
(i)in respect of any residential unit whose annual value as so determined does
not exceed one thousand two hundred rupees, the amount of such annual
value;
(ii)in respect of any residential unit whose annual value as so determined
exceeds one thousand two hundred rupees, an amount of one thousand two
hundred rupees;
(c)in the case of a building comprising one or more residential units, the erection of
which is completed after the 31st day of March, 1978, but before the 1st day of April,
1982, for a period of five years from the date of completion of the building, be
reduced by a sum equal to the aggregate of—
(i)in respect of any residential unit whose annual value as so determined does
not exceed two thousand four hundred rupees, the amount of such annual
value;
(ii)in respect of any residential unit whose annual value as so determined
exceeds two thousand four hundred rupees, an amount of two thousand four
hundred rupees;
(d )in the case of a building comprising one or more residential units, the erection of
which is completed after the 31st day of March, 1982 but before the 1st day of April,
1992, for a period of five years from the date of completion of the building, be
reduced by a sum equal to the aggregate of—
(i)in respect of any residential unit whose annual value as so determined does
not exceed three thousand six hundred rupees, the amount of such annual
value ;
(ii)in respect of any residential unit whose annual value as so determined
exceeds three thousand six hundred rupees, an amount of three thousand six
hundred rupees.
Explanation 1.—For the purposes of this sub-section, “annual rent” means—
(a)in a case where the property is let throughout the previous year, the actual rent
received or receivable by the owner in respect of such year; and
(b)in any other case, the amount which bears the same proportion to the amount of
the actual rent received or receivable by the owner for the period for which the
property is let, as the period of twelve months bears to such period.
Explanation 2.—For the removal of doubts, it is hereby declared that where a deduction
in respect of any taxes referred to in the first proviso to this sub-section is allowed in
determining the annual value of the property in respect of any previous year (being a
previous year relevant to the assessment year commencing on the 1st day of April, 1984
or any earlier assessment year), no deduction shall be allowed under the first proviso in
determining the annual value of the property in respect of the previous year in which such
taxes are actually paid by the owner.
(2) Where the property consists of—
(a)a house or part of a house in the occupation of the owner for the purposes of his
own residence,—
(Contd. on p. 1.155)

excess of the sum referred to in clause (a), the amount so received or
receivable; or
(c)where the property or any part of the property is let and was vacant
during the whole or any part of the previous year and owing to such
vacancy the actual rent received or receivable by the owner in respect
thereof is less than the sum referred to in clause (a), the amount so
received or receivable :
Provided that the taxes levied1
by any local authority in respect of the
property shall be deducted (irrespective of the previous year in which the liability
to pay such taxes was incurred by the owner according to the method of
accounting regularly employed by him) in determining the annual value of the
property of that previous year in which such taxes are actually paid by him. 1.155CH. IV – COMPUTATION OF TOTAL INCOME FROM HOUSE PROPERTYS. 23(Contd. from p. 1.154)
(i)which is not actually let during any part of the previous year and no other
benefit therefrom is derived by the owner, the annual value of such house or
part of the house shall be taken to be nil;
(ii)which is let during any part or parts of the previous year, that part of the
annual value (annual value being determined in the same manner as if the
property had been let) which is proportionate to the period during which the
property is in the occupation of the owner for the purposes of his own
residence, or, as the case may be, where such property is let out in parts, that
portion of the annual value appropriate to any part which was occupied by
the owner for his own residence, which is proportionate to the period during
which such part is wholly occupied by him for his own residence shall be
deducted in determining the annual value.
Explanation.—The deduction under this sub-clause shall be made irrespec-
tive of whether the period during which the property or, as the case may be,
part of the property was used for the residence of the owner precedes or
follows the period during which it is let;
(b)more than one house in the occupation of the owner for the purposes of his own
residence, the provisions of clause (a) shall apply only in respect of one of such
houses, which the assessee may, at his option, specify in this behalf;
(c)more than one house and such houses are in the occupation of the owner for the
purposes of his own residence, the annual value of the house or houses, other than
the house in respect of which the assessee has exercised an option under clause (b),
shall be determined under sub-section (1) as if such house or houses had been let.
Explanation.—Where any such residential unit as is referred to in the second proviso to
sub-section (1) is in the occupation of the owner for the purposes of his own residence,
nothing contained in that proviso shall apply in computing the annual value of that
residential unit.
(2A) [***] (3) Where the property referred to in sub-section (2) consists of one residential house only
and it cannot actually be occupied by the owner by reason of the fact that owing to his
employment, business or profession carried on at any other place, he has to reside at that
other place in a building not belonging to him, the annual value of such house shall be
taken to be nil :
Provided that the following conditions are fulfilled, namely :—
(i)such house is not actually let, and
(ii)no other benefit therefrom is derived by the owner.’
99.For the meaning of the term “receivable”, see Taxmann’s Direct Taxes Manual, Vol. 3.
1.For the meaning of the term “levied”, see Taxmann’s Direct Taxes Manual, Vol. 3.

S. 24I.T. ACT, 19611.156
Explanation.—For the purposes of clause (b) or clause (c) of this sub-section, the
amount of actual rent received or receivable by the owner shall not include,
subject to such rules2
as may be made in this behalf, the amount of rent which
the owner cannot realise.
(2) Where the property consists of a house or part of a house which—
(a)is in the occupation of the owner for the purposes of his own
residence; or
(b)cannot actually be occupied by the owner by reason of the fact that
owing to his employment, business or profession carried on at any
other place, he has to reside at that other place in a building not
belonging to him,
the annual value of such house or part of the house shall be taken to be nil.
(3) The provisions of sub-section (2) shall not apply if—
(a)the house or part of the house is actually let during the whole or any
part of the previous year; or
(b)any other benefit therefrom is derived by the owner.
(4) Where the property referred to in sub-section (2) consists of more than one
house—
(a)the provisions of that sub-section shall apply only in respect of one of
such houses, which the assessee may, at his option, specify in this
behalf;
(b)the annual value of the house or houses, other than the house in
respect of which the assessee has exercised an option under clause (a),
shall be determined under sub-section (1) as if such house or houses
had been let.] 3
[Deductions from income from house property.
24.Income chargeable under the head “Income from house property” shall be
computed after making the following deductions, namely:—
(a)a sum equal to thirty per cent of the annual value;
(b)where the property has been acquired, constructed, repaired, re-
newed or reconstructed with borrowed capital, the amount of any
interest payable on such capital:2.See rule 4.
3.Substituted by the Finance Act, 2001, w.e.f. 1-4-2002. Prior to its substitution, section 24,
as amended by the Finance Act, 1968, w.e.f. 1-4-1969, Finance (No. 2) Act, 1977, w.e.f.
1-4-1977, Finance Act, 1983, w.e.f. 1-4-1984, Finance Act, 1986, w.e.f. 1-4-1987, Finance Act,
1992, w.e.f. 1-4-1993, Finance Act, 1994, w.e.f. 1-4-1995, Finance (No. 2) Act, 1996, w.e.f.
1-4-1997/w.r.e.f. 1-4-1995, Finance (No. 2) Act, 1998, w.e.f. 1-4-1999, Finance Act, 1999,
w.e.f. 1-4-2000 and Finance Act, 2000, w.e.f. 1-4-2001, read as under:
‘24. Deductions from income from house property.—(1) Income chargeable under the head
“Income from house property” shall, subject to the provisions of sub-section (2), be
computed after making the following deductions, namely:—
(Contd. on p. 1.157)

1.157CH. IV – COMPUTATION OF TOTAL INCOME FROM HOUSE PROPERTYS. 24
Provided that in respect of property referred to in sub-section (2) of
section 23, the amount of deduction shall not exceed thirty thousand
rupees :
Provided further that where the property referred to in the first
proviso is acquired or constructed with capital borrowed on or after
the 1st day of April, 1999 and such acquisition or construction is(Contd. from p. 1.156)
(i)in respect of repairs of, and collection of rent from, the property, a sum equal to one-
fourth of the annual value;
(ii)the amount of any premium paid to insure the property against risk of damage or
destruction ;
(iii)[***] (iv)where the property is subject to an annual charge (not being a charge created by
the assessee voluntarily or a capital charge), the amount of such charge ;
(v)where the property is subject to a ground rent, the amount of such ground rent ;
(vi)where the property has been acquired, constructed, repaired, renewed or recon-
structed with borrowed capital, the amount of any interest payable on such capital.
Explanation.—Where the property has been acquired or constructed with bor-
rowed capital, the interest, if any, payable on such capital for the period prior to the
previous year in which the property has been acquired or constructed, as reduced
by any part thereof allowed as a deduction under any other provision of this Act,
shall be deducted under this clause in equal instalments for the said previous year
and for each of the four immediately succeeding previous years;
(vii)any sums paid on account of land revenue or any other tax levied by the State
Government in respect of the property;
(viii)[***] (ix)where the property is let and was vacant during a part of the year, that part of the
annual value which is proportionate to the period during which the property is
wholly unoccupied or, where the property is let out in parts, that portion of the
annual value appropriate to any vacant part, which is proportionate to the period
during which such part is wholly unoccupied.
Explanation.—The deduction under this clause shall be made irrespective of
whether the period during which the property or, as the case may be, part of the
property was vacant precedes or follows the period during which it is let;
(x)subject to such rules as may be made in this behalf, the amount in respect of rent
from property let to a tenant which the assessee cannot realise.
(2) No deduction shall be allowed under sub-section (1) in respect of property of the nature
referred to in sub-clause (i) of clause (a) of sub-section (2), or sub-section (3) of section 23:
Provided that nothing in this sub-section shall apply to the allowance of a deduction under
clause (vi) of sub-section (1) of an amount not exceeding thirty thousand rupees in respect
of the property of the nature referred to in sub-clause (i) of clause (a) of sub-section (2)
of section 23 or sub-section (3) of section 23 :
Provided further that where the property is acquired or constructed with capital bor-
rowed on or after the 1st day of April, 1999 and such acquisition or construction is
completed before the 1st day of April, 2003, the provisions of the first proviso shall have
effect as if for the words “thirty thousand rupees”, the words “one lakh rupees” had been
substituted.
(3) The total amount deductible under sub-section (1) in respect of property of the nature
referred to in sub-clause (ii) of clause (a) of sub-section (2) of section 23 shall not exceed
the annual value of the property as determined under that section.’

S. 25AI.T. ACT, 19611.158
completed 4
[within three years from the end of the financial year in
which capital was borrowed], the amount of deduction under this
clause shall not exceed one lakh fifty thousand rupees.
Explanation.—Where the property has been acquired or constructed
with borrowed capital, the interest, if any, payable on such capital
borrowed for the period prior to the previous year in which the
property has been acquired or constructed, as reduced by any part
thereof allowed as deduction under any other provision of this Act,
shall be deducted under this clause in equal instalments for the said
previous year and for each of the four immediately succeeding
previous years:] 5
[Provided also that no deduction shall be made under the second
proviso unless the assessee furnishes a certificate, from the person to
whom any interest is payable on the capital borrowed, specifying the
amount of interest payable by the assessee for the purpose of such
acquisition or construction of the property, or, conversion of the
whole or any part of the capital borrowed which remains to be repaid
as a new loan.
Explanation.—For the purposes of this proviso, the expression “new
loan” means the whole or any part of a loan taken by the assessee
subsequent to the capital borrowed, for the purpose of repayment of
such capital.] Amounts not deductible from income from house property.
25.Notwithstanding anything contained in section 24, any 6
[***] interest
chargeable under this Act which is payable outside India (not being interest
on a loan issued for public subscription before the 1st day of April, 1938), on
which tax has not been paid or deducted under Chapter XVII-B and in respect
of which there is no person in India who may be treated as an agent under section
163 shall not be deducted in computing the income chargeable under the head
“Income from house property”.
7
[Special provision for cases where unrealised rent allowed as deduction is
realised subsequently.
25A.Where a deduction has been made under clause (x) of sub-section (1) of
section 24 8
[as it stood immediately before its substitution by the Finance
Act, 2001] in the assessment for any year in respect of rent from property let to
a tenant which the assessee cannot realise and subsequently during any previous
year the assessee has realised any amount in respect of such rent, the amount so4.Substituted for “before the 1st day of April, 2003” by the Finance Act, 2002, w.e.f. 1-4-2003.
5.Inserted, ibid.
6.Words “annual charge or” omitted by the Finance Act, 2001, w.e.f. 1-4-2002.
7.Inserted by the Taxation Laws (Amendment) Act, 1984, w.e.f. 1-4-1985.
8.Inserted by the Finance Act, 2001, w.e.f. 1-4-2002.

1.159CH. IV – COMPUTATION OF TOTAL INCOME FROM HOUSE PROPERTYS. 26
realised shall be deemed to be income chargeable under the head “Income from
house property” and accordingly charged to income-tax (without making any
deduction under section 23 or section 24 9
[as it stood immediately before its
substitution by the Finance Act, 2001]) as the income of that previous year,
whether the assessee is the owner of that property in that year or not.] 9
[Unrealised rent received subsequently to be charged to income-tax.
25AA.Where the assessee cannot realise rent from a property let to a tenant
and subsequently the assessee has realised any amount in respect of
such rent, the amount so realised shall be deemed to be income chargeable under
the head “Income from house property” and accordingly charged to income-tax
as the income of that previous year in which such rent is realised whether or not
the assessee is the owner of that property in that previous year.] 10
[Special provision for arrears of rent received.
25B. Where the assessee—
(a)is the owner of any property consisting of any buildings or lands
appurtenant thereto which has been let to a tenant; and
(b)has received any amount, by way of arrears of rent from such
property, not charged to income-tax for any previous year,
the amount so received, after deducting 11
[a sum equal to thirty per cent of such
amount], shall be deemed to be the income chargeable under the head “Income
from house property” and accordingly charged to income-tax as the income of
that previous year in which such rent is received, whether the assessee is the
owner of that property in that year or not.] Property owned by co-owners.
12
26.13
Where property consisting of buildings or buildings and lands appur-
tenant thereto is owned by two or more persons and their respective shares
are definite and ascertainable, such persons shall not in respect of such property
be assessed as an association of persons, but the share of each such person in the
income from the property as computed in accordance with sections 22 to 25 shall
be included in his total income.
14
[Explanation.—For the purposes of this section, in applying the provisions of
sub-section (2) of section 23 for computing the share of each such person as is
referred to in this section, such share shall be computed, as if each such person
is individually entitled to the relief provided in that sub-section.]9.Inserted by the Finance Act, 2001, w.e.f. 1-4-2002.
10.Inserted by the Finance Act, 2000, w.e.f. 1-4-2001.
11.Substituted for “a sum equal to one-fourth of such amount for repairs of, and collection
of rent from, the property” by the Finance Act, 2001, w.e.f. 1-4-2002.
12.See also Letter F. No. 45/230/63-ITJ, dated 22-2-1965. For details, see Taxmann’s Master
Guide to Income-tax Act.
13.For relevant case laws, see Taxmann’s Master Guide to Income-tax Act.
14.Inserted by the Taxation Laws (Amendment) Act, 1975, w.e.f. 1-4-1976.