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g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#
g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#
g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#

k|df0fLs/0f / k|sfzg ldlt
@)^#÷!)÷!
;+zf]wg

!= g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -klxnf] ;+zf]wg_,@)^# @)^#÷! !÷#)
@= g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -bf];|f] ;+zf]wg_, @)^$ @)^$÷ @÷#)
#= g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -t];|f] ;+zf]wg_, @)^$ @)^$÷)( ÷!#
$= g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -rf}yf]] ;+zf]wg_, @)^% @)^%÷)@ ÷!^
%= g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -kfrf}] ;+zf]wg_, @)^% @)^%÷)# ÷@(
^= g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -5}]7f}} ;+zf]wg_, @)^% @)^%÷ )*÷#)
&= g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -;ftf}+ ;+zf]wg_, @)^^ @)^^÷!)÷ !&
*= g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -cf7f}} ;+zf]wg_, @)^& @)^&÷)@ ÷!$
(= g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -gjf+}} ;+zf]wg_, @)^& @)^*÷)@÷ !$

k|:tfjgf
k|:tfjgf k|:tfjgf
k|:tfjgf
M xfdL ;fj{ef}d;Qf / /fhsLo;Qf ;DkGg g]kfnL hgtfÙ
g]kfnL hgtfn] @))& ;fn klxn]b]lv xfn;Dd k6s k6s ub}{ cfPsf P]ltxfl;s ;+3if{ /
hgcfGbf]ng dfk{mt nf]stGq, zflGt / cu|udgsf kIfdf k|s6 ePsf] hgfb]zsf] ;Ddfg ub}{Ù
b]zdf ljBdfg juL{o, hftLo, If]qLo, n}+lËs ;d:ofx¿nfO{ ;d fwfg ug{ /fHosf] cu|ufdL
k’g;{+/rgf ug]{ ;ÍNk ub}{Ù k|lt:kwf{Tds ax’bnLo nf]stflGqs zf;g Joj:yf, gful/s :jt Gqtf, df}lns clwsf/, dfgj
clwsf/, aflnu dtflwsf/, cfjlws lgjf{rg, k”0f{ k|]; :jtG qtf, :jtGq Gofokflnsf tyf sfg”gL
/fHosf] cjwf/0ff nufot nf]stflGqs d”No / dfGotfk|ltsf] k”0f{ k|lta4tf JoQm ub}{{Ù
g]kfnL hgtfsf] cfˆgf] nflu cfkm} ;+ljwfg agfpg kfpg] / eod’Qm jftfj/0fdf ;+ljwfg
;efsf] :jtGq / lgikIf lgjf{rgdf ;xefuL x’g kfpg] cfwf /e”t clwsf/sf] k|Tofe”lt ub}{Ù
nf]stGq, zflGt, ;d[l4, cu|ufdL cfly{s–;fdflhs kl/jt{g t yf b]zsf] ;fj{ef}ldstf,
cv08tf, :jtGqtf / :jfledfgnfO{ s]Gb|df /fVb}Ù
 /fhtGqsf] ljlwjt cGTo u/L g]kfn Ps ;+3Lo, nf]stflGqs u0 ftGqfTds /fHo ePsf] 3f]if0ff ub}{,
 rf}+yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk

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cfh;Ddsf qmflGt / cfGbf]ngaf6 k|fKt pknlAwx¿nfO{ ;+:y fut ug{ ;+ljwfg ;efaf6
gofF ;+ljwfg gag];Ddsf] nflu /fhg}lts ;xdltaf6 tof/ eP sf] of] g]kfnsf] cGtl/d
;+ljwfg, @)^# hf/L ePsf] 3f]if0ff ub{5f}+ .
efu !
efu ! efu !
efu !

k|f/lDes
k|f/lDes k|f/lDes
k|f/lDes

!=
!=!=
!=

;+ljwfg d”n sfg
;+ljwfg d”n sfg;+ljwfg d”n sfg
;+ljwfg d”n sfg”g
“g”g
“g M
MM
M

-!_ of] ;+ljwfg g]kfnsf] d”n sfg”g xf] . o; ;+ljwfg;Fu afl
emg] sfg”g
aflemPsf] xb;Dd cdfGo x’g]5 .
-@_ o; ;+ljwfgsf] kfngf ug'{ k|To]s JolQmsf] st{Jo x’g]5 .
@=
@=@=
@=

;fj{ef}d;Qf / /fhsLo;Qf
;fj{ef}d;Qf / /fhsLo;Qf;fj{ef}d;Qf / /fhsLo;Qf
;fj{ef}d;Qf / /fhsLo;Qf
M
MM
M g]kfnsf] ;fj{ef}d;Qf / /fhsLo;Qf g]kfnL hgtfdf lglxt
/xg]5 .
#=
#=#=
#=

/fi6«
/fi6«/fi6«
/fi6«
M
MM
M ax’hftLo, ax’eflifs, ax’wfld{s, ax’;f+:s[lts ljz]iftfo’Q
m, ;dfg cfsfªIff / g]kfnsf] /fli6«o :jtGqtf, cv08tf, /fli6«o lxt tyf ;d[l4k|lt cf:y fjfg /xL Pstfsf] ;”qdf cfa4
;a} g]kfnL hgtf ;dli6 ¿kdf /fi6« xf] .
$=
$=$=
$=

g]kfn /fHo
g]kfn /fHog]kfn /fHo
g]kfn /fHo
M
MM
M

-!_ g]kfn Ps :jtGq, cljefHo, ;fj{ef}d;Qf;DkGg, wd{lg/
k]If, ;dfj]zL
4;+3Lo nf]stflGqs, u0ftGqfTds /fHo xf] .
-@_ g]kfnsf] If]q b]xfo adf]lhd x’g]5M– -s_ of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De x’Fbfsf avtsf] If]q, /
-v_ of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De ePkl5 k|fKt x’g] If]q .
%=
%=%=
%=

/fi6« efiff
/fi6« efiff/fi6« efiff
/fi6« efiff
M
MM
M

-!_ g]kfndf af]lng] ;a} dft[efiffx¿ /fi6« efiff x’g .
-@_ b]jgfu/L lnlkdf g]kfnL efiff ;/sf/L sfdsfhsf] ef iff x’g]5 .
-#_ pkwf/f -@_ df h’g;’s} s’/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg :yfgL o lgsfo tyf
sfof{nodf dft[efiff k|of]u ug{ s’g} jfwf k’¥ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g . To;/L k|of]u ul/Psf] efiffnfO{ /fHon] ;/sf/L sfdsfhsf] efiffdf ¿kfGt/ u/L clen]v /fVg]5 .
^=
^=^=
^=

/fli6
/fli6/fli6
/fli6«o
«o «o
«o em08f
em08fem08f
em08f
M
MM
M l;ld|s /Ësf] e’OF / uf9f gLnf] /Ësf] lsgf/f ePsf] b’O{ lq
sf]0f clnslt
hf]l/Psf], dflyNnf] efudf v’k]{ rGb|sf] aLrdf ;f]x|df cf7 sf ]0f b]lvg] ;]tf] cfsf/ / tNnf] efudf afx| sf]0fo’Qm ;”o{sf] ;]tf] cfsf/ clÍt ePsf], k/Dk /fut em08f g]kfnsf] /fli6«o
em08f xf] . ;f] em08f agfpg] tl/sf / tT;DaGwL c? ljj/ 0f cg’;”rL–! df pNn]v eP
adf]lhd x’g]5 .
&=
&=&=
&=

/fli6«o ufg OToflb
/fli6«o ufg OToflb/fli6«o ufg OToflb
/fli6«o ufg OToflb
M
MM
M

-!_ g]kfnsf] /fli6«o ufg / lgzfgf 5fk g]kfn ;/sf/n] lgw
f{/0f
u/]adf]lhd x’g]5 .
4 rf}+yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

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-@_ g]kfnsf] /fli6«o k”mn nfnLu’/fF;, /fli6«o /Ë l;ld|s , /fli6«o hgfj/ ufO{ /
/fli6«o k+IfL 8fFkm] x’g]5 .
efu @
efu @ efu @
efu @

gful/stf
gful/stf gful/stf
gful/stf

*=
*=*=
*=

;+ljwfg k|f/De x’
;+ljwfg k|f/De x’;+ljwfg k|f/De x’
;+ljwfg k|f/De x’
“
““
“
bfsf avtsf] gful/stf
bfsf avtsf] gful/stf bfsf avtsf] gful/stf
bfsf avtsf] gful/stf

M
MM
M

-!_ of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De x’Fbfsf avt g]kfnsf] gful/stf k|fKt u/]sf] / o; efu adf]lhd gful/stf k|fKt ug { of]Uo JolQmx¿ g]kfnsf
gful/s x’g]5g . -@_ of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De x’Fbfsf avt g]kfndf :yfoL a;f]jf; ePsf] b]xfosf] JolQm j+zhsf] cfwf/df g]kfnsf] gful/s 7xg]{5M– -s_ of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De x’g’eGbf cl3 j+zhsf] cfwf/df gful/s tf k|fKt u/]sf] JolQm, -v_ s’g} JolQmsf] hGd x’Fbfsf avt lghsf] afa’ jf cfdf g]k fnL gful/s /x]5
eg] To:tf] JolQm . -#_ g]kfn ;/xbleq k]mnf k/]sf] lkt[Tj dft[Tjsf] 7]ufg ge Psf] k|To]s
gfafns lghsf] afa’ jf cfdf k]mnf gk/];Dd j+zhsf] cfwf/df g]kfnL gful/s 7xg]{5 .
-$_ g]kfnleq ufleg] u/L s’g} If]q k|fKt ePdf ;f] If]qleq a; f]jf; ePsf] JolQm k|rlnt sfg”gsf] cwLgdf /xL g]kfnsf] gful/s x’g]5 . -%_ ;+jt @)$^ ;fn r}q d;fGt;Dd g]kfn ;/xbleq hGd eO{ g]kf ndf
:yfoL ¿kn] a;f]jf; ub}{ cfPsf] JolQmn] k|rlnt sfg”g adf]lhd hGdsf] cfwf/df g]kfnsf] gful/stf k|fKt ug]{5 .
t/ o; Joj:yf cGtu{t gful/stf k|fKt ug{ k|rlnt sfg”gdf J oj:yf eP
adf]lhd Ps k6ssf] nflu tf]lsPsf] cjlwleq lgj]bg lbO;s]sf ] x’g’ kg]{5 .
-^_ g]kfnL gful/s;Fu j}jflxs ;DaGw sfod u/]sL ljb]zL dlx nfn] rfx]df
k|rlnt sfg”g adf]lhd cËLs[t g]kfnL gful/stf lng ;Sg]5 . -&_ o; wf/fdf cGoq h’g;’s} s’/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ljb]zL g ful/s;Fu
ljjfx u/]sL g]kfnL dlxnf gful/saf6 hlGdPsf] JolQmsf] xs df lghsf] g]kfndf hGd eO{
g]kfndf g} :yfoL a;f]jf; u/]sf] / afj’sf] gful/stfsf] cfwf/ df lghn] ljb]zL d’n’ssf] gful/stf k|fKt u/]sf] /x]g5 eg] lghn] k|rlnt sfg”g adf]lhd g ]kfnsf] cËLs[t gful/stf
k|fKt ug{ ;Sg]5 .
(=
(=(=
(=

cËLs[t jf ;Ddfgfy{ gful/stfM
cËLs[t jf ;Ddfgfy{ gful/stfMcËLs[t jf ;Ddfgfy{ gful/stfM
cËLs[t jf ;Ddfgfy{ gful/stfM
wf/f * df n]lvP afx]s sfg”gdf Joj:yf eP adf]lhd
g]kfn ;/sf/n] cËLs[t jf ;Ddfgfy{ g]kfnL gful/stf k|bfg ug { ;Sg]5 .

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!)=
!)=!)=
!)=

gful/stfsf] k|flKt / ;dflKtM
gful/stfsf] k|flKt / ;dflKtMgful/stfsf] k|flKt / ;dflKtM
gful/stfsf] k|flKt / ;dflKtM gful/stfsf] k|flKt, ;dflKt nufot cfjZos cGo Joj:yf
k|rlnt sfg”g adf]lhd x’g]5 .
!!=
!!=!!=
!!=

gful/stf 6f]nL v6fOg]M
gful/stf 6f]nL v6fOg]Mgful/stf 6f]nL v6fOg]M
gful/stf 6f]nL v6fOg]M
g]kfn ;/sf/n] k|rlnt sfg”gdf Joj:yf eP adf]lhd gful/stf

kfpg of]Uotf k’u]sf JolQmnfO{ gful/stf k|bfg ug{ gful/stf ljt/0f 6f]nL v6fpg ;Sg]5 .

efu #
efu # efu #
efu #

df}lns xs
df}lns xs df}lns xs
df}lns xs

!@=
!@=!@=
!@=

:jtGqtfsf] xs
:jtGqtfsf] xs:jtGqtfsf] xs
:jtGqtfsf] xs M
MM
M

-!_ k|To]s JolQmnfO{ ;Ddfgk”j{s afFRg kfpg] xs x’g]5 / d[T
o’ b08sf] ;hfo x’g] u/L s’g} sfg”g agfOg] 5}g . -@_ sfg”g adf]lhd afx]s s’g} klg JolQmsf] j}olQms :jtGqt f ckx/0f x’g] 5}g .
-#_ k|To]s gful/snfO{ b]xfosf] :jtGqtf x’g]5M– -s_ ljrf/ / cleJolQmsf] :jtGqtf,
-v_ lagf xftxltof/ zflGtk”j{s e]nf x’g] :jtGqtf,
-u_ /fhg}lts bn vf]Ng] :jtGqtf,
-3_ ;+3 / ;+:yf vf]Ng] :jtGqtf,
-ª_ g]kfnsf] s’g} klg efudf cfjthfjt / a;f]jf; ug]{
:jtGqtf, -r_ s’g} k]zf, /f]huf/, pBf]u / Jofkf/ ug]{ :jtGqtf . t/,
-!_ v08 -s_ sf] s’g} s’/fn] g]kfnsf] ;fj{ef}d;Qf, cv08tf jf
ljleGg hft, hflt, wd{ jf ;Dk|bfox¿sf aLrsf] ;’;DaGwdf
vnn kg]{ jf ufnL j]OHhtL jf cbfntsf] cjx]ngf x’g] jf
ck/fw ug{ b’?T;fxg lbg] jf ;fj{hlgs lzi6frf/ jf
g}ltstfsf] k|lts”n x’g] sfo{df dgfl;a k|ltaGw nufpg] u/L
sfg”g agfpg /f]s nufPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
-@_ v08 -v_ sf] s’g} s’/fn] g]kfnsf] ;fj{ef}d;Qf, cv08tf jf
;fj{hlgs zflGt / Joj:yfdf vnn kg]{ sfo{df dgfl;a
k|ltaGw nufpg] u/L sfg”g agfpg /f]s nufPsf] dflgg] 5}g .

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-#_ v08 -u_ / -3_ sf] s’g} s’/fn] g]kfnsf] ;fj{ef}d;Qf,
cv08tf jf ljleGg hft, hflt, wd{ jf ;Dk|bfox¿sf aLrsf ] ;’;DaGwdf vnn kg]{ jf lx+;fTds sfo{ ug{ b’?T;flxt ug]{
jf ;fj{hlgs g}ltstfsf] k|lts”n x’g] sfo{df dgfl;a
k|ltaGw nufpg] u/L sfg”g agfpg /f]s nufPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
-$_ v08 -ª_ sf] s’g} s’/fn] ;j{;fwf/0f hgtfsf] lxt jf ljl eGg
hft, hflt, wd{ jf ;Dk|bfox¿sf aLrsf] ;’;DaGwdf vnn
kg]{ sfo{df dgfl;a k|ltaGw nufpg] u/L sfg”g agfpg /f]s
nufPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
-%_ v08 -r_ sf] s’g} s’/fn] ;j{;fwf/0f hgtfsf] ;fj{hlgs :jf:Yo jf g}ltstfsf] k|lts”n x’g] sfo{df /f]s nufpg] jf
s’g} vf; pBf]u, Jofkf/ jf ;]jf /fHon] dfq ;~rfng ug]{
jf s’g} pBf]u, Jofkf/, k]zf jf /f]huf/ ug{sf] nflu s’g} zt {
jf of]Uotf tf]Sg] u/L sfg”g agfpg /f]s nufPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
!#=
!#=!#=
!#=

;dfgtfsf] xs
;dfgtfsf] xs;dfgtfsf] xs
;dfgtfsf] xs

M
MM
M

-!_ ;a} gful/s sfg”gsf] b[li6df ;dfg x’g]5g . s;}nfO{ klg
sfg”gsf] ;dfg ;+/If0faf6 jl~rt ul/g] 5}g . -@_ ;fdfGo sfg”gsf] k|of]udf s’g} klg gful/sdfly wd{, j0f{ , lnË, hft, hflt,
pTklQ, efiff jf j}rfl/s cf:yf jf tL dWo] s’g} s’/fsf] cf wf/df e]befj ul/g] 5}g .
-#_ /fHon] gful/sx¿sf aLr wd{, j0f{, hft, hflt, lnË, pTklQ, efiff jf j}rfl/s
cf:yf jf tL dWo] s’g} s’/fsf] cfwf/df e]befj ug]{ 5}g . t/ dlxnf, blnt, cflbjf;L hghflt, dw]zL jf ls;fg, dh b’/ jf cfly{s,
;fdflhs jf ;f+:s[lts b[li6n] lk5l8Psf] ju{ jf afns, j[4 t yf ckfË jf zf/Ll/s jf
dfgl;s ¿kn] czQm JolQmsf] ;+/If0f, ;zlQms/0f jf ljsf;s f] nflu sfg”gåf/f ljz]if
Joj:yf ug{ /f]s nufPsf] dflgg] 5}g . -$_ ;dfg sfdsf nflu dlxnf / k’?ifsf aLr kfl/>lds tyf ;fdflhs ;’/Iffdf
e]befj ul/g] 5}g .
!$=
!$=!$=
!$=

5’jf5’t tyf hflto e]befj lj?4sf] xsM
5’jf5’t tyf hflto e]befj lj?4sf] xsM5’jf5’t tyf hflto e]befj lj?4sf] xsM
5’jf5’t tyf hflto e]befj lj?4sf] xsM

-!_ s’g} klg JolQmnfO{ hft, j+z, ;d’bfo jf
k]zfsf cfwf/df s’g} lsl;dsf] 5’jf5’t tyf hflto e]befj ul/ g] 5}g . o:tf] e]befjk”0f{
Jojxf/ b08gLo x’g]5 / kLl8t JolQmn] sfg”gåf/f lgwf{/0f eP adf]lhdsf] Ifltk”lt{ kfpg]5 .

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-@_ s’g} klg JolQmnfO{ hft hfltsf] cfwf/df ;fj{hlgs k|of]u df /x]sf ;]jf,
;’ljwf jf pkof]usf s’/fx¿ k|of]u ug{af6 jf ;fj{hlgs :yn j f ;fj{hlgs wfld{s :yndf
k|j]z ug{ jf wfld{s sfo{ ug{af6 jl~rt ul/g] 5}g . -#_ s’g} j:t’, ;]jf jf ;’ljwf pTkfbg jf ljt/0f ubf{ To:tf ] ;]jf, ;’ljwf jf
j:t’ s’g} vf; hft, hfltsf] JolQmnfO{ vl/b jf k|fKt ug{af6 /f]s nufpg jf To:tf] j:t’,
;]jf jf ;’ljwf s’g} vf; hft, hfltsf] JolQmnfO{ dfq laqmL ljt/0f ul/g] 5}g .
-$_ s’g} hft, hflt jf pTklQsf JolQm jf JolQmx¿sf] ;d”x sf] pr gLr
bzf{pg], hft, hfltsf] cfwf/df ;fdflhs lje]bnfO{ Gofof]lrt 7x/fpg] jf hflto ;jf{]Rrtf
jf 3[0ffdf cfwfl/t ljrf/sf] k|rf/ k|;f/ ug{] jf hflto lj e]bnfO{ s’g} klg lsl;dn] k|f]T;fxg ug{ kfOg] 5}g . -%_ pkwf/f -@_, -#_ / -$_ ljk/Ltsf] sfo{ sfg”g adf]lhd b08gLo x’g]5 .
!%=
!%=!%=
!%=

k|sfzg, k|;f/0f tyf 5fkfvfgf ;DaGwL xs
k|sfzg, k|;f/0f tyf 5fkfvfgf ;DaGwL xsk|sfzg, k|;f/0f tyf 5fkfvfgf ;DaGwL xs
k|sfzg, k|;f/0f tyf 5fkfvfgf ;DaGwL xs
M
MM
M

-!_ ljB’tLo k|sfzg, k|;f/0f tyf 5fkf
nufotsf cGo h’g;’s} dfWodaf6 s’g} ;dfrf/, ;DkfbsLo, n]v, /rgf jf cGo s’g} kf7o,
>Jo b[io ;fdu|Lsf] k|sfzg tyf k|;f/0f ug{ jf 5fKg k”j{ k|ltaGw nufOg] 5}g .
t/ g]kfnsf] ;fj{ef}d;Qf jf cv08tf jf ljleGg hft, hfl t jf ;Dk|bfo aLrsf] ;’;DaGwdf vnn kg]{, /fHob|f]x, ufnL a]OHhtL jf cbfntsf] cj x]ngf x’g] jf ck/fw ug{
b’?T;fxg ug]{ jf ;fj{hlgs lzi6frf/ jf g}ltstf k|lts”n x’g] s fo{df dgfl;a k|ltaGw
nufpg] u/L sfg”g agfpg /f]s nufPsf] dflgg] 5}g . -@_ s’g} >Jo, >Jo b[io jf ljB’tLo pks/0fsf] dfWodaf6 s’g} ;fdu|Lsf] k|sfzg tyf k|;f/0f u/] jf 5fk] jfkt To:tf] ;fdu|L k|sfzg tyf k|;f/0f ug]{ jf 5fKg],
/]l8of], 6]lnlehg, cgnfOg jf cGo s’g} lsl;dsf] l8lh6n jf ljB’tLo, 5fkf jf cGo
;~rf/ dfWodnfO{ aGb, hkmt jf btf{ vf/]h ul/g] 5}g . -#_ s’g} ;dfrf/ n]v, ;DkfbsLo, /rgf jf cGo s’g} kf7o ;f du|L d’b|0f jf
k|sfzg u/] jfkt s’g} ;dfrf/kq, klqsf jf 5fkfvfgf aGb, h kmt jf btf{ vf/]h ul/g] 5}g . -$_ sfg”g adf]lhd afx]s s’g} 5fkf, ljB’tLo k|;f/0f tyf 6]ln kmf]g nufotsf
;~rf/ ;fwgnfO{ cj?4 ug{ ;lsg] 5}g .
!^=
!^=!^=
!^=

jftfj/0f tyf :jf:Yo ;DaGwL xs
jftfj/0f tyf :jf:Yo ;DaGwL xsjftfj/0f tyf :jf:Yo ;DaGwL xs
jftfj/0f tyf :jf:Yo ;DaGwL xs

M
MM
M

-!_ k|To]s JolQmnfO{ :jR5 jftfj/0fdf afFRg] xs
x’g]5 .
-@_ k|To]s gful/snfO{ /fHoaf6 sfg”gdf Joj:yf eP adf ]lhd cfwf/e”t
:jf:Yo ;]jf lgMz’Ns ¿kdf kfpg] xs x’g]5 .

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www.lawcommission.gov.np 7
!&=
!&=!&=
!&=

lzIff tyf ;+:s[lt ;DaGwL xs
lzIff tyf ;+:s[lt ;DaGwL xslzIff tyf ;+:s[lt ;DaGwL xs
lzIff tyf ;+:s[lt ;DaGwL xs

M
MM
M

-!_ k|To]s ;d’bfonfO{ sfg”gdf Joj:yf eP adf]lhd cfˆgf] dft[ efiffdf cfwf/e”t lzIff kfpg] xs x’g]5 . -@_ k|To]s gful/snfO{ /fHoaf6 sfg”gdf Joj:yf eP adf]lhd dfWolds tx;Dd
lgMz’Ns lzIff kfpg] xs x’g]5 . -#_ g]kfndf a;f]jf; ug{] k|To]s ;d’bfonfO{ cfˆgf] efiff, ln lk, ;+:s[lt, ;f+:s[lts
;Eotf / ;Dkbfsf] ;+/If0f / ;+j4{g ug{] xs x’g]5 .
!*=
!*= !*=
!*=

/f]huf/L tyf ;fdflhs ;’/Iff ;DaGwL xsM
/f]huf/L tyf ;fdflhs ;’/Iff ;DaGwL xsM/f]huf/L tyf ;fdflhs ;’/Iff ;DaGwL xsM
/f]huf/L tyf ;fdflhs ;’/Iff ;DaGwL xsM

-!_ k|To]s gful/snfO{ sfg”gdf Joj:yf eP
adf]lhd /f]huf/Lsf] xs x’g]5 .
-@_ dlxnf, >lds, j[4, ckfË tyf czQm / c;xfo gful/snf O{ sfg”gdf
Joj:yf eP adf]lhd ;fdflhs ;’/Iffsf] xs x’g]5 . -#_ k|To]s gful/snfO{ sfg”gdf Joj:yf eP adf]lhd vfB ;Dk|e ‘Qfsf] xs
x’g]5 .
!(=
!(= !(=
!(=

;DklQsf] xsM
;DklQsf] xsM;DklQsf] xsM
;DklQsf] xsM

-!_ k|To]s gful/snfO{ k|rlnt sfg”gsf] cwLgdf /xL ;DklQ c
fh{g ug]{, ef]u
ug]{, a]rlavg ug]{ / ;DklQsf] cGo sf/f]af/ ug]{ xs x’g]5 . -@_ ;fj{hlgs lxtsf] nflu afx]s /fHon] s’g} JolQmsf] ;Dkl Q clwu|x0f jf k|fKt
ug]{ jf To:tf] ;DklQ pk/ c? s’g} k|sf/n] s’g} clwsf/sf] l;h{gf ug]{ 5}g .
t/ cj}w 9Ën] cfh{g u/]sf] ;Dkltsf] xsdf of] pkwf/f nfu ” x’g] 5}g .
-#_ j}1flgs e”ld;’wf/ sfo{qmd nfu” ubf{ jf ;fj{hlgs lxtsf ] nflu /fHon] s’g}
JolQmsf] ;DklQ clwu|x0f jf k|fKt ubf{ jf To:tf] ;DklQ pk/ s’g} clwsf/sf] l;h{gf ubf{
sfg”g adf]lhd Ifltk”lt{ lbOg]5 . Ifltk”lt{ / ;f]sf] cfwf/ / sfo{ k|0ffnL sfg”gåf/f lgwf{/0f
ul/P adf]lhd x’g]5 .
@)=
@)=@)=
@)=

dlxnfsf] xs
dlxnfsf] xsdlxnfsf] xs
dlxnfsf] xs

M
MM
M

-!_ dlxnf ePs} sf/0faf6 s’g} klg lsl;dsf] e]befj ul/g] 5
}g .
-@_ k|To]s dlxnfnfO{ k|hgg :jf:Yo tyf k|hgg ;DaGwL xs x’g ]5 .
-#_ s’g} klg dlxnf lj?4 zf/Ll/s, dfgl;s jf cGo s’g} lsl ;dsf] lx+;fhGo
sfo{ ul/g] 5}g / To:tf] sfo{ sfg”gåf/f b08gLo x’g]5 . -$_ k}t[s ;Dkltdf 5f]/f / 5f]/LnfO{ ;dfg xs x’g]5 .
@!=
@!= @!=
@!=

;fdflhs Gofosf] xs
;fdflhs Gofosf] xs;fdflhs Gofosf] xs
;fdflhs Gofosf] xs
M
MM
M cfly{s, ;fdflhs jf z}lIfs b[li6n] kl5 k/]sf dlxnf, bln
t,
cflbjf;L hghflt, dw]zL ;d’bfo, pTkLl8t ju{, u/La ls;f g / dhb’/nfO{ ;dfg’kflts
;dfj]zL l;4fGtsf] cfwf/df /fHosf] ;+/rgfdf ;xefuL x’g] xs x’g]5 .
@@=
@@= @@=
@@=

afnaflnsfsf] xs
afnaflnsfsf] xsafnaflnsfsf] xs
afnaflnsfsf] xs
M
MM
M

-!_ k|To]s afnaflnsfnfO{ cfˆgf] klxrfg tyf gfdsf] xs x’g
]5 .

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www.lawcommission.gov.np 8
-@_ k|To]s afnaflnsfnfO{ kfngkf]if0f, cfwf/e”t :jf:Yo / ;fdflhs ;’/Iff
k|fKt ug]{ xs x’g]5 . -#_ k|To]s afnaflnsfnfO{ zf/Ll/s, dfgl;s jf cGo s’g} kl g lsl;dsf] zf]if0f lj?4sf] xs x’g]5 . o:tf] zf]if0fhGo sfo{ sfg”gåf/f b08gLo x’g]5 / To:tf] Jojxf/
ul/Psf] JolQmnfO{ sfg”gn] lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhdsf] Ifltk”lt{ lbOg]5 .
-$_ c;xfo, cgfy, ;’:t dgl:ylt, åGåkLl8t, lj:yflkt P j+ hf]lvddf k/]sf
;8s afnaflnsfnfO{ ;’lglZrt eljiosf] nflu /fHoaf6 ljz]i f ;’ljwf kfpg] xs x’g]5 .
-%_ s’g} klg gfafnsnfO{ s’g} snsf/vfgf, vfgL jf o:t} cGo s’g} hf]lvdk”0f{
sfddf nufpg jf ;]gf, k|x/L jf åGådf k|of]u ug{ kfO{g] 5 }g .
@#=
@#=@#=
@#=

wd{ ;DaGwL xs
wd{ ;DaGwL xswd{ ;DaGwL xs
wd{ ;DaGwL xs
M
MM
M

-!_ k|To]s JolQmnfO{ k|rlnt ;fdflhs Pj+ ;f+:s[lts k/Dk
/fsf] dof{bf
/fvL k/fk”j{b]lv rlncfPsf] cfˆgf] wd{sf] cjnDag, cEof; / ;+/If0f ug{] xs x’g]5 .
t/ s;}n] s;}sf] wd{ kl/jt{g u/fpg kfpg] 5}g / Ps csf{sf] wd{df vnn kfg{] u/L s’g} sfd, Jojxf/ ug{ kfOg] 5}g .
@$=
@$=@$=
@$=

Gofo ;DaGwL xsM
Gofo ;DaGwL xsMGofo ;DaGwL xsM
Gofo ;DaGwL xsM

-!_ s’g} klg JolQmnfO{ kqmfp ePsf] sf/0f ;lxtsf] ;”rgf gl
bO{ y’gfdf
/flvg] 5}g . -@_ kqmfpdf k/]sf JolQmnfO{ kqmfp k/]sf] ;dodf g} cfk”mn ] /f]h]sf] sfg”g
Joj;foL;Fu ;Nnfx lng kfpg] xs x’g]5 . To:tf] JolQmn] cfˆg f] sfg”g Joj;foL;Fu u/]sf] k/fdz{ / lghn] lbPsf] ;Nnfx uf]Ko /xg]5 / To:tf] JolQmnf O{ cfˆgf] sfg”g Joj;foLåf/f
k’k{If ug{] xsaf6 jl~rt ul/g] 5}g .
:ki6Ls/0f
:ki6Ls/0f :ki6Ls/0f
:ki6Ls/0f
M o; pkwf/fsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu æsfg”g Joj;foLÆ eGgfn] s’g}
cbfntdf s’g}
JolQmsf] k|ltlglwTj ug{ sfg”gn] clwsf/ lbPsf] JolQmnfO{ hg fpg]5 .
-#_ kqmfp ul/Psf] JolQmnfO{ kqmfp ePsf] ;doaf6 af6f]sf ] Dofb afx]s
rf}aL; 306fleq d’2f x]g]{ clwsf/L ;dIf pkl:yt u/fpg’ kg{]5 / To:tf] clwsf/Laf6 cfb]z
ePdf afx]s kqmfp ePsf JolQmnfO{ y’gfdf /flvg] 5}g . t/ pkwf/f -@_ / -#_ df n]lvPsf s’/fx¿ lgjf/s gh/aGb / zq’ /fHosf] gful/ssf] xsdf nfu” x’g] 5}g . -$_ tTsfn k|rlnt sfg”gn] ;hfo gx’g] s’g} sfd u/] jfkt s’g} J olQm
;hfosf] efuL x’g] 5}g / s’g} klg JolQmnfO{ s;”/ ubf{sf] cj:yf df k|rlnt sfg”gdf
tf] lsPeGbf a9L ;hfo lbOg] 5}g . -%_ s’g} cleof]u nufO{Psf] JolQmnfO{ lghn] u/]sf] s;”/ k|d fl0ft
geP;Dd s;”/bf/ dflgg] 5}g .

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www.lawcommission.gov.np 9
-^_ s’g} klg JolQm lj?4 cbfntdf Ps} s;”/df Ps k6seGbf a9L d’2f
rnfOg] / ;hfo lbOg] 5}g . -&_ s’g} s;”/sf] cleof]u nfu]sf] JolQmnfO{ cfˆgf] lj?4 ;fIf L x’g s/
nufOg] 5}g . -*_ k|To]s JolQmnfO{ lgh lj?4 ul/Psf] sf/afxLsf] hfgsf/ L kfpg] xs
x’g]5 . -(_ s’g} klg JolQmnfO{ ;Ifd cbfnt jf Goflos lgsfoaf6 :jR5
;’g’jfOsf] xs x’g]5 .
-!)_ c;dy{ kIfnfO{ sfg”gdf Joj:yf eP adf]lhd lgMz’Ns s fg”gL ;]jf
kfpg] xs x’g]5 .
@%=
@%=@%=
@%=

lgjf/s gh/aGb lj?4sf] xs
lgjf/s gh/aGb lj?4sf] xslgjf/s gh/aGb lj?4sf] xs
lgjf/s gh/aGb lj?4sf] xs M
MM
M

-!_ g]kfn /fHosf] ;fj{ef}d;Qf / cv08tf jf ;fj{hlgs
zflGt / Joj:yfdf tTsfn vnn kg]{ kof{Kt cfwf/ geO{ s;}nfO { klg lgjf/s gh/aGbdf
/flvg] 5}g . -@_ lgjf/s gh/aGb /fVg] clwsf/Ln] sfg”g ljk/Lt jf abl gotk”j{s s;}nfO{
gh/aGb /fv]df gh/aGb /x]sf] JolQmn] sfg”gåf/f tf]lsP adf ]lhd Ifltk”lt{ kfpg]5 .
@^=
@^=@^=
@^=

oftgf lj?4sf] xs
oftgf lj?4sf] xsoftgf lj?4sf] xs
oftgf lj?4sf] xs
M
MM
M

-!_ cg’;Gwfg, txlssft jf k’k{Ifsf] l;nl;nfdf jf c? s’g}
lsl;dn] y’gfdf /x]sf] s’g} klg JolQmnfO{ zf/Ll/s jf dfgl;s oftgf lbOg] jf lgh;Fu lgd{d,
cdfgjLo jf ckdfghgs Jojxf/ ul/g] 5}g . -@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhdsf] sfo{ sfg”gåf/f b08gLo x’g]5 / To:tf] Jojxf/
ul/Psf] JolQmnfO{ sfg”gn] lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhdsf] Ifltk”lt{ lbOg]5 .
@&=
@&=@&=
@&=

;”rgfsf] xs
;”rgfsf] xs;”rgfsf] xs
;”rgfsf] xs
M
MM
M k|To]s gful/snfO{ cfˆgf] jf ;fj{hlgs ;/f]sf/sf] s’g} klg
ljifosf] ;”rgf
dfUg] jf kfpg] xs x’g]5 .
t/ sfg”gåf/f uf]Ko /fVg’ kg]{ ;”rgfsf] hfgsf/L lbg s;}nfO { s/ nufPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
@*=
@*=@*=
@*=

uf]kgLotfsf] xs
uf]kgLotfsf] xsuf]kgLotfsf] xs
uf]kgLotfsf] xs
M
MM
M s’g} klg JolQmsf] hLp, cfjf;, ;Dklt, lnvt, tYofÍ, kq
frf/, rl/q
;DaGwL s’/fx¿sf] uf]kgLotf sfg”gåf/f tf]lsPsf] cj:yfdf af x]s cgltqmDo x’g]5 .
@(=
@(=@(=
@(=

zf]if0f lj?4sf] xs
zf]if0f lj?4sf] xszf]if0f lj?4sf] xs
zf]if0f lj?4sf] xs
M
MM
M

-!_ k|To]s JolQmnfO{ zf]if0f lj?4sf] xs x’g]5 .
-@_ k|yf, k/Dk/f / k|rngsf] gfddf jf s’g} klg lsl;dn] s;}n fO{ zf]if0f ug{
kfOg] 5}g . -#_ dflg;nfO{ a]r–lavg ug{, bf; jf afFwf agfpg kfOg] 5}g .
-$_ s;}nfO{ klg lghsf] OR5f lj?4 sfddf nufpg kfOg] 5}g .

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www.lawcommission.gov.np 10
t/ o; pkwf/fdf plNnlvt Joj:yfn] ;fj{hlgs k|of]hgsf] nfl u gful/snfO{
clgjfo{ ;]jfdf nufpg ;lsg] sfg”g agfpg /f]s nufPsf] dflg g] 5}g .

#)=
#)=#)=
#)=

>d ;DaGwL xs
>d ;DaGwL xs>d ;DaGwL xs
>d ;DaGwL xs
M
MM
M

-!_ k|To]s sfdbf/ / sd{rf/LnfO{ plrt >d cEof;sf] xs x’g
]5 .
-@_ sfg”gdf Joj:yf eP adf]lhd k|To]s sfdbf/ / sd{rf/L nfO{ cf–cfˆgf lxt
/Iffsf] lgldQ 6«]8 o’lgog vf]Ng], ;Ël7t x’g] / ;fd”lxs ;f}bfa fhL ug{] xs x’g]5 .
#!=
#!=#!=
#!=

b]z lgsfnf lj?4sf] xs
b]z lgsfnf lj?4sf] xsb]z lgsfnf lj?4sf] xs
b]z lgsfnf lj?4sf] xs
M
MM
M s’g} klg gful/snfO{ b]z lgsfnf ul/g] 5}g .
#@=
#@=#@=
#@=

;+j}wflgs pk
;+j}wflgs pk;+j}wflgs pk
;+j}wflgs pkrf/sf] xs
rf/sf] xsrf/sf] xs
rf/sf] xs
M
MM
M o; efuåf/f k|bQ xssf] k|rngsf nflu wf/f !)& df n]lvPsf
] tl/sf cg’;f/ sf/afxL rnfpg kfpg] xs ;’/lIft ul/Psf]5 .
efu $
efu $ efu $
efu $

/fHosf] bfloTj, lgb]{zs l;4fGt tyf gLltx¿
/fHosf] bfloTj, lgb]{zs l;4fGt tyf gLltx¿ /fHosf] bfloTj, lgb]{zs l;4fGt tyf gLltx¿
/fHosf] bfloTj, lgb]{zs l;4fGt tyf gLltx¿

##=
##=##=
##=

/fHosf] bfloTj M
/fHosf] bfloTj M/fHosf] bfloTj M
/fHosf] bfloTj M /fHosf] bfloTj b]xfo adf]lhd x’g]5M–
-s_ g]kfnL hgtfdf cGt/lglxt ;fj{ef}d;Qfsf] Jofjxfl/s k|T ofe”lt ug]{ ljifonfO{
cfTd;ft ub}{ ;+jt
*@)^$ ;fn ====== §leq :jtGq / lgikIf ¿kdf ;+ljwfg ;efsf
;b:osf] lgjf{rg ;DkGg ug{ /fHon] ;Dk”0f{ Wofg s]Gb|Lt ug]{,
-v_ b]zdf cu|ufdL /fhg}lts–cfly{s / ;fdflhs kl/jt{g ;’lgl Zrt ug]{,
-u_ ljZjJofkL ¿kdf :jLs[t cfwf/e”t dfgj clwsf/, ax’bnL o k|lt:kwf{Tds nf]stflGqs
k|0ffnL, hgtfdf lglxt ;fj{ef}d;Qf / hgtfsf] ;jf]{Rrtf, ;+j }wflgs ;Gt’ng /
lgoGq0f, sfg”gsf] zf;g, ;fdflhs Gofo / ;dfgtf, :jtGq Gofokflnsf, cfjlws
lgjf{rg, gful/s ;dfhsf] cg’udg, k”0f{ k|]; :jtGqtf, hgtfs f] ;”rgfsf] clwsf/,
/fhg}lts bnx¿sf lqmofsnfkx¿df kf/blz{tf / hjfkmb]lxtf, hg;xeflutf, lgikIf,
;Ifd tyf :jR5 k|zf;gtGqsf cjwf/0ffx¿sf] k”0f{ kl/kfngf ug]{ /fhg}lts k|0ffnL
cjnDag u/L e|i6frf/ / b08xLgtfsf] cGTo ub}{ ;’zf;g sfo d ug]{,
-3_ juL{o, hftLo, eflifs, n}lËs, ;f+:s[lts, wfld{s / If]q Lo e]befjsf] cGTo ub}{ dlxnf,
blnt, cflbjf;L hghflt, dw]zL, pTkLl8t, pk]lIft / cNk ;ªVos ;d’bfo, lk5l8Psf
If]q nufotsf ;d:ofx¿nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{ /fHosf] jt{dfg s]Gb|Ls [t / PsfTds
9fFrfsf] cGTo u/L /fHosf] ;dfj]zL, nf]stflGqs / cu|ufdL k’g;{+/rgf ug]{,
* bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . § t];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f lemlsPsf]

www.lawcommission.gov.np
www.lawcommission.gov.np 11
·-3!_ d’n’ssf] /fHo ;+/rgfsf ;a} cËx?df dw]zL, blnt, cflb jf;L hghflt, dlxnf,
dhb”/, ls;fg, ckfË, lk5l8Psf ju{ / If]q ;a}nfO{ ;dfg’kfl ts ;dfj]zLsf] cfwf/df
;xefuL u/fpg],
-ª_ ;fdGtjfbsf ;a} ¿kx¿sf] cGTo ug]{ cfly{s ;fdflhs ¿kfG t/0fsf] Go”gtd ;femf
sfo{s|d to u/L nfu” ub}{ hfg],
-r_ ;fdGtL e”–:jfldTjsf] cGTo ub}{ j}1flgs e”ld;’wf/ sfo {s|d nfu” ug]{ gLlt cjnDag
ug]{,
-5_ /fli6«o pBf]uwGbf / ;fwg;|f]tsf] ;+/If0f / k|jw{g ug]{ g Llt cg’;/0f ug]{,
-h_ lzIff, :jf:Yo, cfjf;, /f]huf/L / vfB ;Dk|e’tfdf ; a} gful/ssf] clwsf/ :yflkt ug]{
gLlt lng],
-em_ ;’s’Daf;L, sd}of, xlnof, x/jf r/jf nufotsf cfly{s ;fdflhs ¿kn] k5fl8 k/]sf
ju{nfO{ hUuf nufot cfly{s ;fdflhs ;’/Iffsf] Joj:yf ug]{ gL lt lng],
-`_ ;/sf/L nfesf] kbdf /x]/ e|i6frf/ u/L u}/ sfg”gL ;Dkl Q cfh{g ug]{x¿ pk/ s8f
sf/afxL u/L bl08t ug]{ gLlt lng],
-6_ b]zsf] cfly{s–;fdflhs ¿kfGt/0f Pj+ Gofosf ;fy} b]znfO { l56f] ;d’Ggt / cfly{s
¿kn] ;d[4zfnL agfpg Ps ;femf ljsf; cjwf/0ff lgdf{0f u g]{,
-7_ >ldssf k]zfut clwsf/sf] ;’lglZrttf ub}{ pBf]uwGbf, Jo fkf/, lgof{t k|jw{g cflbsf
nflu nufgL j[l4 u/L /f]huf/L Pj+ cfo cfh{gsf cj;/x¿sf] J ofks j[l4 ug]{ gLlt
cg’;/0f ug]{,
-8_ /fHo kIf ePsf] cGt/f{li6«o ;lGw ;Demf}tfsf] k|efjs f/L sfof{Gjog ug]{,
-9_ ;a} lje]bsf/L sfg”gsf] cGTo ug]{,
-0f_ d’n’sdf ljBdfg hn;|f]t nufot k|fs[lts ;|f]t ;fwgsf] / fi6« lxtdf k|of]u ug]{,
-t_ ;z:q åGåsf] qmddf dfl/Psfx¿sf] kl/jf/nfO{ tyf o; q mddf 3fOt] eO{ ckfË /
czQm ePsfx¿nfO{ plrt /fxt, ;Ddfg tyf k’g:yf{kgfsf] Joj :yf ug]{,
-y_ ;z:q åGbsf] qmddf j]kQf kfl/Psf JolQmx¿sf] ;DaGwdf ul7t 5fglag cfof]usf] k|ltj]bgsf cfwf/df To:tf JolQmx¿sf kLl8t kl/jf/x¿nfO{ /fxt pknAw u/fpg],
-b_ ;z:q åGåsf] qmddf lj:yflktx¿sf] k’g:yf{kgf ug{, gi6 ePsf lghL tyf ;fj{hlgs
;DklQx¿sf] xsdf /fxt k|bfg ug{ tyf Wj:t ;+/rgfx¿sf] k’glg {df0f ug{ ljz]if
sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug]{,
· klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

www.lawcommission.gov.np
www.lawcommission.gov.np 12
r-b!_ P]ltxfl;s hgcfGbf]ngdf g]t[TjbfoL e”ldsf lgjf{x u/L ;Djt @)^# ;fn sflt{sd
@@ ut] ;xdlt sfod ug]{ k|d’v /fhg}lts bnx? tyf ;+ljwfg ;e fdf k|ltlglwTj ug]{
cGo /fhg}lts bnx? ;d]t; “u ;xdlt, ;dembf/L / ;xsfo{ u/L d’n’ssf k|d’v
/fhgLlts ;d:ofx?sf] ;dfwfg ug]{ ;+:s[lt ljsf; ug]{,
-w_ ;z:q åGåsf] qmddf dfgj clwsf/sf] uDeL/ pNnª3g u g]{ tyf dfgjtf lj?4sf] ck/fwdf ;ªnUg JolQmx¿sf] af/]df ;To cGj]if0f ug{ tyf ; dfhdf d]nldnfksf] jftfj/0f lgdf{0f ug{ pRr:t/Lo ;To lg¿k0f tyf d]nldnfk cfof]u u7g ug]{ .
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/fHosf lgb]{zs l;4fGtx¿
/fHosf lgb]{zs l;4fGtx¿/fHosf lgb]{zs l;4fGtx¿
/fHosf lgb]{zs l;4fGtx¿
M
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-!_ hgtfsf] hLp, wg, ;dfgtf / :jtGqtfsf] ;+/If0f u/L

;fdflhs, cfly{s Pj+ /fhg}lts If]q nufot /fli6«o hLjgsf ; a} If]qdf Gofok”0f{ Joj:yf
sfod u/L v’nf ;dfhdf cfwfl/t nf]ssNof0fsf/L Joj:yfsf ] clej[l4 ug{‘ /fHosf] k|d’v
p2]Zo x’g]5 . -@_ ;dfhdf zflGt / Joj:yf sfod u/L dfgj clwsf/sf] ; +/If0f / ;+j4{g
ub}{ ;fj{hlgs lxtsf] k|jw{g ug{] / :jfoQ zf;gsf] dfWodåf/f h gtfnfO{ zf;gdf
clwsflws dfqfdf ;lDdlnt x’g] cj;/ h’6fO{ nf]stGqsf nfex ¿sf] pkef]u ug{ ;Sg] Joj:yf sfod ug{‘ /fHosf] p2]Zo x’g]5 . -#_ g]kfnL hgtfsf] ;+3if{sf] k|ltkmn:j¿k k|fKt nf]stGqnfO{ ;+:yfut ub}{
;f]sf nfex¿sf] pkef]u ug{ kfpg] cj:yfsf] l;h{gf ub}{ ;d’Ggt / ;d[4 g]kfn lgdf{0f ug]{
/fHosf] /fhg}lts p2]Zo x’g]5 . -$_ b]zdf pknAw cfly{s ;|f]t / ;fwgnfO{ ;Lldt JolQmx¿d f s]Gb|Lt x’g
glbO{ ;fdflhs Gofosf] cfwf/df cfly{s pknlAwsf] Gofof]lrt ljt/0fsf] Joj:yf ldnfO{ s’g}
klg hflt, lnË, ju{, pTklQ jf JolQm pk/ cfly{s zf]if0f x’g gkfpg] Joj:yf u/L cfly{s
c;dfgtf x6fpFb} :jb]zL lghL Pj+ ;fj{hlgs pBdnfO{ k|fylds tf / k|>o lbO{ /fli6«o
cy{tGqnfO{ :jtGq, cfTdlge{/ Pj+ pGgltzLn u/fpg’ /fHosf] d “ne”t cfly{s p2]Zo x’g]5 .
-%_ ;a} lsl;dsf] cfly{s Pj+ ;fdflhs c;dfgtf x6fO{ ljleG g hft, hflt,
wd{, efiff, j0f{, ;d’bfo / ;Dk|bfosf aLr ;fdGh:o :yfkg f u/L Gofo / g}ltstfdf
cfwfl/t :j:y ;fdflhs hLjgsf] :yfkgf / ljsf; ug{‘ /fHos f] ;fdflhs p2]Zo x’g]5 .
-^_ b]zsf] ;fj{ef}d;Qf, cv08tf / :jtGqtfnfO{ sfod /fvL cGt/f{li6«o
hutdf /fli6«o ;Ddfgsf] clej[l4 ug]{ lbzfdf /fHosf] cGt/f{l i6«o ;DaGw lgb]{lzt x’g]5 .
r kfFrf} ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

www.lawcommission.gov.np
www.lawcommission.gov.np 13
#%=
#%=#%=
#%=

/fHos
/fHos/fHos
/fHosf gLltx¿
f gLltx¿f gLltx¿
f gLltx¿

M
MM
M-!_ b]zsf] ;Gt’lnt ljsf;sf nflu cfly{s nufgLsf] Gofof]l
rt ljt/0f
u/L ;a} If]qsf hgtfsf] lzIff, :jf:Yo, oftfoft, cfjf; / /f]huf/L h:tf cfwf/e”t
s’/fx¿sf] ljsf; u/L hg;fwf/0fsf] hLjg:t/ j[l4 ug]{ gLlt /fHon] cjnDag ug]{5 .
-@_ ;/sf/L, ;xsfl/tf / lghL If]qsf] dfWodaf6 d’n’sdf cy{tGqsf] ljsf;
ug]{ gLlt /fHon] cjnDag ug]{5 . -#_ ljleGg wd{, ;+:s[lt, hflt, ;d’bfo, ;Dk|bfo, pTklQ / efiff efifLx¿sf
aLr ;dfgtf Pj+ ;xcl:tTjsf cfwf/df :j:y / ;’dw’/ ;fdflh s ;DaGw ljsl;t u/L
;a}sf] efiff, ;flxTo, lnlk, snf / ;+:s[ltsf] ;dfg ljsf;å f/f b]zsf] ;f+:s[lts ljljwtf
sfod /fvL /fli6«o PstfnfO{ ;’b[9 ug]{ gLlt /fHon] cjnDag u g{]5 .
-$_ /fli6«o lxt cg’s”n pkof]uL Pj+ nfebfos ¿kdf b]zsf] k |fs[lts ;|f]t tyf
;Dkbfsf] kl/rfng ubf{ :yfgLo ;d’bfonfO{ k|fyldstf lbOg] gLlt /fHon] cjnDag ug]{5 .
-%_ /fHon] jftfj/0f :jR5 /fVg cfjZos Joj:yf ug]{5 . h g;fwf/0fdf
jftfj/0fLo :jR5tfsf] r]tgf a9fO{ ef}lts ljsf; ;DaGwL lq mofsnfkx¿åf/f jftfj/0fdf
k|lts”n c;/ kg{ glbg Pj+ jftfj/0f tyf b’n{e jGohGt’sf] ljz ]if ;+/If0fdf /fHon] k|fyldstf lbg]5 . jg / jg:klt tyf h}ljs ljljwtfsf] ;+/If 0f, bLuf] pkof]u / To;af6
k|fKt nfedf ;dGoflos afF8kmfF8sf] Joj:yf ug]{5 . -^_ /fHon] ls;fgnfO{ k|f]T;fxg u/L s[lif If]qdf pTkfbsTj a9fO{ s[lifdf
cfwfl/t clwsf+z hgtfsf] cfly{s pGglt x’g] cj:yfx¿sf] l;h {gf u/L s[lifnfO{ pBf]usf] ¿kdf ljsf; ug]{5 .
-&_ b]zsf] d’Vo ;fdflhs cfly{s zlQmsf] ¿kdf /x]sf] >dzlQm nfO{ /f]huf/
pknAw u/fO{ sfd kfpg] clwsf/ ;’lglZrt u/L pgLx¿sf] xs / lxtsf] ;+/If0f ub}{
pBdsf] Joj:yfkgdf ;xeflutf a9fpg] gLlt /fHon] cjnDag ug]{5 .
-*_ dlxnf ju{sf] lzIff, :jf:Yo / /f]huf/Lsf] ljz]if Jo j:yf u/L /fli6«o
ljsf;df clwsflws ;xefuL agfpg] gLlt /fHon] cjnDag ug]{5 .
-(_ /fHon] Psn dlxnf, cgfy, afnaflnsf, c;xfo, j[4, c kfË, czQm /
nf]kf]Gd’v hfltsf] ;+/If0f / pGgltsf nflu ;fdflhs ;’/Iffs f] ljz]if Joj:yf ug]{ gLlt
cjnDag ug]{5 . -!)_ lzIff, :jf:Yo, cfjf;, vfB;Dk|e’tf / /f]huf/Ldf l glZrt ;dosf nflu
cf/If0fsf] Joj:yf u/L cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs ¿kn] lk5l8Psf cflbjf;L hghflt, dw]zL,
blnt nufot ;LdfGts[t ;d’bfo tyf ul/aLsf] /]vfd’gLsf dhb’/ ls;fgsf] pTyfg ug]{
gLlt /fHon] cjnDag ug]{5 .

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www.lawcommission.gov.np 14
-!!_ b]zsf] pGgltsf nflu lj1fg tyf k|ljlwsf] ljsf;nfO{ k|fyldstf lbg] gLlt /fHon] cjnDag ug{‘sf ;fy} :yfgLo k|ljlwsf] ljsf; ug{] gLlt cjnDag ug{]5 .
-!@_ /fli6«o ljsf;sf] nflu :jb]zL nufgLnfO{ k|fyldstf lbO{ b]zdf j}b]lzs
k”FhL / k|ljlwnfO{ cfslif{t ug]{ gLlt /fHon] cjnDag ug]{5 . -!#_ ax’;+Vos u|fdL0f hgtfsf] lxtnfO{ Wofgdf /fvL u|fdL0 f ljsf;sf] ultnfO{
tLj|t/ agfpFb} n}hfg] gLlt /fHon] cjnDag ug]{5 . -!$_ /fHon] dlxnf, blnt, cflbjf;L hghflt, dw]zL, d’l :nd nufot
cNk;+Vos, e”ldxLg, ;’s’Daf;L, sd}of, ckfË, lk5l8Psf If]q tyf ;d’bfo / åGå kLl8tsf
nflu ;sf/fTds lje]bsf cfwf/df ljz]if Joj:yf ug]{ gLlt c jnDag ug]{5 .
-!%_ d’Qm sd}ofsf] ;+Vof olsg u/L pgLx¿sf] a;f]jf;sf] nf lu cfwf/e”t e”ld
/ /f]huf/Lsf] Joj:yf ug]{ gLlt /fHon] cjnDag ug]{5 . -!^_ ls;fg, dhb’/ nufot >ddf cfl>t ju{sf] ljsf;sf] nfl u k|fljlws
lzIff, tfnLd, k|lzIf0fsf] cfjZos k”jf{wf/sf] Joj:yf u/L pgLx¿nfO{ /fHosf] ljsf;
k|lqmofdf ;xefuL u/fpg] gLlt /fHon] cjnDag ug]{5 . -!&_ j[4, czQm dlxnf tyf a]/f]huf/nfO{ sfg”gdf Joj:yf u/L eQf lbg] gLlt
cjnDag ug]{5 . -!*_ d’n’sdf ljBdfg k/Dk/fut 1fg, ;Lk / cEof;sf] klxr fg / ;+/If0f ub{}
To;nfO{ cfw’lgsLs/0f ug{] gLlt /fHon] cjnDag ug{]5 . -!(_ d’n’sdf :yfkgf ePsf ;fj{hlgs tyf u}/;/sf/L ;+3 ;+:y fsf] ;~rfng /
Joj:yfkgdf lgodg ug{ /fHon] ljz]if gLlt cjnDag ug]{5 . -@)_ b]zsf] ljsf;df o’jf hgzlQmnfO{ kl/rfng ug{ /fHon] lj z]if gLlt
cjnDag ug]{5 . -@!_ /fHon] ;+o’Qm /fi6«;+3sf] a8fkq, c;+nUgtf, k~rzLns f] l;4fGt,
cGt/f{li6«o sfg”g / ljZjzflGtsf] dfGotfsf] cfwf/df g]kfn sf] k//fi6« gLlt lng]5 .
-@@_ l5d]sL ldq /fi6«x¿ / ;+;f/sf c? ;a} d’n’sx¿l;t cfly {s, ;fdflhs
Pj+ cGo If]qdf ;dfgtfsf] cfwf/df ;xof]ufTds ;’;DaGw sfod u/L g]kfndf zflGtnfO{
cGt/f{li6«o dfGotfsf] cfwf/df ;+:yfut ub{} hfg] gLlt /fHon ] cjnDag ug]{5 .
#^=
#^=#^=
#^=

cbfntdf k|Zg
cbfntdf k|Zgcbfntdf k|Zg
cbfntdf k|Zg p7fpg g;lsg]M
p7fpg g;lsg]M p7fpg g;lsg]M
p7fpg g;lsg]M

-!_ o; efudf n]lvPsf ljifox¿ sfof{Gjog eP jf
gePsf] ;DaGwdf s’g} cbfntdf k|Zg p7fpg ;lsg] 5}g . -@_ /fHon] o; efudf plNnlvt l;4fGt tyf gLltsf] sfof{Gj og ug{ cfjZostf cg’;f/
;|f]t / ;fwg kl/rfng ug]{ jf u/fpg]5 .

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www.lawcommission.gov.np 15
efu $s=
efu $s= efu $s=
efu $s=

/fi6«klt tyf pk/fi6«
/fi6«klt tyf pk/fi6« /fi6«klt tyf pk/fi6«
/fi6«klt tyf pk/fi6«klt
kltklt
klt

#^s=
#^s= #^s=
#^s= /fi6«klt
/fi6«klt/fi6«klt
/fi6«klt M -!_ g]kfndf Pshgf /fi6«klt /xg]5 .
-@_ /fi6«klt d’n’ssf] /fi6«WoIf x’g]5 / ;f]xL x}l;otdf o ; ;+ljwfg / k|rlnt
sfg”g adf]lhd lghn] cfÎgf] gf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug]{5 .
-#_ ;+ljwfgsf] ;+/If0f / kfngf ug'{ /fi6«kltsf] k|d’v st {Jo x’g]5 .
s
ss
s#^v=
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#^v=

/fi6«kltsf] lgjf{rg
/fi6«kltsf] lgjf{rg/fi6«kltsf] lgjf{rg
/fi6«kltsf] lgjf{rg M
M M
M

-!_ /fhg}lts ;xdltsf cfwf/df /fi6«kltsf] lgjf{rg ;+ljwf
g ;efn] ug]{5 . -@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd ;xdlt sfod x’g g;s]df ;+ljwfg ;e fdf tTsfn
sfod /x]sf ;Dk”0f{ ;b:o ;+Vofsf] ax’dt k|fKt ug]{ JolQm /fi 6«kltsf] kbdf lgjf{lrt ePsf] dflgg]5 . -#_ /fi6«kltsf] lgjf{rg ;DaGwL cGo sfo{ljlw ;+ljwfg ;efn ] lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhd x’g]5 . -$_ lgjf{rg, dgf]gog jf lgo’lQmåf/f k”lt{ x’g] s’g} klg /fhg }lts kbdf axfn
/x]sf] s’g} JolQm /fi6«kltsf] kbdf lgjf{lrt ePdf lghsf] To: tf] kb :jtM l/Qm x’g]5 .
#^u=
#^u= #^u=
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/fi6«kltsf] kbfjlw
/fi6«kltsf] kbfjlw/fi6«kltsf] kbfjlw
/fi6«kltsf] kbfjlw
M /fi6«kltsf] kbfjlw ;+ljwfg ;efaf6 hf/L x’g] ;+ljwfg k|
f/De
geP;Ddsf nflu x’g]5 .
#^3=
#^3= #^3=
#^3=

/fi6«kltsf] of]Uotf
/fi6«kltsf] of]Uotf/fi6«kltsf] of]Uotf
/fi6«kltsf] of]Uotf
M /fi6«klt x’gsf] nflu s’g} klg JolQmn] b]xfosf] of]Uotf k”/
f u/]sf] x’g’
kg]{5 M–
-s_ ;+ljwfg ;efsf] ;b:o x’g of]Uo ePsf],
-v_ sDtLdf k}+tL; jif{ pd]/ k”/f ePsf] .
#^ª=
#^ª= #^ª=
#^ª=

/fi6«klt kbd’Qm x’g] cj:yf
/fi6«klt kbd’Qm x’g] cj:yf/fi6«klt kbd’Qm x’g] cj:yf
/fi6«klt kbd’Qm x’g] cj:yf
M b]xfosf] cj:yfdf /fi6«klt cfÎgf] kbaf6 d’Qm x’g]5 M–
-s_ lghn] pk/fi6«klt ;dIf /flhgfdf lbPdf,
-v_ lghn] ;+ljwfgsf] uDeL/ pNn+3g u/]sf] cf/f]kdf ;+ljwfg ; efsf tTsfn sfod /x]sf] ;Dk”0f{ ;b:ox?sf] sDtLdf b’O{ ltxfO{ ax’dtaf6 lghsf] lj?4 d xfleof]usf] k|:tfj
kfl/t ePdf, jf
-u_ lghsf] d[To’ ePdf .
 rf}+yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk s kfFrf} ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

www.lawcommission.gov.np
www.lawcommission.gov.np 16
®
®®
®#^r=
#^r= #^r=
#^r=

/fi6«kltsf] zky
/fi6«kltsf] zky/fi6«kltsf] zky
/fi6«kltsf] zky M -!_ /fi6«kltn] cfkmgf] sfo{ef/ ;DxfNg’ cl3 cg’;”rL – !
s= adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf ;/sf/L sfdsfhsf] g]kfnL efiffdf k|wfg GofofwLz ;dIf kb tyf uf]kgLotfsf] zky lng’ kg]{5 .
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ df h’g;’s} s’/f n]lvPsf] ePtf klg /fi6«kltn ] g]kfndf af]lng] cfˆgf] dft[efiffdf zky lng rfx]df ;f]xL pkwf/f adf]lhdsf ] zkysf] 9fFrfsf] Joxf]/f cfˆgf] dft[efiffdf cg’jfb u/L To:sf] Psk|lt zky u|x0fsf] nflu tf ]lsPsf] ldlt eGbf rf}jL;
306f cufj} /fi6«kltsf] sfof{no ;dIf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 . -#_ o; wf/f adf]lhd /fi6«kltn] zky lnPkl5 cfk”mn] lnPsf] zkysf] k|ltdf
x:tfIf/ u/L /fi6«kltsf] sfof{no ;dIf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 . t/ g]kfndf af]lng] cfˆgf] dft[efiffdf zky lnPsf]df ;/sf/L sfdsfhsf] g]kfnL
efiff / cfk”mn] zky lnPsf] cGo g]kfnL dft[efiffsf] zkysf] k|ltdf ;d]t x:tfIf/ u/L
/fi6«kltsf] sfof{no ;dIf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 . -$_ o; wf/f adf]lhd lnPsf] zkysf] clen]v /fi6«kltsf] sf of{non] /fVg]5 .
#^5=
#^5= #^5=
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pk/fi6«klt
pk/fi6«kltpk/fi6«klt
pk/fi6«klt
M -!_ g]kfndf Pshgf pk/fi6«klt /xg]5 .
-@_ wf/f #^ª= adf]lhd /fi6«klt kbd’Qm eO{ csf]{ /fi6«klt l gjf{lrt geP;Dd jf
/fi6«kltsf] cg’kl:yltdf /fi6«kltaf6 ul/g] sfo{x? pk/fi6«k ltaf6 ;Dkfbg ul/g]5 .
r-#_ lgjf{rg, dgf]gog jf lgo’lQmåf/f k”lt{ x’g] s’g} klg /fhg }lts kbdf axfn /x]sf] s’g}
JolQm pk/fi6«kltsf] kbdf lgjf{lrt ePdf lghsf] To:tf] kb :jtM l/Qm x’g]5 .
#^h=
#^h= #^h=
#^h= pk/fi6«klt kbd’Qm x’g] cj:yf
pk/fi6«klt kbd’Qm x’g] cj:yfpk/fi6«klt kbd’Qm x’g] cj:yf
pk/fi6«klt kbd’Qm x’g] cj:yf
M b]xfosf] cj:yfdf pk/fi6«klt cfÎgf] kbaf6 d’Qm x’g]5 M–

-s_ lghn] /fi6«klt ;dIf /flhgfdf lbPdf,
-v_ lghn] ;+ljwfgsf] uDeL/ pNn+3g u/]sf] cf/f]kdf ;+ljwfg ; efsf tTsfn sfod /x]sf
;Dk”0f{ ;b:ox?sf] sDtLdf b’O{ ltxfO{ ax’dtaf6 lghsf] lj?4 d xfleof]usf] k|:tfj
kfl/t ePdf, jf
-u_ lghsf] d[To’ ePdf .
#^em=
#^em= #^em=
#^em= pk/fi6«klt ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf
pk/fi6«klt ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yfpk/fi6«klt ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf
pk/fi6«klt ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf
M -!_ pk/fi6«kltsf] sof]Uotf, lgjf{rg k|lqmof tyf
kbfjlw
;DaGwL Joj:yf /fi6«kltsf] ;/x x’g]5 .
®
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®-@_ pk/fi6«kltn] cfˆgf] sfo{ef/ ;DxfNg’ cl3 cg’;”rL –!s
= adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf
;/sf/L sfdsfhsf] g]kfnL efiffdf /fi6«klt ;dIf kb tyf u f]kgLotfsf] zky lng’ kg]{5 .
® ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wg4f/f ;+zf]lwt . r kfFrf} ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . s kfFrf} ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

www.lawcommission.gov.np
www.lawcommission.gov.np 17
-#_ pkwf/f -@_ df h’g;’s} s’/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg pk/fi6«kl tn] g]kfndf
af]lng] cfˆgf] dft[efiffdf zky lng rfx]df ;f]xL pkwf/f ad f]lhdsf] zkysf] 9fFrfsf] Joxf]/f cfˆgf] dft[efiffdf cg’jfb u/L To:sf] Psk|lt zky u |x0fsf] nflu tf]lsPsf] ldlt
eGbf rf}jL; 306f cufj} /fi6«kltsf] sfof{no ;dIf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-$_ o; wf/f adf]lhd pk/fi6«kltn] zky lnPkl5 cfk”mn] lnP sf] zkysf] k|ltdf
x:tfIf/ u/L /fi6«kltsf] sfof{no ;dIf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 . t/ g]kfndf af]lng] cfˆgf] dft[efiffdf zky lnPsf]df ;/sf/L sfdsfhsf] g]kfnL
efiff / cfk”mn] zky lnPsf] cGo g]kfnL dft[efiffsf] zky sf] k|ltdf ;d]t x:tfIf/ u/L
/fi6«kltsf] sfof{no ;dIf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-%_ o; wf/f adf]lhd lnPsf] zkysf] clen]v /fi6«kltsf] sf of{non] /fVg]5 .
#^`=
#^`= #^`=
#^`= /fi6
/fi6/fi6
/fi6«klt / pk/fi6«kltsf
«klt / pk/fi6«kltsf«klt / pk/fi6«kltsf
«klt / pk/fi6«kltsf] kfl/>lds tyf ;’ljwf
] kfl/>lds tyf ;’ljwf] kfl/>lds tyf ;’ljwf
] kfl/>lds tyf ;’ljwf
M /fi6«klt / pk/fi6«kltsf] kfl/>lds tyf
cGo ;’ljwf Pgåf/f lgwf{/0f eP adf]lhd x’g]5 / To:tf] P]g g ag];Dd g]kfn ;/sf/n] lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhd x’g]5 .
s#^6=
#^6= #^6=
#^6=/fi6«klt / pk/fi6«kltsf] sfof{no
/fi6«klt / pk/fi6«kltsf] sfof{no/fi6«klt / pk/fi6«kltsf] sfof{no
/fi6«klt / pk/fi6«kltsf] sfof{no M
M M
M

-!_ /fi6«klt / pk/fi6«kltsf] sfo{nfO{ ;xof]u
k’¥ofpgsf] nflu 5’§f5’§} sfof{no /xg]5 .
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhdsf] sfof{nosf] sfd sf/afxL ;~r fng ug{ cfjZos sd{rf/L tyf
Joj:yfkg ;DaGwL cGo s’/fx? g]knf ;/sf/n] Joj:yf ug]{5 .
efu %
efu % efu %
efu %

sfo{kflnsf
sfo{kflnsf sfo{kflnsf
sfo{kflnsf

#&=
#&=#&=
#&=

sfo{sfl/0fL clwsf/
sfo{sfl/0fL clwsf/sfo{sfl/0fL clwsf/
sfo{sfl/0fL clwsf/

M
MM
M

-!_ g]kfnsf] sfo{sfl/0fL clwsf/ of] ;+ljwfg / cGo sfg”g
adf]lhd
dlGqkl/ifbdf lglxt x’g]5 . -@_ of] ;+ljwfg / cGo sfg”gsf] cwLgdf /xL g]kfnsf] zf ;g Joj:yfsf] ;fdfGo lgb]{zg, lgoGq0f / ;~rfng ug]{ cleef/f dlGqkl/if b pk/ x’g]5 .
-#_ g]kfnsf] sfo{sfl/0fL sfdx¿ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] gfddf x ‘g]5 .
-$_ pkwf/f -#_ adf]lhd g]kfn ;/sf/sf] gfddf x’g] lg0 f{o jf cfb]z /
tT;DaGwL clwsf/kqsf] k|df0fLs/0f sfg”gåf/f Joj:yf eP a df]lhd x’g]5 .
#*=
#*=#*=
#*=

dlGqkl/ifb
dlGqkl/ifbdlGqkl/ifb
dlGqkl/ifb
\
sf] u7g
sf] u7g
sf] u7g
sf] u7g
M
MM
M

-!_ /fhg}lts ;xdltsf cfwf/df k|wfgdGqL / lghsf] cWoI
ftfdf
dlGqkl/ifbsf] u7g x’g]5 .
® ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wg4f/f ;+zf]lwt . ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wg4f/f yk .

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www.lawcommission.gov.np 18
$M=============
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd ;xdlt sfod x’g g;s]df Joj:y flksf–;+;bsf] stTsfn sfod /x]sf] ;Dk”0f{ ;b:o ;+Vofsf ] ax’dtsf] cfwf/df k|wfgdGqL lgjf{lrt x’g]5 .
-#_ cGtl/d dlGqkl/ifbsf] ;+/rgf / sfo{ ljefhg cfk;L ; xdltaf6 to
ul/g]5 . -$_ dlGqkl/ifbdf cfjZostf cg’;f/ pk–k|wfgdGqL / cGo dGqLx¿ /xg] 5g . :ki6Ls/0fM
:ki6Ls/0fM :ki6Ls/0fM
:ki6Ls/0fM
o; wf/fsf] k|of]hgsf nflu ædGqLÆ eGgfn] dGqfnosf] 5’§} s
fo{ef/
;DxfNg] /fHo dGqL ;d]tnfO{ hgfpg]5 .
-%_ k|wfgdGqLn] dGqL lgo’lQm ubf{ ;DalGwt bnsf] l;kmfl/ ;df Joj:yflksf–
;+;bsf] ;b:ox¿ dWo]af6 lgo’lQm ug'{ kg{]5 . -^_ k|wfgdGqL / cGo dGqLx¿ Joj:yflksf–;+;bk|lt ;fd”lx s ¿kdf pQ/bfoL
x’g]5g / dGqLx¿ cfˆgf dGqfnosf] sfdsf nflu JolQmut ¿ kdf k|wfgdGqL / Joj:yflksf–
;+;bk|lt pQ/bfoL x’g]5g . -&_ b]xfosf cj:yfdf k|wfgdGqL cfˆgf] kbaf6 d’Qm x’g]5M–
-s_
4lghn] /fi6«klt ;dIf lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf,
Y-s!_ wf/f %%s= adf]lhd lghsf] lj?4 cljZjf;sf] k|:tfj kf l/t ePdf,
-v_ lgh Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] ;b:o g/x]df, jf
-u_ lghsf] d[To’ ePdf .
-*_ pk–k|wfgdGqL, dGqL, /fHo dGqL tyf ;xfos dGq L b]xfosf cj:yfdf
cfˆgf] kbaf6 d’Qm x’g]5g M– -s_ lghn] k|wfgdGqL ;dIf lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf,
-v_ pkwf/f -&_ adf]lhd k|wfgdGqL cfˆgf] kbaf6 d’Qm ePd f,
-u_ ;DalGwt bnsf] l;kmfl/;df jf ;DalGwt bn;Fusf] ;Nnfx df k|wfgdGqLn] lghnfO{ kbd’Qm u/]df, jf
-3_ lghsf] d[To’ ePdf . -(_ pkwf/f -&_ adf]lhd k|wfgdGqL cfˆgf] kbaf6 d’Qm ePk lg csf]{ dlGqkl/ifb u7g
geP;Dd ;f]xL dlGqkl/ifbn] sfo{ ;~rfng u/L /xg]5 .
$ kfFrf} ;+zf]wgåf/f lemlsPsf] . 4 rf}+yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . Y bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

www.lawcommission.gov.np
www.lawcommission.gov.np 19
-!)_ k|wfgdGqLsf] d[To’ ePdf gofF k|wfgdGqLsf] rog geP;Dd sf] nflu pk–
k|wfgdGqL jf jl/i7td dGqLn] k|wfgdGqLsf] ¿kdf sfo{ ;~r fng ug]{5 .
#(=
#(=#(=
#(=

/fHo dGqL / ;xfos dGqL
/fHo dGqL / ;xfos dGqL/fHo dGqL / ;xfos dGqL
/fHo dGqL / ;xfos dGqL

M
MM
M

-!_ k|wfgdGqLn] Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] ;b:ox¿ dWo]af6
;DalGwt /fhg}lts bnsf] l;kmfl/;df /fHo dGqL lgo’Qm ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ k|wfgdGqLn] s’g} dGqLnfO{ lghsf] sfo{ef/ ;~rfngdf ;x fotf ug{
Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] ;b:ox¿ dWo]af6 ;DalGwt /fhg}lts bns f] l;kmfl/;df ;xfos dGqL
lgo’Qm ug{ ;Sg]5 .
$)=
$)=$)=
$)=

Joj:yflksf
Joj:yflksfJoj:yflksf
Joj:yflksf–
––
–;+;bsf] ;b:o
;+;bsf] ;b:o;+;bsf] ;b:o
;+;bsf] ;b:o gePsf] JolQm dGqL kbdf lgo’Qm x’g ;Sg] gePsf] JolQm dGqL kbdf lgo’Qm x’g ;Sg] gePsf] JolQm dGqL kbdf lgo’Qm x’g ;Sg] gePsf] JolQm dGqL kbdf lgo’Qm x’g ;Sg] M
MM
M wf/f #* / #( df
h’g;’s} s’/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg k|wfgdGqLn] Y/fhg}lts ;xdltsf] cfwf/df Joj:yflksf–
;+;bsf] ;b:o gePsf] s’g} JolQmnfO{ pk–k|wfgdGqL, dGqL, /fH o dGqL jf ;xfos dGqL
kbdf lgo’Qm ug{ ;Sg]5 .
$!=
$!=$!=
$!=

kfl/>lds
kfl/>lds kfl/>lds
kfl/>lds tyf cGo ;’ljwfx¿
tyf cGo ;’ljwfx¿tyf cGo ;’ljwfx¿
tyf cGo ;’ljwfx¿
M
MM
M k|wfgdGqL, pk–k|wfgdGqL, dGqL, /fHo dGqL / ;xfos
dGqLx¿sf] kfl/>lds / cGo ;’ljwfx¿ P]gåf/f lgwf{/0f x’g]5 . ;f] adf]lhd P]gåf/f lgwf{/0f
geP;Dd g]kfn ;/sf/n] tf]s] adf]lhd x’g]5 .
$@=
$@=$@=
$@=

zky
zkyzky
zky
M
MM
M k|wfgdGqLn] 4/fi6«klt ;dIf / pk–k|wfgdGqL, dGqL, /fHo dGqL tyf ;xfos dGqLn] k|wfgdGqL ;dIf cfˆgf] kb / uf]kgLotfsf] zky u|x0f ug'{ kg]{5 .
$#=
$#=$#=
$#=

g]kfn ;/sf/sf] sfo{ ;~rfng
g]kfn ;/sf/sf] sfo{ ;~rfngg]kfn ;/sf/sf] sfo{ ;~rfng
g]kfn ;/sf/sf] sfo{ ;~rfng
M
MM
M

-!_ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ;~rfng ;+o’Qm hgcfGbf]ngsf] efjgf,
/fhg}lts ;xdlt / ;xsfo{sf] ;+:s[lt cg’¿k ul/g]5 . g]kfn ;/ sf/sf] ;~rfngsf] gLltut cfwf/ cfk;L ;xdltaf6 tof/ ul/Psf] Go”gtd ;fem f sfo{qmd x’g]5 .
-@_ g]kfn ;/sf/af6 :jLs[t lgodfjnL adf]lhd g]kfn ;/sf/s f] sfo{
ljefhg / sfo{ ;Dkfbg x’g]5 . -#_ pkwf/f -@_ cGtu{tsf] lgodfjnLsf] kfngf eof] jf ePg eGg] k|Zg s’g}
cbfntdf p7fpg ;lsg] 5}g .
$$=
$$=$$=
$$=

;+ljwfg ;efsf] u7g ePkl5sf] dlGqkl/ifb
;+ljwfg ;efsf] u7g ePkl5sf] dlGqkl/ifb;+ljwfg ;efsf] u7g ePkl5sf] dlGqkl/ifb
;+ljwfg ;efsf] u7g ePkl5sf] dlGqkl/ifb
\

M
MM
M ;+ljwfg ;efsf] u7g ePkl5 sfo{sfl/0fL
clwsf/sf] k|of]u, dlGqkl/ifbsf] u7g / tT;DaGwL cGo s’/ f cfjZos x]/km]/ ;lxt o;}
efudf n]lvPsf] Joj:yf adf]lhd x’g]5 .
efu ^
Joj:yflksf–;+;b

6
66
6$%=
$%=$%=
$%=

===================
======================================
===================

4 rf}+yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . 6 kfFrf} ;+zf]wgåf/f lemlsPsf] .

www.lawcommission.gov.np
www.lawcommission.gov.np 20
6
66
6$^=
$^=$^=
$^=

======
============
====================
============================
==============

6
66
6$&=
$&=$&=
$&=

====================
========================================
====================

6
66
6$*=
$*= $*=
$*=

===================
======================================
===================

6
66
6$(=
$(=$(=
$(=

====================
========================================
====================

6
66
6%)=
%)=%)=
%)=

====================
========================================
====================

%!=
%!=%!=
%!=

clwj]zgsf] cfJxfg / cGt
clwj]zgsf] cfJxfg / cGtclwj]zgsf] cfJxfg / cGt
clwj]zgsf] cfJxfg / cGt
M
MM
M

-!_ s/fi6«kltn] k|wfgdGqLsf] l;kmfl/;df ;do ;dodf
Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] clwj]zg cfJxfg ug]{5 .
-@_
s/fi6«kltn] k|wfgdGqLsf] l;kmfl/;df Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] clwj]zgsf] cGt ug]{5 .

Y-#_ Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] clwj]zg jf a}7s rfn” g/x]sf] jf :ylut /x]sf] cj:yfdf clwj]zg jf a}7s af]nfpg jf~5gLo 5 egL Joj:y flksf–;+;bdf tTsfn
sfod /x]sf ;Dk”0f{ ;b:o ;+Vofsf] sDtLdf Ps rf}yfO{ ;b:ox? n] ;dfj]bg u/]df
;dfj]bg u/]sf] ldltn] kGw| lbg leq a}7s a:g] u/L
#/fi6klt
/fi6klt /fi6klt
/fi6kltn] n]n] n] ldlt / ;do tf]sL
To:tf] clwj]zg jf a}7s af]nfpg]5 / To;/L tf]lsPsf] ldl t / ;dodf Joj:yflksf–
;+;bsf] clwj]zg jf a}7s k|f/De x’g] jf a:g]5 .
:ki6Ls/0f :ki6Ls/0f:ki6Ls/0f
:ki6Ls/0f
M
M M
M o; pkwf/fsf] k|of]hgsf nflu æ;dfj]bgÆ eGgfn] lgj]bg k]z
ug]{ JolQmsf] x:tfIf/ ePsf] lnvt ;Demg’ k5{ .
%@=
%@=%@=
%@=

4
44
4/fi6«klt
/fi6«klt /fi6«klt
/fi6«kltaf6 ;Daf]wg
af6 ;Daf]wgaf6 ;Daf]wg
af6 ;Daf]wg M
M M
M4/fi6«klt n] Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] clwj]zgdf ;/sf/sf] jflif{s gLlt
sfo{qmd k|:t’t u/L ;Daf]wg ug{]5 .
%#=
%#=%#=
%#=

u0fk”/s ;+Vof
u0fk”/s ;+Vofu0fk”/s ;+Vof
u0fk”/s ;+Vof
M
MM
M o; ;+ljwfgdf cGoyf n]lvPsf]df afx]s Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] s’g} klg
a}7sdf ;Dk”0f{ ;b:o ;+Vofsf] Ps rf}yfO{ ;b:o pkl:yt geP;D d s’g} k|Zg jf k|:tfj
lg0f{ofy{ k|:t’t ul/g] 5}g .
%$=
%$=%$=
%$=

;b:osf] :yfg l/Qm /x]sf] cj:yfdf a}7ssf] sfo{ ;~rfng
;b:osf] :yfg l/Qm /x]sf] cj:yfdf a}7ssf] sfo{ ;~rfng ;b:osf] :yfg l/Qm /x]sf] cj:yfdf a}7ssf] sfo{ ;~rfng
;b:osf] :yfg l/Qm /x]sf] cj:yfdf a}7ssf] sfo{ ;~rfng
M
MM
M

-!_ Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] s’g}
;b:osf] :yfg l/Qm 5 eg] klg Joj:yflksf–;+;bn] cfˆgf] sfo { ;~rfng ug{ ;Sg]5 /
Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] s’g} sf/afxLdf efu lng gkfpg] s’g} Jol Qmn] efu lnPsf] s’/f kl5
kQf nfUof] eg] klg eO{;s]sf] s’g} sfo{ cdfGo x’g] 5}g . -@_ Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] ;b:o g/x]sf] dGqL, /fHo dGqL j f ;xfos dGqLn] Joj:yflksf–;+;b jf To;sf] s’g} ;ldltsf] a}7sdf pkl:yt x ‘g ;Sg]5 .
s kfFrf} ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . Y bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . # 5}7f} ;+zf]wg2f/f ;+zf]lwt 4 rf}+yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

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www.lawcommission.gov.np 21
t/ lghnfO{ dtbfg ug]{ clwsf/ x’g] 5}g .
%%=
%%=%%=
%%=

dtbfg
dtbfgdtbfg
dtbfg
M
MM
M o; ;+ljwfgdf cGoyf n]lvPsf]df afx]s Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf
] s’g} klg a}7sdf
lg0f{osf] nflu k|:t’t ul/Psf] h’g;’s} k|Zgsf] lg0f{o pkl:yt e O{ dtbfg ug]{ ;b:ox¿sf] ax’dtaf6 x’g]5 . cWoIftf ug]{ JolQmnfO{ ;fdfGotM dt lbg] c lwsf/ x’g] 5}g .
t/ dt a/fa/ ePdf lghn] cfˆgf] lg0ff{os dt lbg]5 .
Y
YY
Y%%s=
%%s= %%s=
%%s=ljZjf;sf] dt
ljZjf;sf] dtljZjf;sf] dt
ljZjf;sf] dt M
M M
M

–
—
-!_

k|wfgdGqLn] s’g} klg avt cfk”mdfly Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] lj
Zjf; 5
eGg] s’/f :ki6 ug{ cfjZos jf pko’Qm 7fg]df ljZjf;sf] dtsf ] nflu Joj:yflksf–;+;b
;dIf k|:tfj /fVg ;Sg]5
.
..
.

-@_ Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf ;Dk”0f{ ;b:o ;+Vofsf] sDtLdf Ps r f}yfO{ ;b:on] k|wfgdGqL pk/ Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] ljZjf; 5}g egL lnlvt ?kdf cljZjf;sf] k|:tfj k]z
ug{ ;Sg]5g . t/ Pp6} k|wfgdGqL pk/ 5 dlxgfdf Psk6seGbf a9L cljZjf ;sf] k|:tfj k]z
ug{ ;lsg] 5}g . -#_ pkwf/f -!_ jf -@_ adf]lhdsf] k|:tfjsf] lg0f{o Joj:y flksf–;+;bdf
tTsfn sfod /x]sf ;b:o ;+Vofsf] $=========== ax’dtaf6 x’g]5 .
%^=
%^=%^=
%^=

ljz]ifflwsf/M
ljz]ifflwsf/Mljz]ifflwsf/M
ljz]ifflwsf/M

-!_ Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] a}7sdf k”0f{ jfs :jtGqtf /xg]5 /
;f] a}7sdf JoQm
u/]sf] s’g} s’/f jf lbPsf] s’g} dtnfO{ lnP/ s’g} klg ;b:onfO{ kqmfp ug{, y’gfdf /fVg jf
lgh pk/ s’g} cbfntdf s’g} sf/afxL rnfpg ;lsg] 5}g . -@_ Joj:yflksf–;+;bnfO{ cfˆgf] cfGtl/s sfd sf/afxL l goldt ug{] k”0f{
clwsf/ /xg]5 / s’g} sf/afxL lgoldt jf clgoldt 5 jf 5}g egL lg0f{o ug{] clwsf/
Joj:yflksf–;+;bnfO{ dfq x’g]5 . o; ;DaGwdf s’g} cbfntdf k|Zg p7fpg ;lsg] 5}g .
-#_ Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] s’g} klg sfd sf/afxLnfO{ To;sf] c;n lgotaf/] z+sf p7fO{ s’g} l6sf l6Kk0fL ul/g] 5}g / s’g} ;b:on] af]n]sf] s’g} s’/fsf] ;DaGwdf hfgL–
hfgL unt jf e|fds cy{ nufO{ s’g} k|sf/sf] k|sfzg tyf k|;f/ 0f ul/g] 5}g .
-$_ Joj:yflksf–;+;bn] lbPsf] clwsf/ cGtu{t s’g} lnvt, k|ltj]bg, dtbfg
jf sf/afxL k|sflzt u/]sf] ljifonfO{ lnP/ s’g} JolQm pk/ c bfntdf sf/afxL rnfpg
;lsg] 5}g . :ki6Ls/0f:ki6Ls/0f:ki6Ls/0f
:ki6Ls/0f
M
M M
M pkwf/f -!_, -@_, -#_ / -$_ sf] k|of]hgsf nflu æJoj:y
flksf–
;+;bÆ eGgfn] Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] / To;sf] s’g} ;ldlt ;d]tnfO { hgfpg]5 .
$ kfFrf} ;+zf]wgåf/f lemlsPsf] .

www.lawcommission.gov.np
www.lawcommission.gov.np 22
-%_ Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] s’g} klg ;b:onfO{ Joj:yflksf–;+; bsf] clwj]zg
cjlwe/ kqmfp ul/g] 5}g . t/ s’g} kmf}hbf/L cleof]udf s’g} ;b:onfO{ sfg”g cg’;f/ kqmfp ug{ o;
pkwf/fn] jfwf k’¥ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g . To;/L s’g} ;b:o kqmfp ul/Pdf kqmfp ug{] clwsf/Ln] To;sf] ;”rgf Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] cWoIftf ug{] Jo lQmnfO{ t’?Gt lbg’ kg{]5 .
-^_ o; wf/fdf pNn]v ePsf s’g} s’/f pNnª3g ePdf Joj:yf lksf–;+;bsf] ljz]ifflwsf/ xgg x’g] / Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] ljz]ifflwsf/s f] xggnfO{ Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] cjx]ngf dflgg]5 . s’g} ljz]ifflwsf/sf] xgg ePsf] 5 jf 5}g eGg] lg0f{o ug{] clwsf/
Joj:yflksf–;+;bnfO{ dfq x’g]5 . -&_ s;}n] Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] cjx]ngf u/]df ;f] ;DaGwL a}7s sf] cWoIftf
ug{] JolQmn] a}7ssf] lg0f{oaf6 ;f] JolQmnfO{ ;r]t u/fpg, gl; xt lbg jf tLg dlxgfdf
ga9g] u/L s}b ug{ jf b; xhf/ ¿k}ofF;Dd hl/jfgf ug{ ;Sg]5 . To:tf] hl/jfgf lghn] r’Qmf gu/]df ;/sf/L afFsL ;/x c;’n pk/ ul/g]5 . t/ Joj:yflksf–;+;bnfO{ ;Gtf]if x’g] u/L lghn] Ifdf ofrg f u/]df
Joj:yflksf–;+;bn] Ifdf k|bfg ug{ jf tf]ls;s]sf] ;hfonfO{ d fkmL ug{ jf 36fpg ;Sg]5 .
-*_ o; ;+ljwfgdf pNn]v ul/Pb]lv afx]s ljz]ifflwsf/ ;DaG wL cGo s’/fx¿
sfg”gåf/f lgwf{/0f ul/P adf]lhd x’g]5g .
%&=
%&=%&=
%&=

sfo{ ;~rfng ljlw
sfo{ ;~rfng ljlwsfo{ ;~rfng ljlw
sfo{ ;~rfng ljlw
M
MM
M o; ;+ljwfgsf] cwLgdf /xL Joj:yflksf–;+;bn] cfˆgf] sf
o{ ;~rfng
/fhg}lts ;xdltsf] cfwf/df ug]{5 / Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] a}7s sf] ;’Joj:yf sfod /fVg /
;ldltx¿sf] u7g, sfd sf/afxL / cGo s’/f lgoldt ug{sf] n flu lgodfjnL agfpg]5 .
To:tf] lgodfjnL gag];Ddsf] nflu Joj:yflksf–;+;bn] cfˆgf ] sfo{ljlw cfkm}+ lgoldt
ug{]5 .
s
ss
s%&s=
%&s= %&s=
%&s= ljkIfLo bn
ljkIfLo bnljkIfLo bn
ljkIfLo bn M -!_ Joj:yflksf–;+;bdf ljkIfL bn / To;sf] g]tf /xg]5
.
-@_ ljkIfLo bnsf] g]tfsf] kfl/>lds tyf cGo ;’ljwf sfg “gåf/f lgwf{/0f eP
adf]lhd x’g]5 .
%*=
%*=%*=
%*=

;ldltM
;ldltM;ldltM
;ldltM
Joj:yflksf–;+;bdf o;sf] lgodfjnLdf Joj:yf eP adf]lhd
cfjZos ;+Vofdf
;ldlt / pk–;ldltx¿ /xg] 5g .
s kfFrf} ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

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www.lawcommission.gov.np 23
%(=
%(=%(=
%(=

;+ljwfg ;efn] Joj:yflksf
;+ljwfg ;efn] Joj:yflksf;+ljwfg ;efn] Joj:yflksf
;+ljwfg ;efn] Joj:yflksf–
––
–;+;bsf] clwsf/ k|of]u ug{] ;+;bsf] clwsf/ k|of]u ug{];+;bsf] clwsf/ k|of]u ug{] ;+;bsf] clwsf/ k|of]u ug{] M
MM
M o; ;+ljwfg adf]lhd #
Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] sfo{sfn ;dfKt ePkl5 o; ;+ljwfg adf]l hdsf] Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] clwsf/ ;+ljwfg ;efn] k|of]u ug{]5 .
^)=
^)=^)=
^)=

ax;df aGb]hM
ax;df aGb]hMax;df aGb]hM
ax;df aGb]hM

-!_ g]kfnsf] s’g} cbfntdf ljrf/fwLg /x]sf] s’g} d’2f ;DaGwdf
tyf
GofofwLzn] sQ{Jo kfngsf] l;nl;nfdf u/]sf] Goflos sfo{sf] ; DaGwdf ;bgdf 5nkmn ug{
kfOg] 5}g . t/ dxfleof]usf] k|:tfjdf 5nkmn ubf{ GofofwLzsf] cfrf / ;DaGwdf s’g} s’/f
JoQm ug{ o; wf/fn] jfwf k’¥ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ df ul/Psf] of] Joj:yf ;+ljwfg ;efdf ; d]t nfu” x’g]5 .
^!=
^!=^!=
^!=

Joj:yflksf
Joj:yflksfJoj:yflksf
Joj:yflksf–
––
–;+;b ;lrjfno
;+;b ;lrjfno;+;b ;lrjfno
;+;b ;lrjfno

M
MM
M

-!_ Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] sfd sf/afxL ;~rfng tyf
Joj:yfkg ug{sf nflu Ps ;lrjfno /xg]5 . To:tf] ;lrjfno sf] :yfkgf / ;f] ;DaGwL
cGo s’/f sfg”gåf/f lgwf{/0f eP adf]lhd x’g]5 . -@_ Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] sfd sf/afxL ;~rfng tyf Joj: yfkg ug{ cfjZos
x’g] sd{rf/L g]kfn ;/sf/n] pknAw u/fpg]5 .
±
±±
±^!s=
^!s= ^!s=
^!s=

Joj:yflksf
Joj:yflksfJoj:yflksf
Joj:yflksf–
––
–;+;b
;+;b;+;b
;+;bsf] dxf;lrj / ;lrj
sf] dxf;lrj / ;lrjsf] dxf;lrj / ;lrj
sf] dxf;lrj / ;lrj M
M M
M

-!_ Joj:yflksf–;+;bdf Pshgf dxf;lrj /
Pshgf ;lrj /xg]5g . -@_ dxf;lrj / ;lrjsf] lgo’lQm Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] ;efd ‘vsf] l;kmfl/;df
4/fi6«kltn] ug]{5 .
-#_ Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] dxf;lrj / ;lrjsf] of]Uotf, sfd , st{Jo, clwsf/
tyf ;]jfsf cGo zt{x¿ sfg’gåf/f lgwf{/0f ePadf]lhd x’g]5 .
^@=
^@=^@=
^@=

kfl/>ldsM
kfl/>ldsMkfl/>ldsM
kfl/>ldsM
Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] ;efd’v, pk–;efd’v, ;b:o tyf ;ldlt
sf ;efkltx¿sf] kfl/>lds / ;’ljwf sfg”gåf/f Joj:yf eP adf]lhd x’g]5 / To ;/L lgwf{/0f geP;Dd g]kfn
;/sf/n] lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhd x’g]5 .
efu &
efu & efu &
efu &

;+ljw
;+ljw;+ljw
;+ljwfg ;ef
fg ;effg ;ef
fg ;ef

^#=
^#=^#=
^#=

;+ljwfg ;efsf] u7g
;+ljwfg ;efsf] u7g;+ljwfg ;efsf] u7g
;+ljwfg ;efsf] u7g M
MM
M

-!_ g]kfnL hgtf cfkm}+n] gofF ;+ljwfgsf] lgdf{0f ug{ o; ;+lj
wfgsf] cwLgdf /xL Ps ;+ljwfg ;efsf] u7g x’g]5 .
# 5}6f} ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . ± t];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . 4 rf}+yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

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-@_ of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De eP kl5 ;+ljwfg ;efsf] ;b:osf] lgjf {rg g]kfn
;/sf/n] tf]s]sf] ldltdf x’g]5 .
-#_ ;+ljwfg ;efdf ;dfg hg;+Vof / ef}uf]lns cg’s”ntf tyf l jlzi6tfsf
cfwf/df / dw]zdf hg;+Vof k|ltztsf] cfwf/df sfg”gdf Joj: yf eP adf]lhd ldl>t
lgjf{rg k|0ffnL cg’?k b]xfo adf]lhd lgjf{lrt / dgf]gog x’g] b]xfosf ;+Vofsf ;b:ox?
/xg]5g M– -s_ k|zf;sLo lhNnfnfO{ lgjf{rg lhNnf sfod u/L ;+ljwfg ;efsf] lgjf{rg
x’g’eGbf cl3sf] /fli6«o hgu0fgfaf6 lglZrt ePsf] hg;V+of sf] cfwf/df
To:tf lhNnf / ;b:o ;+VofaLrsf] cg’kft oyf;Dej ;dfg x’g] u/L wf/f
!%$s= adf]lhd Joj:yf ePsf] lgjf{rg If]q lgwf{/0f cfof]u af6
ªlgwf{/0f
ePadf]lhd b’O{;o rfnL; lgjf{rg If]q sfod u/L k|To]s lgjf{rg If]qaf6
Pshgfsf b/n] klxnf] x’g] lgjf{lrt x’g] lgjf{rg k|0ffnLcg’;f/ lgjf{lrt
;b:o,
-v_ ;Dk”0f{ d’n’snfO{ Ps lgjf{rg If]q dfgL /fhg}lts bnnfO{ d t lbg] ;dfg’kflts
lgjf{rg k|0ffnL cg’;f/
ªlgjf{lrt x’g] tLg ;o k}QL; ;b:o ,
-u_ /fli6«o hLjgdf dxTjk”0f{ of]ubfg k’¥ofPsf
ªljlzi6 JolQmx¿ / v08 -s_ / –
v_ adf]lhdsf] lgjf{rgaf6 k|ltlglwTj x’g g;s]sf cflbaf;L h ghfltdWo]af6
;xdltsf cfwf/df dlGqkl/ifbaf6 dgf]gog x’g] ª5AaL; hgf ;b:o .
·-#s_ pkwf/f -#_ sf] v08 -s_ df h’g;’s} s’/f n]lvPsf] eP t fklg ;f] v08
adf]lhd lgjf{rg If]q lgwf{/0f ubf{ ;+jt @)%^ ;fndf tTsfn s fod /x]sf] k|ltlglw;ef
;b:osf] lgjf{rg x’Fbfsf avt k|rlnt sfg”g adf]lhd sfod /x]s f k|zf;sLo lhNnfx?sf
lgjf{rg If]qsf] ;+VofnfO{ oyfjt /fvL lxdfnL / kxf8L If]qd f hg;+Vof j[l4sf] cfwf/df
lgjf{rg If]q j[l4 ul/g]5 / To;/L lgjf{rg If]q lgwf{/0f ub f{ dw]zsf] hg;+Vofsf] k|ltztsf] cfwf/df lgjf{rg If]qsf] ;+Vof sd ePsf dw]zsf k|zf;sLo l hNnfsf] lgjf{rg If]q j[l4
ul/g]5 . -$_ pkwf/f -#_ sf] v08 -s_ adf]lhd /fhg}lts bnx¿n] pDd]b jf/ rog ubf{
;dfj]zL l;4fGtnfO{ Wofg lbg’ kg]{5 / v08 -v_ adf]lhd /fh g}lts bnx¿n]

 klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . ª t];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . · klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

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pDd]bjf/x¿sf] ;”lrs[t ubf{ dlxnf, blnt, pTkLl8t hflt÷cfl bjf;L hghflt, lk5l8Psf] If]q, dw]zL nufot cGo ju{ ;d]tsf] sfg”gdf Joj:yf eP adf]l hd ;dfg’kflts k|ltlglwTj
u/fpg’ kg]{5 . -%_ pkwf/f -$_ df h’g;’s} s’/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg dlxnfsf ] xsdf pkwf/f -#_
sf] v08 -v_ adf]lhd ;dfg’kflts k|ltlglwTjdf x’g] ;ªVofdf ;f] pkwf/fsf] v08 -s_ cg’;f/
lbOg] pDd]bjf/Lsf] ;+Vof hf]8]/ s’n ;+Vofdf Go”gtd Ps ltxfO{ pDd]bjf/L lbg’ kg]{5 .
-^_ ;+ljwfg ;efsf ;b:ox¿sf] lgjf{rg sfg”gdf Joj:yf eP adf]lhd uf]Ko
dtbfgåf/f x’g]5 .
-&_ ;+ljwfg ;efsf] lgjf{rgsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu ;+jt @)^# ; fn dªl;/
d;fGt;Dd c7f/ jif{ pd]/ k”/f ePsf] k|To]s g]kfnL gful/snf O{ sfg”gdf Joj:yf eP
adf]lhd dtbfg ug{] clwsf/ x’g]5 .
r-&s_ pkwf/f -#_ adf]lhd lgjf{lrt jf dgf]lgt ;b:osf] :yf g s’g} sf/0fn] l/Qm
ePdf To:tf] :yfg h’g k|lqmofåf/f lgjf{lrt jf dgf]gLt ePs f] xf] ;f]xL k|lqmofåf/f k|rlnt
sfg”g adf]lhd k”lt{ ul/g]5 .
C-&v_ pkwf/f -&_ df h’g;’s} s’/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg pkwf/f -#_ sf] v08 -s_
adf]lhd lgjf{lrt ;b:osf] :yfg s’g} sf/0fn] l/Qm eO{ pkwf/ f -&s_ adf]lhd lgjf{rgåf/f k”lt{
ug'{kbf{ To;/L lgjf{rg ul/g] ;fneGbf tTsfn cl3Nnf] ;fnsf ] r}q d;fGt;Dd c7f/ jif{ pd]/
k”/f ePsf] k|To]s g]kfnL gful/snfO{ sfg”gdf Joj:yf eP a df]lhd dtbfg ug]{ clwsf/ x’g]5 .
-*_ o; wf/fdf n]lvPsf] s’/fx¿sf] cwLgdf /xL ;+ljwfg ;efs f] lgjf{rg / ;f] ;DaGwL cGo s’/f sfg”gdf Joj:yf eP adf]lhd x’g]5 .
^$=
^$=^$=
^$=

;+ljwfg ;efsf] sfo{sfn
;+ljwfg ;efsf] sfo{sfn;+ljwfg ;efsf] sfo{sfn
;+ljwfg ;efsf] sfo{sfn
M
MM
M ;+ljwfg ;efn] k|:tfj kfl/t u/L cufj} lj36g u/]sf]df afx
]s
;+ljwfg ;efsf] sfo{sfn ;+ljwfg ;efsf] klxnf] a}7s a;]sf] l dltn] tLg jif{ tLg dlxgfsf ] x’g]5 .
t/ d’n’sdf ;+s6sfnLg l:yltsf] 3f]if0ff ePsf] sf/0fn] ;+lj wfg lgdf{0f ug{] sfd k”/f
x’g g;s]df ;+ljwfg ;efn] k|:tfj kfl/t u/L ;+ljwfg ;efsf] s fo{sfn yk 5 dlxgf;Dd
a9fpg ;Sg]5 .
^%=
^%=^%=
^%=

;b:osf] of]Uot
;b:osf] of]Uot;b:osf] of]Uot
;b:osf] of]Uotf
ff
f
M
MM
M ;+ljwfg ;efsf] ;b:o x’gsf nflu s’g} klg JolQmn] b]xfosf
of]Uotf k”/f
u/]sf] x’g’ kg{]5M
r kfFrf} ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . C 5}6f+} ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . gjf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

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www.lawcommission.gov.np 26
-s_ g]kfnL gful/s,
-v_ sDtLdf kRrL; jif{ pd]/ k”/f u/]sf],
-u_ g}lts ktg b]lvg] kmf}hbf/L s;”/df ;hfo gkfPsf],
Y-u!_ s’g} sfg”gn] cof]Uo gePsf],
-3_ s’g} nfesf] kb wf/0f gu/]sf] .
:ki6Ls/0fM
v08 -3_ sf] k|of]hgsf nflu ænfesf] kbÆ eGgfn] lgjf{rg j f dgf]gogåf/f k”lt{
ul/g] /fhg}lts kb afx]s s’g} ;/sf/L sf]ifaf6 kfl/>lds jf cGo s’g} cfly{s ;’ljwf kfpg] cGo s’g} kbnfO{ hgfpg]5 .
^^=
^^=^^=
^^=

;b:osf] cof]Uotf ;DaGwL k|Zgsf] ;b:osf] cof]Uotf ;DaGwL k|Zgsf];b:osf] cof]Uotf ;DaGwL k|Zgsf] ;b:osf] cof]Uotf ;DaGwL k|Zgsf] lg0f{oM
lg0f{oM lg0f{oM
lg0f{oM
;+ljwfg ;efsf s’g} ;b:o wf/f ^% adf]lhd
cof]Uo 5 jf x’g uPsf] 5 eGg] k|Zg p7]df To;sf] clGtd lg0f {o ;+ljwfg ;ef cbfntn] ug]{5 .
^&=
^&=^&=
^&=

;b:osf] :yfgsf] l/Qmtf
;b:osf] :yfgsf] l/Qmtf;b:osf] :yfgsf] l/Qmtf
;b:osf] :yfgsf] l/Qmtf

M
MM
M ;+ljwfg ;efsf ;b:osf] :yfg b]xfosf] cj:yfdf l/Qm ePs
f] dflgg]5M -s_ lghn] lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf,
-v_ wf/f ^% adf]lhd lghsf] of]Uotf gePdf jf g/x]df,
-u_ ;efnfO{ ;”rgf glbO{ nuftf/ b;j6f a}7sdf cg’kl:yt /x]d f,
-3_ h’g /fhg}lts bnsf] ;b:o eO{ lgjf{lrt ePsf] xf] ;f]xL bnn] sfg”gdf Joj:yf eP adf]lhd lghn] bn Tofu u/]sf] jf bnsf] ;b:otf sfod g/x]sf] s’/f ;”lrt u/]df,
-ª_ lghsf] d[To’ ePdf .
:ki6Ls/0f :ki6Ls/0f:ki6Ls/0f
:ki6Ls/0f
M
MM
M v08 -3_ sf] Joj:yf ;+ljwfg ;efsf cWoIf jf pkfWoIfsf
] xsdf nfu” x’g] 5}g .
^*=
^*=^*=
^*=

;b:osf] zky
;b:osf] zky;b:osf] zky
;b:osf] zky
M
MM
M ;+ljwfg ;efsf k|To]s ;b:on] ;+ljwfg ;ef jf o;sf] s’g} ;l
dltdf klxnf] k6s efu lng’ cl3 sfg”gdf Joj:yf eP adf]lhd zky lng’ kg{] 5 .
^(=
^(=^(=
^(=

;+ljwfg ;efsf] a}7s
;+ljwfg ;efsf] a}7s;+ljwfg ;efsf] a}7s
;+ljwfg ;efsf] a}7s

M
MM
M

-!_ ;+ljwfg ;efsf ;b:ox¿sf] clGtd lgjf{rg kl/0ffd lg
jf{rg
cfof]un] ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] PSsfO; lbgleq k|wfgdGqLn] cfJxf g u/] adf]lhd ;+ljwfg ;efsf] klxnf] a}7s a:g]5 / To;kl5sf a}7s ;+ljwfg ;efsf] cWoIftf ug{] JolQmn] tf]s]sf] ldlt /
:yfgdf a:g]5 .
Y bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

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www.lawcommission.gov.np 27
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ df h’g;’s} s’/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ;+ljwfg ; efsf sDtLdf
Ps rf}yfO{ ;b:on] ;+ljwfg ;efsf] a}7s af]nfpg cfjZos 5 egL sf/0f ;lxt ;+ljwfg
;efsf cWoIf ;dIf lgj]bg u/]df cWoIfn] kGw| lbgleq ;+ljwf g ;efsf] a}7s af]nfpg’
kg{]5 .
&)=
&)=&)=
&)=

;+ljwfgsf] ljw]os kfl/t ug{] ljlw
;+ljwfgsf] ljw]os kfl/t ug{] ljlw;+ljwfgsf] ljw]os kfl/t ug{] ljlw
;+ljwfgsf] ljw]os kfl/t ug{] ljlw

M
MM
M

-!_ ;+ljwfg ;efn] ;+ljwfgsf] ljw]os kfl/t ubf{
;+ljwfg ;efdf k]z ePsf] To:tf] ljw]ossf] k|:tfjgf tyf k |To]s wf/fdf dtbfg u/L kfl/t
ug{]5 . -@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd dtbfg ubf{ ;+ljwfg ;efdf tTsfn sfod /x]sf
;Dk”0f{ ;b:osf] sDtLdf b’O{ ltxfO{ ;b:o pkl:yt ePsf] a}7ssf ] ;j{;Ddltaf6 kfl/t ug'{
kg{]5 . -#_ pkwf/f -@_ adf]lhd ;+ljwfgsf] ljw]ossf] k|:tfjgf jf To;sf] s’g} wf/fsf
;DaGwdf ;j{;Ddt sfod x’g g;s]df ;f] ljifodf ;j{;Ddlt sf od ug{ ;+ljwfg ;efdf
k|ltlglwTj ug{] /fhg}lts bnsf ;+;bLo bnsf g]tfn] cfk;df k/fdz{ ug{]5g .
-$_ pkwf/f -#_ adf]lhd k/fdz{ ug{] sfd ;j{;Ddlt sfod x’g g;s]sf] ldltn] a9Ldf kGw|lbg;Dd k”/f ul/;Sg’ kg{]5 . -%_ pkwf/f -$_ adf]lhd k/fdz{ ePsf]df To:tf] k/fdz{ ug {] sfd k”/f ePsf] ;ft lbgleq To:tf] ljw]ossf] k|:tfjgf jf s’g} wf/f pk/ k ‘gM dtbfg x’g]5 .
-^_ pkwf/f -%_ adf]lhd dtbfg x’Fbf klg pkwf/f -@_ adf]l hdsf] ;j{;Ddt
sfod x’g g;s]df k|:tfjgf jf h’g wf/fsf ;DaGwdf ;j{;Ddt sfod x’g g;s]sf] xf] ;f] k|:tfjgf jf wf/fdf k’gM dtbfg x’g]5 / To:tf] dtbfgdf ;+l jwfg ;efsf tTsfn sfod
/x]sf ;Dk”0f{ ;b:osf] sDtLdf b’O{ ltxfO{ ;b:o pkl:yt ePsf] a}7ssf] sDtLdf b’O{ ltxfO{
ax’dtaf6 kfl/t ePdf To:tf] k|:tfjgf jf wf/f kfl/t ePsf ] dflgg]5 .
-&_ o; wf/fsf] k|of]hgsf nflu ;+ljwfg ;efdf k]z ePsf] ;+l jwfgsf] ljw]ossf] k|:tfjgf jf To;sf] s’g} wf/fsf] ;DaGwdf dtbfg ub f{ s’g} klg ;b:on] To:tf] ljw]ossf] k|:tfjgf jf To;sf] s’g} wf/fsf] ljkIfdf dt glbPd f ;j{;Ddlt sfod ePsf] dflgg]5 .
&!=
&!=&!=
&!=

;+ljwfg ;efsf cWoIf / pkfWoIf
;+ljwfg ;efsf cWoIf / pkfWoIf;+ljwfg ;efsf cWoIf / pkfWoIf
;+ljwfg ;efsf cWoIf / pkfWoIf
M
MM
M

-!_ ;+ljwfg ;efn] ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f ;DaGwL cfˆgf] sfo{
k|f/De ug'{ cl3
scfˆgf ;b:ox¿dWo]af6 /fhgLlts ;xdltsf cfwf/df Pshgf cWoIf /
Pshgf pkfWoIfsf] lgjf{rg ug{]5 .
s kfFrf} ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

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www.lawcommission.gov.np 28
r-!s_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhdsf] ;xdlt sfod x’g g;s]df ;+ljwfg ;efdf
tTsfn sfod /x]sf ;Dk”0f{ ;b:o ;+Vofsf] ax’dt k|fKt ug]{ ;+lj wfg ;efsf] ;b:o ;+ljwfg
;efsf] cWoIf jf pkfWoIf kbdf lgjf{lrt ePsf] dflgg]5 . -@_
spkwf/f -!_ jf pkwf/f -!s_ adf]lhd lgjf{rg ubf{ cWoIf / pkfWoIf
;+ljwfg ;efdf k|ltlglwTj ug{] cnu–cnu /fhg}lts bnaf6 k|lt lglwTj ug{] ;b:o x’g’
kg{]5 . -#_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd cWoIf / pkfWoIfsf] lgjf{rg ;Dk Gg geP ;Dd
pd]/sf lx;fan] ;+ljwfg ;efsf] ;a}eGbf h]i7 ;b:on] ;+ljwfg ; efsf] cWoIftf ug{]5 .
-$_ cWoIf jf pkfWoIfn] o; ;+ljwfg adf]lhd cfˆgf] sfo{ ;D kfbg ubf{
s’g} klg /fhg}lts bnsf] kIf jf ljkIfdf g/xL t6:y JolQms f] x}l;otn] ug{]5 .
&@=
&@=&@=
&@=

cWoIf / pkfWoIfsf] :yfg l/Qmtf
cWoIf / pkfWoIfsf] :yfg l/QmtfcWoIf / pkfWoIfsf] :yfg l/Qmtf
cWoIf / pkfWoIfsf] :yfg l/Qmtf

M
MM
M

-!_ b]xfosf] cj:yfdf cWoIf / pkfWoIfsf] kb l/Qm
x’g]5M– -s_ lghn] lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf,
-v_ ;+ljwfg ;efdf lghsf] ;b:otf g/x]df,
-u_ lghn] kb cg’s”nsf] cfr/0f u/]sf] 5}g eGg] k|:tfj ;+ljwf g ;efsf ;Dk”0f{
;b:o ;+Vofsf] sDtLdf b’O{ ltxfO{ ;b:osf] ax’dtaf6 kfl/t ePdf, jf
-3_ lghsf] d[To’ ePdf .
-@_ ;+ljwfg ;efsf] cWoIfn] kb cg’s”nsf] cfr/0f u/]sf] 5}g eG g] k|:tfj
pk/ 5nkmn x’g] a}7ssf] cWoIftf pkfWoIf jf cGo s’g} ;b:on] ug{]5 / ;f] k|:tfjsf] 5nkmndf cWoIfn] efu lng / dt lbg kfpg]5 .
&#=
&#=&#=
&#=

u0fk”/s ;+Vof
u0fk”/s ;+Vofu0fk”/s ;+Vof
u0fk”/s ;+Vof
M
MM
M o; efudf cGoyf n]lvPsf]df afx]s ;+ljwfg ;efsf] a}7sdf
;Dk”0f{ ;b:o
;+Vofsf] sDtLdf Ps rf}yfO{ ;b:o pkl:yt geP;Dd ;+ljwfg ;e fsf] u0fk”/s ;+Vof k’u]sf] dflgg] 5}g / s’g} k|Zg jf k|:tfj lg0f{osf nflu k|:t’t x’g] 5 }g .
s
ss
s&$=
&$= &$=
&$= ;b:o
;b:o;b:o
;b:osf] :yfg l/Qm /x]sf] cj:yfdf ;+ljwfg ;efsf] sfo{ ;~rf
ng
sf] :yfg l/Qm /x]sf] cj:yfdf ;+ljwfg ;efsf] sfo{ ;~rfng sf] :yfg l/Qm /x]sf] cj:yfdf ;+ljwfg ;efsf] sfo{ ;~rfng
sf] :yfg l/Qm /x]sf] cj:yfdf ;+ljwfg ;efsf] sfo{ ;~rfng M
M M
M

-!_ ;+ljwfg ;efsf] s’g} ;b:osf] :yfg l/Qm /x] klg ;+ljwfg ;efn] cfkmgf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug{ ;Sg]5 /
cof]Uotfsf] sf/0f ;+ljwfg ;efsf] s’g} sfd sf/afxLdf efu l ng gkfpg] s’g} JolQmn] efu
lnPsf] s’/f kl5 kQf nfUof] eg] klg eO;s]sf] sfd sf/afxL c dfGo x’g] 5}g .
-@_ ;+ljwfg ;efsf] ;b:o g/x]sf] eP klg dGqL, /fHodGqL, ;xfosdGqLn] ;+ljwfg ;ef jf To;sf] s’g} ;ldltsf] a}7sdf pkl:yt x’g ;Sg ]5 .
r kfFrf} ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . s kfFrf} ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

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t/ lghnfO{ dtbfg ug]{ clwsf/ x’g] 5}g .
&%=
&%=&%=
&%=

dtbfg
dtbfgdtbfg
dtbfg
M
MM
M o; efudf cGoyf Joj:yf ePsf]df afx]s ;+ljwfg ;efsf] lg
0f{osf] nflu k|:t’t
h’g;’s} k|Zg jf k|:tfjsf] lg0f{o pkl:yt eO{ dtbfg ug{] ;b:ox ¿sf] ax’dtaf6 x’g]5 .
cWoIftf ug{] JolQmnfO{ ;fdfGotof dt lbg] clwsf/ x’g] 5}g .
t/ dt a/fa/ ePdf lghn] cfˆgf] lg0ff{os dt lbg]5 .
&^=
&^=&^=
&^=

cg
cgcg
cglws[t pkl:yt ePdf jf dtbfg u/]df ;hfo x’g] lws[t pkl:yt ePdf jf dtbfg u/]df ;hfo x’g]lws[t pkl:yt ePdf jf dtbfg u/]df ;hfo x’g] lws[t pkl:yt ePdf jf dtbfg u/]df ;hfo x’g] M
MM
M wf/f ^* adf]lhd zky glnO{ jf
;+ljwfg ;efsf] ;b:o x’gsf] nflu cfjZos of]Uotf k’u]sf] 5}g eGg] yfxf kfpFbf kfpFb} s’g}
JolQm ;+ljwfg ;ef jf To;sf] s’g} ;ldltsf] a}7sdf pkl:yt e Pdf jf lghn] dtbfg u/]df
lghnfO{ ;f] a}7sdf cWoIftf ug{] JolQmsf] cfb]zn] To;/L pkl: yt ePsf] jf dtbfg u/]sf] k|To]s k6ssf nflu kfFr xhf/ ¿k}ofF hl/jfgf x’g]5 . o;/L ePsf] hl/jfgf lghn] r’Qmf
gu/]df ;/sf/L afFsL ;/x c;’n pk/ ul/g]5 .
&&=
&&=&&=
&&=

ljz]ifflwsf/
ljz]ifflwsf/ljz]ifflwsf/
ljz]ifflwsf/

M
MM
M

-!_ ;+ljwfg ;efsf] a}7sdf k”0f{ jfs :jtGqtf /xg]5 / ;f] a}7sdf JoQm
u/]sf] s’g} s’/f jf lbPsf] s’g} dtnfO{ lnP/ s’g} klg ;b:onfO{ kqmfp ug{, y’gfdf /fVg jf
lgh pk/ s’g} cbfntdf sf/afxL rnfOg] 5}g . -@_ ;+ljwfg ;efsf] k|To]s a}7snfO{ cfˆgf] cfGtl/s sfd sf/ afxL lgoldt
ug{] k”0f{ clwsf/ /xg]5 / s’g} sfd sf/afxL lgoldt jf clgol dt 5 jf 5}g egL lg0f{o ug{] clwsf/ ;DalGwt a}7snfO{ dfq x’g]5 . o; ;DaGwdf s’g} cbfnt df k|Zg p7fOg] 5}g .
-#_ ;+ljwfg ;efsf] s’g} klg sfd sf/afxLnfO{ To;sf] c;n lg otaf/] z+sf
p7fO{ s’g} 6Lsf l6Kk0fL ul/g] 5}g / s’g} ;b:on] af]n]sf] s’g} s ‘/fsf] ;DaGwdf hfgL–hfgL
unt jf e|fds cy{ nufO{ s’g} k|sf/sf] k|sfzg tyf k|;f/0f ul /g] 5}g .
-$_ ;+ljwfg ;efaf6 lbPsf] clwsf/ cGtu{t s’g} lnvt, k|ltj]b g, dtbfg jf
sf/afxL k|sflzt u/]sf] ljifonfO{ lnP/ s’g} JolQm pk/ cbfn tdf sf/afxL rnfOg] 5}g .
:ki6Ls/0fM :ki6Ls/0fM:ki6Ls/0fM
:ki6Ls/0fM
pkwf/f -!_, -@_, -#_ / -$_ sf] k|of]hgsf nflu æ;+ljwfg

;efsf] a}7sÆ eGgfn] ;+ljwfg ;ef / To;sf] s’g} ;ldltsf] a }7s ;d]tnfO{ hgfpg]5 .
-%_ ;+ljwfg ;efsf] s’g} klg ;b:onfO{ ;+ljwfg ;efsf] sfo{sf ne/ kqmfp
ul/g] 5}g . t/ s’g} kmf}Hbf/L cleof]udf s’g} ;b:onfO{ sfg”g adf]lhd kqmf p ug{ o;
pkwf/fn] jfwf k’¥ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g . To;/L s’g} ;b:o kqmfp ul/Pdf kqmfp ug{] clwsf/Ln] To;sf] ;”rgf ;+ljwfg ;efsf] cWoIftf ug{] JolQmnf O{ t’?Gt lbg’ kg{]5 .
-^_ o; wf/fdf pNn]v ePsf s’g} s’/f pNnª3g ePdf ;+ljwfg ; efsf] ljz]ifflwsf/ xgg x’g] / ;+ljwfg ;efsf] ljz]ifflwsf/sf] xgg nfO{ ;+ljwfg ;efsf] cjx]ngf

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dflgg]5 . s’g} ljz]ifflwsf/sf] xgg ePsf] 5 jf 5}g eGg] lg0f {o ug{] clwsf/ ;f] ;efnfO{
dfq x’g]5 . -&_ s;}n] ;+ljwfg ;efsf] cjx]ngf u/]df ;f] ;DaGwL a}7ssf] c WoIftf ug{] JolQmn] a}7ssf] lg0f{oaf6 ;f] JolQmnfO{ ;r]t u/fpg, gl;x t lbg jf tLg dlxgfdf ga9g] u/L s}b ug{ jf bz xhf/ ¿k}ofF;Dd hl/jfgf ug{ ;Sg]5 . To :tf] hl/jfgf lghn] r’Qmf
gu/]df ;/sf/L afFsL ;/x c;’n pk/ ul/g]5 . t/ ;+ljwfg ;efnfO{ ;Gtf]if x’g] u/L lghn] Ifdf ofrgf u/]df ;+ljwfg ;efn] Ifdf k|bfg ug{ jf tf]ls;s]sf] ;hfonfO{ dfkmL ug{, 36fpg jf sfof{Gjog gu/fpg ;Sg]5 .
-*_ o; ;+ljwfgdf pNn]v ul/Pb]lv afx]s ljz]ifflwsf/ ;DaG wL cGo s’/fx¿
sfg”gåf/f lgwf{/0f ul/P adf]lhd x’g]5g .
&*=
&*=&*=
&*=

sfo{ ;~rfng ljlw
sfo{ ;~rfng ljlwsfo{ ;~rfng ljlw
sfo{ ;~rfng ljlw
M
MM
M o; ;+ljwfgsf] cwLgdf /xL ;+ljwfg ;efn] cfˆgf] sfo{ ;~r
fng ug{
a}7ssf] ;’Joj:yf sfod /fVg / ;ldltx¿sf] u7g, sfd sf/afx L / cGo s’/f lgoldt
ug{sf] nflu lgodfjnL agfpg]5 . To:tf] lgodfjnL gag];Dds f] nflu ;+ljwfg ;efn] cfˆgf] sfo{ljlw cfkm}+ lgoldt ug{]5 .
&(=
&(=&(=
&(=

;ld
;ld;ld
;ldlt
ltlt
lt
M
MM
M ;+ljwfg ;efdf sfg”gåf/f Joj:yf eP adf]lhd cfjZos ;+Vo
fdf ;ldlt /
pk;ldltx¿ /xg] 5g . cfjZostf cg’;f/ ljz]if1x¿sf] ;xof]u lng ;lsg]5 .
*)=
*)=*)=
*)=

;+ljwfg ;efsf] ;lrjfno
;+ljwfg ;efsf] ;lrjfno;+ljwfg ;efsf] ;lrjfno
;+ljwfg ;efsf] ;lrjfno

M
MM
M

-!_ ;+ljwfg ;efsf] sfdnfO{ Jojl:yt ug{sf nflu Ps
;lrjfno /xg]5 . To:tf] ;lrjfnosf] :yfkgf / ;f] ;DaGwL c Go s’/f sfg”gåf/f lgwf{/0f
eP adf]lhd x’g]5 .
-@_ ;+ljwfg ;efsf] sfd sf/afxL ;~rfng ug{ cfjZos x’g] s d{rf/L g]kfn
;/sf/n] pknAw u/fpg]5 .
*!=
*!=*!=
*!=

kfl/>lds
kfl/>ldskfl/>lds
kfl/>lds
M
MM
M ;+ljwfg ;efsf cWoIf, pkfWoIf, ;b:o tyf ;ldltsf ;ef
kltx¿sf] kfl/>lds /
;’ljwf sfg”gåf/f Joj:yf eP adf]lhd x’g]5 / To;/L Joj:yf geP;Dd g]kfn ;/sf/n] lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhd x’g]5 .
*@=
*@=*@=
*@=

;+ljwfg ;efsf] lj36g
;+ljwfg ;efsf] lj36g;+ljwfg ;efsf] lj36g
;+ljwfg ;efsf] lj36g
M
MM
M ;+ljwfg ;efn] kfl/t u/]sf] ;+ljwfg k|f/De ePsf] lbgb]lv
;+ljwfg
;efsf] sfd ;dfKt x’g]5 .
t/ ;+ljwfg ;efn] kfl/t u/]sf] ;+ljwfg adf]lhdsf] Jo j:yflksf–;+;bsf] lgjf{rg
geP;Ddsf nflu Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] sfd sf/afxL ;f] ;efn ] kfl/t u/]sf] ;+ljwfgdf
pNn]v eP adf]lhd x’g]5 .
*#=
*#=*#=
*#=

Joj:yflksf
Joj:yflksfJoj:yflksf
Joj:yflksf–
––
–;+;bsf] x}l;otdf sfd ug{] ;+;bsf] x}l;otdf sfd ug{];+;bsf] x}l;otdf sfd ug{] ;+;bsf] x}l;otdf sfd ug{] M
MM
M

-!_ o; efudf cGoq h’g;’s} s’/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ;+ljwfg ;ef sfod /x]sf] cjlwe/ ;f] ;efn] Joj:yf lksf–;+;bsf] sfd ;d]t

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ug{]5 / lgoldt ljwfog ;DaGwL cfjZos sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug{ ;+lj wfg ;efn] 5’§} ;ldlt
u7g ug{ ;Sg]5 . -@_ ;+ljwfg ;efsf cWoIf tyf pkfWoIf Joj:yflksf–;+;bs f qmdzM ;efd’v
/ pk–;efd’v x’g]5g . -#_ ;+ljwfg ;efsf] ;lrjfno / To;sf sd{rf/Lx¿ Joj:yflks f–;+;bsf] ;lrjfno / sd{rf/L x’g]5g . -$_ ;+ljwfg ;efn] Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] x}l;otdf sfo{ ;Dkfbg ubf{ efu *
sf Joj:yfx¿ cfjZos x]/km]/ ;lxt ;+ljwfg ;efnfO{ nfu” x’g ]5g .
efu *
efu * efu *
efu *

Joj:yfkg sfo{ljlw
Joj:yfkg sfo{ljlw Joj:yfkg sfo{ljlw
Joj:yfkg sfo{ljlw

*$=
*$=*$=
*$=

ljw]os k|:t’t ug{ ;Sg] ljw]os k|:t’t ug{ ;Sg]ljw]os k|:t’t ug{ ;Sg] ljw]os k|:t’t ug{ ;Sg] M
MM
M

-!_ Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] s’g} klg ;b:on] ;bgdf ljw]os k|:
t’t
ug{ ;Sg]5 . :ki6Ls/0f
:ki6Ls/0f :ki6Ls/0f
:ki6Ls/0f
M
MM
M o; efusf] k|of]hgsf] nflu æ;bgÆ eGgfn] Joj:yflksf–
;+;bsf] ;bg /
æ;b:oÆ eGgfn] Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] ;b:onfO{ hgfpg]5 . -@_ cy{ ljw]os tyf g]kfnL ;]gf, ;z:q k|x/L, g]kfn k|x/L nufot ;’/Iff
lgsfo;Fu ;DalGwt ljw]os ;/sf/L ljw]ossf] ¿kdf dfq k|:t ‘t ul/g]5 .
-#_ æcy{ ljw]osÆ eGgfn] b]xfodf plNnlvt ;a} jf s’g} ljifol ;t ;DaGw
/fVg] ljw]osnfO{ hgfpg]5M– -s_ s/ nufpg], p7fpg], vf/]h ug]{, 5″6 lbg], kl/jt{g ug]{ jf s/
k|0ffnLnfO{ Jojl:yt ug]{ ljifo,
-v_ ;l~rt sf]if jf cGo s’g} ;/sf/L sf]ifsf] ;+/If0f ug]{, T o:tf] sf]ifdf
/sd hDdf ug]{ jf To:tf] sf]ifaf6 s’g} /sd ljlgof]hg jf vr{ ug]{
jf ljlgof]hg jf vr{ ug{ vf]lhPsf] /sd 36fpg], a9fpg] jf vf/]h
ug]{ ljifo,
-u_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] C0f k|fKt ug]{ jf hdfgt lbg] ljifo Jojl :yt ug]{ jf
g]kfn ;/sf/n] lnPsf] jf lng] cfly{s bfloTj ;DaGwL sfg”g ; +zf]wg
ug]{ ljifo,
-3_ ;/sf/L sf]ifdf k|fKt x’g] ;a} k|sf/sf] /fh:j, C0f c;’n Laf6 k|fKt
/sd / cg’bfgsf] /sd lhDdf /fVg], nufgL ug]{ jf g]kfn ;/sf /sf] n]vfsf] n]vf k/LIf0f ug]{ ljifo, jf

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www.lawcommission.gov.np 32
-ª_ v08 -s_ b]lv v08 -3_ ;Ddsf ljifox¿;Fu k|ToIf ;DaGw ePsf
k|f;ªlus ljifox¿,
t/ s’g} cg’dltkq b:t’/, lgj]bg b:t’/, gljs/0f b:t’/ h: tf z’Ns, b:t’/ nufpg] jf
s’g} hl/jfgf jf s}b x’g] Joj:yf jf :yfgLo lgsfon] nufpg] s ‘g} s/, b:t’/ jf z’Ns ePsf] sf/0fn] dfq s’g} ljw]os cy{ ljw]os dflgg] 5}g . -$_ s’g} ljw]os cy{ ljw]os xf] jf xf]Og eGg] k|Zg p7]df Joj :yflksf–;+;bsf] ;efd’vsf] lg0f{o clGtd x’g]5 .
*%=
*%=*%=
*%=

ljw]os kfl/t ug]{ ljlw
ljw]os kfl/t ug]{ ljlwljw]os kfl/t ug]{ ljlw
ljw]os kfl/t ug]{ ljlw
M
MM
M

-!_ ;bgdf ljw]os k|:t’t ug{ rfxg] ;b:on] ljw]os k|:t’t
ug'{ eGbf sDtLdf ;ft lbg cufj} ;f]sf] ;”rgf dxf;lrj jf ; lrjnfO{ lbg’ kg]{5 .
t/ ;/sf/L ljw]ossf] xsdf kfFr lbg cufl8 ;”rgf lbg’ ko f{Kt x’g]5 .
-@_ ljw]os k]z x’g] lbgeGbf b’O{ lbg cufj} k|To]s ;b:onfO { ljw]ossf] k|lt
pknAw u/fOg]5 . -#_ ljw]os k|:t’tstf{ ;b:on] ;bg ;dIf ljw]osdfly ljrf/ ul/of]; eGg] s’g} k|:tfj k|:t’t ug{ ;Sg]5 . -$_ pkwf/f -#_ adf]lhdsf] k|:tfj :jLs[t ePdf To:tf] lj w]os dflysf] bkmfaf/ 5nkmn ;bgdf jf ;DalGwt ;ldltdf x’g]5 . -%_ ;bgdf bkmfaf/ 5nkmn ePsf]df ;f] ;dfKt ePkl5 / ;l dltdf bkmfaf/
5nkmn ePsf]df ;ldltsf] k|ltj]bg dflysf] 5nkmn ;dfKt ePkl 5 ljw]os k|:t’tstf{
;b:on] ljw]os kfl/t ul/of]; eGg] k|:tfj k|:t’t ug]{5 .
-^_ pkwf/f -%_ adf]lhd k|:t’t ePsf] k|:tfj ;bgsf] s’n ;b: o ;+Vofsf] ;fdfGo ax’dtaf6 :jLs[t ePdf ljw]os kfl/t ePsf] dflgg]5 .
*^=
*^=*^=
*^=

ljw]os lkmtf{ lng] ljw]os lkmtf{ lng]ljw]os lkmtf{ lng] ljw]os lkmtf{ lng] M
MM
M ljw]os k|:t’tstf{ ;b:on] ;bgsf] :jLs[lt lnO{ ljw]os lkmtf{
lng
;Sg]]5 .
*&=
*&=*&=
*&=

ljw]ossf] k|df0fLs/0f
ljw]ossf] k|df0fLs/0fljw]ossf] k|df0fLs/0f
ljw]ossf] k|df0fLs/0f
M
MM
M ;bgaf6 kfl/t ljw]os 4/fi6«kltåf/f k|df0fLs/0f ePkl5 P]g
aGg]5 .

t/ /fi6«kltsf] lgjf{rg eO{ sfo{ef/ g;Dxfn];Dd ;efd’våf/f g} k|df0fLs/0f x’g]5 .
**=
**=**=
**=

cWofb]z
cWofb]zcWofb]z
cWofb]z
M
MM
M

-!_ Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] clwj]zg jf a}7s rln/x]sf] cj:
yfdf afx]s cGo
cj:yfdf tTsfn s]xL ug{ cfjZos k/]sf] 5 eGg] s’/fdf
4/fi6«klt ;Gt’i6 ePdf o;
4 rf}+yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .  rf}+yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk

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www.lawcommission.gov.np 33
;+ljwfgdf n]lvPsf s’/fx¿sf] k|lts”n gx’g] u/L 4dlGqkl/ifbsf] l;kmfl/;df cfjZos
cWofb]z hf/L ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd hf/L ePsf] cWofb]z P]g ;/x d fGo x’g]5 .

t/ To:tf] k|To]s cWofb]z,–
-s_ hf/L ePkl5 a;]sf] Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] a}7sdf k]z ul/g]5 /
To:tf] a}7sn] :jLsf/ gu/]df :jtM lgliqmo x’g]5,
-v_
4/fi6«kltaf6 af6 h’g;’s} avt vf/]h x’g ;Sg]5, /
-u_ v08 -s_ jf -v_ adf]lhd lgliqmo jf vf/]h gePdf Joj :yflksf–
;+;bsf] a}7s a;]sf] ;f7L lbgkl5 :jtM lgliqmo x’g]5 .

efu (
efu ( efu (
efu (

cfly{s sfo{ k|0ffnL
cfly{s sfo{ k|0ffnL cfly{s sfo{ k|0ffnL
cfly{s sfo{ k|0ffnL

*(=
*(=*(=
*(=

sfg”g adf]lhd afx]s s/ nufpg jf C0f lng gkfOg] sfg”g adf]lhd afx]s s/ nufpg jf C0f lng gkfOg]sfg”g adf]lhd afx]s s/ nufpg jf C0f lng gkfOg] sfg”g adf]lhd afx]s s/ nufpg jf C0f lng gkfOg]

M
MM
M

-!_ sfg”g adf]lhd afx]s s’g}
s/ nufOg] / p7fOg] 5}g .
-@_ sfg”g adf]lhd afx]s g]kfn ;/sf/åf/f s’g} C0f lnOg] / hdfgt lbOg] 5}g .
()=
()=()=
()=

;l~rt sf]if
;l~rt sf]if;l~rt sf]if
;l~rt sf]if
M
MM
M u’7L /sd afx]s g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ k|fKt x’g] ;a} k|sf/sf /fh:
j, /fh:jsf] lwtf]df lnOPsf ;a} shf{x¿ / P]gsf] clwsf/ cGtu{t lbOPsf] h ‘g;’s} C0f c;’n x’Fbf k|fKt
ePsf] ;a} wg tyf g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ k|fKt x’g] cGo h’g;’s} /sd P s ;/sf/L sf]ifdf
cfDbfgL afFlwg]5 h;nfO{ ;l~rt sf]if elgg]5 .
t/ lghL u’7L afx]ssf] cGo u’7Lsf] /sdsf] xsdf sfg”g ag fO{ lgoldt ul/g]5 .
(!=
(!=(!=
(!=

;l~rt sf]if jf ;/sf/L sf]ifaf6 Joo
;l~rt sf]if jf ;/sf/L sf]ifaf6 Joo;l~rt sf]if jf ;/sf/L sf]ifaf6 Joo
;l~rt sf]if jf ;/sf/L sf]ifaf6 Joo
M
MM
M b]xfosf /sd afx]s ;l~rt sf]if jf cGo s’g}
;/sf/L sf]ifaf6 s’g} /sd lemSg ;lsg] 5}gM– -s_ ;l~rt sf]ifdfly Jooef/ ePsf] /sd,
-v_ ljlgof]hg ug]{ P]gåf/f vr{ x’g] /sd,
-u_ ljlgof]hg ljw]os ljrf/fwLg /x]sf cj:yfdf k]:sLsf] ¿k df P]gåf/f vr{
x’g] /sd, jf -3_ ljz]if cj:yfdf Joosf] ljj/0f dfq ePsf] pwf/f] vr{ P]gåf/f Joo x’g] /sd .
t/ cfsl:ds sf]ifsf xsdf wf/f (* adf]lhd x’g]5 .
(@=
(@=(@=
(@=

;l~rt sf]ifdfly Jooef/
;l~rt sf]ifdfly Jooef/;l~rt sf]ifdfly Jooef/
;l~rt sf]ifdfly Jooef/
M
MM
M b]xfosf ljifo;Fu ;DalGwt vr{x¿ ;l~rt sf]ifdfly Jooef/

x’g]5gM–

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www.lawcommission.gov.np 34
4-s_ /fi6«klt tyf pk/fi6«kltsf] kfl/>lds / ;’ljwfsf] / sd,
-s!_ ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf k|wfg GofofwLz tyf cGo GofofwLz x?nfO{
lbOg] kfl/>lds, ;’ljwf / lgj[lQe/0fsf] /sd,
-v_ lgDg lnlvt kbflwsf/LnfO{ lbOg] kfl/>lds / ;’ljwfs f /sdx¿M–
-!_ Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf ;efd’v / pk–;efd’v,
-@_ ;+ljwfg ;efsf cWoIf / pkfWoIf,
-#_ clVtof/ b’¿kof]u cg’;Gwfg cfof]usf k|d’v cfo’Qm / cfo’Qmx¿,
-$_ dxfn]vfk/LIfs,
-%_ nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf cWoIf / ;b:ox¿,
-^_ k|d’v lgjf{rg cfo’Qm / lgjf{rg cfo’Qmx¿, /
-&_ /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf] cWoIf / ;b:ox¿ .
-u_ ;jf]{Rr cbfnt, clVtof/ b’¿kof]u cg’;Gwfg cfof]u, dxfn]vfk/LIfs, nf]s ;]jf cfof]u, lgjf{rg cfof]u / /fli6«o dfgj
clwsf/ cfof]u ;DaGwL k|zf;lgs Joox¿,
-3_ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] bfloTjsf] C0f ;DaGwL Jooef/,
-ª_ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] lj?4 cbfntaf6 ePsf] km};nf jf cf1lKt cg’;f/
ltg'{ kg]{ /sd, /
-r_ sfg”gn] ;l~rt sf]ifdfly Jooef/ x’g] egL lgwf{/0f u/]sf ] /sd .
(#=
(#=(#=
(#=

/fh:j / Joosf] cg’dfg
/fh:j / Joosf] cg’dfg/fh:j / Joosf] cg’dfg
/fh:j / Joosf] cg’dfg

M
MM
M

-!_ cy{ dGqLn] k|To]s cfly{s jif{sf] ;DaGwdf Joj:yflksf–
;+;b ;dIf b]xfosf s’/fx¿ ;d]t v’nfO{ jflif{s cg’dfg k]z u g{‘ kg]{5 M–
-s_ /fh:jsf] cg’dfg,
-v_ ;l~rt sf]ifdfly Jooef/ x’g] cfjZos /sdx¿, /
-u_ ljlgof]hg P]gåf/f Joo x’g] cfjZos /sdx¿ .
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd jflif{s cg’dfg k]z ubf{ cl3Nn f] cfly{s jif{df k|To]s
dGqfnonfO{ 5’6ofOPsf] vr{sf] /sd / ;f] vr{ cg’;f/sf] nIo xf l;n eof] jf ePg To;sf] ljj/0f klg k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
($=
($=($=
($=

ljlgof]hg P]g
ljlgof]hg P]gljlgof]hg P]g
ljlgof]hg P]g
M
MM
M ljlgof]hg P]g cg’;f/ Joo x’g] cfjZos /sd zLif{sx¿df lgl
b{i6 u/L
ljlgof]hg ljw]osdf /flvg]5g .
4 rf}+yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .  rf}+yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk

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www.lawcommission.gov.np 35
(%=
(%=(%=
(%=

k
kk
k ”
“”
“/s cg’dfg
/s cg’dfg
/s cg’dfg
/s cg’dfg M
MM
M

-!_ s’g} cfly{s jif{df b]xfosf] cj:yf kg{ cfPdf cy{ dGqLaf
6 Joj:yflksf–
;+;b ;dIf k”/s cg’dfg k]z ul/g]5 M– -s_ rfn” cfly{s jif{sf lgldQ ljlgof]hg P]gåf/f s’g} ;]jfs f] nflu vr{ ug{
clVtof/L lbOPsf] /sd ckof{Kt ePdf jf To; jif{sf lgldQ ljlgof]hg
P]gn] clVtof/ glbPsf] gofF ;]jfdf vr{ ug{ cfjZos ePdf, jf
-v_ To; cfly{s jif{df s’g} ljlgof]hg P]gåf/f clVtof/L lbP sf] /sdeGbf a9L
vr{ x’g uPdf .
-@_ k”/s cg’dfgdf /flvPsf] /sd zLif{sx¿df lglb{i6 u/L k”/s ljlgof]hg
ljw]osdf /flvg]5g .
(^=
(^=(^=
(^=

k]:sL vr{
k]:sL vr{k]:sL vr{
k]:sL vr{
M
MM
M

-!_ o; efudf h’g;’s} s’/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ljlgof]hg lj
w]os ljrf/fwLg
/x]sf] cj:yfdf cfly{s jif{sf nflu cg’dfg ul/Psf] Joosf] s’g } c+z cufj} k]:sLsf ¿kdf
P]gåf/f vr{ ug{ ;lsg]5 . -@_ wf/f (# df ul/Psf] Joj:yf cg’;f/ /fh:j / Joosf] c g’dfg k]z
gul/P;Dd k]:sL vr{ ljw]os k|:t’t ul/g] 5}g / k]:sLsf] /sd cfly{s jif{sf] Joo
cg’dfgsf] t[tLof+zeGbf a9L x’g]5}g . -#_ k]:sL vr{ P]g cg’;f/ vr{ ePsf] /sd ljlgof]hg ljw]osdf ;dfj]z
ul/g]5 .
r
rr
r(^s=
(^s= (^s=
(^s=

/fh:j / Joo ;DaGwL ljz]if Joj:yf
/fh:j / Joo ;DaGwL ljz]if Joj:yf/fh:j / Joo ;DaGwL ljz]if Joj:yf
/fh:j / Joo ;DaGwL ljz]if Joj:yf M
M M
M

-!_ o; efudf cGoq h’g;’s} s’/f n]lvPsf] eP
tfklg rfn” cfly{s jif{sf] cGTo;Dddf cfufdL cfly{s jif{sf ] nflu /fh:j / Joosf] cg’dfg
Joj:yflksf–;+;b ;dIf k]z x’g g;Sg] ljz]if kl/l:ylt pT kGg ePdf rfn’ cfly{s jif{sf] cfly{s P]g adf]lhd /fh:j ;Íng ug{ ;lsg]5 . -@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhdsf] kl/l:ylt pTkGg ePdf cy{ dGqL n] To;sf] sf/0f
v’nfO{ rfn” cfly{s jif{sf] s’n Joosf] Ps
t[tLof+zdf ga9g] u/L cfufdL cfly{s jif{sf] nflu vr{ ug]{ clwsf/sf] ljw]os Joj:yflksf–;+;b ;dIf k]z ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-#_ pkwf/f -@_ adf]lhd vr{ ePsf] /sd ljlgof]hg ljw]osdf ;dfj]z
ul/g]5 . -$_ o; ;+ljwfgdf cGoq h’g;’s} s’/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg pkwf/ f -@_ adf]lhd
Joj:yflksf–;+;b ;dIf k]z ePsf] ljw]os ;f] ljw]os k]z ePsf ] lbgdf g} 5nkmn k|f/De
u/L kfl/t ug{ ;lsg]5 .
r kfFrf} ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

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www.lawcommission.gov.np 36
(&=
(&=(&=
(&=

pwf/f] vr{
pwf/f] vr{pwf/f] vr{
pwf/f] vr{ M
MM
M o; efudf cGoq h’g;’s} s’/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg k|fs[lts sf/
0f jf jfxo
cfqmd0fsf] cfzÍf jf cfGtl/s lj£g jf cGo sf/0fn] ubf{ : yfgLo jf /fi6«JofkL ;Í6sf] cj:yf ePdf wf/f (# cGtu{t rflxg] ljj/0f v’nfpg cJofjx fl/s jf /fHosf] ;’/Iff jf
lxtsf b[li6n] cjf~5gLo b]lvPdf cy{ dGqLn] Joosf] ljj/0f dfq ePsf] pwf/f] vr{ ljw]os
Joj:yflksf–;+;b ;dIf k]z ug{ ;Sg]5 .
(*=
(*=(*=
(*=

cfsl:ds sf]if
cfsl:ds sf]ifcfsl:ds sf]if
cfsl:ds sf]if
M
MM
M P]gåf/f cfsl:ds sf]ifsf gfdn] Pp6f sf]if :yfkgf ug{ ;l
sg]5 / To:tf] sf]ifdf ;do ;dodf P]gåf/f lgwf{/0f eP cg’;f/sf] /sd hDdf ul/g]5 . ;f] sf]if g]kfn
;/sf/sf] lgoGq0fdf /xg]5 . g]kfn ;/sf/n] ;f] sf]ifaf6 cf sl:ds sfo{sf] nflu vr{ ug{
;Sg]5 . To:tf] vr{sf] /sd P]gåf/f oyfzLw| ;f]wegf{ ul/g]5 .
((=
((=((=
((=

cfly{s sfo{ljlw ;DaGwL P]g
cfly{s sfo{ljlw ;DaGwL P]gcfly{s sfo{ljlw ;DaGwL P]g
cfly{s sfo{ljlw ;DaGwL P]g
M
MM
M P]gåf/f ljlgof]lht Ps zLif{saf6 csf]{ zLif{sdf /sd ;fg]{
/
cfly{s sfo{ljlw;DaGwL cGo s’/fx¿ P]gåf/f Jojl:yt x’g]5 .
efu !)
efu !) efu !)
efu !)

Gofokflnsf
Gofokflnsf Gofokflnsf
Gofokflnsf

!))=
!))= !))=
!))=

Gofo ;DaGwL clwsf/ cbfntaf6 k|of]u x’g
Gofo ;DaGwL clwsf/ cbfntaf6 k|of]u x’gGofo ;DaGwL clwsf/ cbfntaf6 k|of]u x’g
Gofo ;DaGwL clwsf/ cbfntaf6 k|of]u x’g ]M
]M]M
]M

-!_ g]kfnsf] Gofo ;DaGwL clwsf/ of] ;+ljwfg
/ cGo sfg”g tyf Gofosf dfGo l;4fGt cg’;f/ cbfnt tyf G oflos lgsfox¿af6 k|of]u
ul/g]5 . -@_ g]kfnsf] Gofokflnsfn] :jtGq Gofokflnsf ;DaGwL cjw f/0ff /
d”NodfGotfnfO{ cg’;/0f u/L nf]stGq / hgcfGbf]ngsf] efjgf nfO{ cfTd;ft ub}{ o;
;+ljwfgk|lt k|lta4 /xg]5 .
!)!=
!)!= !)!=
!)!=

cbfntx¿
cbfntx¿cbfntx¿
cbfntx¿
M
MM
M

-!_ g]kfndf b]xfo adf]lhdsf cbfntx¿ /xg]5gM–
-s_ ;jf]{Rr cbfnt,
-v_ k’g/fj]bg cbfnt, /
-u_ lhNnf cbfnt . -@_ pkwf/f -!_ df n]lvPb]lv afx]s vf; lsl;d / k|s[ltsf d ‘2fsf] sf/afxL /
lsgf/f ug{ sfg”gåf/f cGo cbfnt, Goflos lgsfo jf Gofof lws/0fsf] :yfkgf / u7g ug{
;lsg]5 . t/ s’g} vf; d’2fsf] nflu cbfnt, Goflos lgsfo jf Gofoflw s/0fsf] u7g ul/g] 5}g .
!)@=
!)@= !)@=
!)@=

;jf]{Rr cbfnt
;jf]{Rr cbfnt;jf]{Rr cbfnt
;jf]{Rr cbfnt
M
MM
M

-!_ Gofokflnsfsf] ;a}eGbf dflyNnf] tx ;jf]{Rr cbfnt
x’g]5 .

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www.lawcommission.gov.np 37
-@_ ;+ljwfg ;ef ;DaGwL cbfnt afx]s g]kfnsf cGo ;a} cbfn t / Goflos
lgsfox¿ ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf dftxtdf x’g]5g . ;jf{]Rr cbfntn ] cfˆgf] dftxtsf cbfnt /
Goflos lgsfox¿sf] lg/LIf0f Pj+ ;’kl/j]If0f ug{ / cfjZos lgb{]zg lbg ;Sg]5 .
-#_ ;jf]{Rr cbfnt clen]v cbfnt x’g]5 . o;n] cfˆgf] / cfˆg f dftxtsf
cbfnt jf Goflos lgsfox¿sf] cjx]ngfdf sf/afxL rnfO{ sf g”g adf]lhd ;hfo ug{
;Sg]5 . -$_ ;+ljwfg ;ef ;DaGwL cbfntsf] If]qflwsf/leq kg]{ ljifo df afx]s o;
;+ljwfg / k|rlnt sfg”gsf] JofVof ug]{ clGtd clwsf/ ;jf]{Rr cbfntdf lglxt /xg]5 .
-%_ ;jf{]Rr cbfntdf k|wfg GofofwLzsf] cltl/Qm a9Ldf r f}w hgf;Dd cGo
GofofwLzx¿ /xg]5g . s’g} ;dodf ;jf{]Rr cbfntdf d’2fsf] ;+ Vof a9g uO{
GofofwLzx¿sf] ;+Vof ckof{Kt x’g uPdf s’g} lglZrt cjlwsf nflu c:yfoL GofofwLz
lgo’Qm ug{ ;lsg]5 .
!)#=
!)#= !)#=
!)#=

;jf]{Rr cbfntsf GofofwLzx¿sf] lgo’lQm / of]Uotf
;jf]{Rr cbfntsf GofofwLzx¿sf] lgo’lQm / of]Uotf;jf]{Rr cbfntsf GofofwLzx¿sf] lgo’lQm / of]Uotf
;jf]{Rr cbfntsf GofofwLzx¿sf] lgo’lQm / of]Uotf
M
MM
M

-!_ 4/fi6«kltn] ;+j}wflgs kl/ifbsf] l;kmfl/;df ;jf{]Rr cbfntsf] k|wfg GofofwLz / k|wfg Gofof wLzn] Gofo kl/ifbsf] l;kmfl/;df ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf cGo GofofwLzx¿sf] lgo’lQm u g{]5 . k|wfg GofofwLzsf] kbfjlw
wf/f !)% sf] pkwf/f -!_ sf] v08 -v_ sf] cwLgdf /xL lgo’l Qm ePsf] ldltaf6 5 jif{sf] x’g]5 . -@_ ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] GofofwLz kbdf sDtLdf tLg jif{ sf d u/]sf] JolQm
;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] k|wfg GofofwLzsf] kbdf lgo’Qm x’g of]Uo d flgg]5 .
-#_ k’g/fj]bg cbfntsf] GofofwLz jf ;f] ;/xsf] Gofo ;]j fsf] s’g} kbdf ;ft
jif{ jf Gofo ;]jfsf] /fhkqflÍt k|yd >]0fL jf ;f] eGbf dfl yNnf] kbdf sDtLdf afx| jif{
sfd u/]sf] jf sfg”gdf :gfts clwjQmf jf jl/i7 clwjQmfsf ] x}l;otdf sDtLdf kGw| jif{
jsfnt u/]sf] jf sDtLdf kGw| jif{;Dd Gofo jf sfg”gsf] If]q df sfd u/L ljlzi6
sfg”gljbsf ¿kdf Voflt k|fKt u/]sf] JolQm dfq ;jf]{Rr cbf ntsf] GofofwLzsf] kbdf
lgo’lQmsf nflu of]Uo dflgg]5 . -$_ k|wfg GofofwLzsf] kb l/Qm ePdf jf c:j:ytfsf] jf c ? s’g} sf/0fn] k|wfg GofofwLz cfˆgf] kbsf] sfd ug{ c;dy{ ePdf jf labf a;]sf] jf g]kfn aflx/
uPsf] sf/0fn] k|wfg GofofwLz ;jf]{Rr cbfntdf pkl:yt gx ‘g] cj:yf k/]df ;jf]{Rr
cbfntsf] jl/i7td GofofwLzn] sfod d’sfod k|wfg Gofofw Lz eO{ sfd ug]{]5 .
4 rf}+yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

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www.lawcommission.gov.np 38
-%_ k|wfg GofofwLz / ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf cGo GofofwLzx¿ k};67L jif{sf] pd]/ gk’u];Dd cfkmgf] kbdf jxfn /xg]5g .
!)$=
!)$= !)$=
!)$=

k|wfg GofofwLz tyf GofofwLzsf] ;]jfsf zt{ tyf ;’ljwf
k|wfg GofofwLz tyf GofofwLzsf] ;]jfsf zt{ tyf ;’ljwfk|wfg GofofwLz tyf GofofwLzsf] ;]jfsf zt{ tyf ;’ljwf
k|wfg GofofwLz tyf GofofwLzsf] ;]jfsf zt{ tyf ;’ljwf
M
MM
M

-!_ ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] k|wfg
GofofwLz tyf sDtLdf kFfr jif{ sfd u/]sf] ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf ] :yfoL GofofwLzn] cjsfz
k|fKt ubf{ sfg”gdf Joj:yf eP adf]lhd lgj[lQe/0f kfpg]5g .
-@_ o; ;+ljwfgdf cGoyf Joj:yf ul/Psf]df afx]s ;jf]{Rr c bfntsf] k|wfg
GofofwLz tyf GofofwLzsf] kfl/>lds, labf, eQf, lgj[lQe /0f / ;]jfsf cGo zt{x¿
sfg”gåf/f Jojl:yt x’g]5g .
-#_ pkwf/f -!_ / -@_ df h’g;’s} s’/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg d xfleof]uåf/f
kbd’Qm ePsf] ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] k|wfg GofofwLz tyf Gofofw Lzn] pkbfg jf lgj[lQe/0f
kfpg] 5}g . -$_ ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] k|wfg GofofwLz jf GofofwLznfO{ ds f{ kg]{ u/L lghsf] kfl/>lds, ;’ljwf jf ;]jfsf cGo zt{ ablng] 5}g .
!)%=
!)%= !)%=
!)%=

k|wfg GofofwLz tyf ;jf{]Rr cbfntsf] GofofwLz kb d’Qm x’g
] k|wfg GofofwLz tyf ;jf{]Rr cbfntsf] GofofwLz kb d’Qm x’g] k|wfg GofofwLz tyf ;jf{]Rr cbfntsf] GofofwLz kb d’Qm x’g] k|wfg GofofwLz tyf ;jf{]Rr cbfntsf] GofofwLz kb d’Qm x’g] M
MM
M

-!_ b]xfosf] cj:yfdf
k|wfg GofofwLz jf ;jf{]Rr cbfntsf] cGo s’g} GofofwLz cfˆ gf] kbaf6 d’Qm ePsf] dflgg]5M– -s_ k|wfg GofofwLzn] 4/fi6«klt ;dIf / GofofwLzn] k|wfg GofofwLz ;dIf
lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf,
-v_ lghsf] k}+;¶L jif{sf] pd]/ k”/f ePdf,
-u_ Joj:yflksf–;+;baf6 dxfleof]u k|:tfj kfl/t ePdf,
-3_ lghsf] d[To’ ePdf .
-@_ k|wfg GofofwLz jf cGo s’g} GofofwLz sfo{Ifdtfsf] c efj, v/fa cfr/0f,
OdfGbf/Lk”j{s cfˆgf] kbLo st{Josf] kfng gu/]sf], zf/Ll/s jf dfgl;s sf/0fn] sfo{
;Dkfbg ug{ c;dy{ ePsf] eGg] cfwf/df Joj:yflksf–;+;bdf dxfleof]u k|:tfj k|:t’t ug{
;lsg]5 / ;f] k|:tfj tTsfn sfod /x]sf ;Dk”0f{ ;b:o ;+Vofs f] b’O{ ltxfO{ ax’dtaf6 kfl/t
ePdf lgh :jtM kbd’Qm x’g]5 .
t/ To:tf] cf/f]k nfu]sf] k|wfg GofofwLz jf GofofwLznfO{ ;kmfO k]z ug]{ df}sfaf6 jlGrt
ul/g] 5}g .
-#_ pkwf/f -@_ adf]lhd dxfleof]usf] sf/afxL k|f/De e Pkl5 ;f] sf/afxLsf] 6’Ëf] gnfu];Dd cf/f]k nfu]sf] k|wfg GofofwLz jf GofofwLzn] cf ˆgf] kbsf] sfo{ ug]{ 5}g .
4 rf}+yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

www.lawcommission.gov.np
www.lawcommission.gov.np 39
!)^=
!)^= !)^=
!)^=

k|wfg GofofwLz tyf GofofwLznfO{ cGo s’g} kbdf sfddf nu
fpg gx’g] k|wfg GofofwLz tyf GofofwLznfO{ cGo s’g} kbdf sfddf nuf pg gx’g] k|wfg GofofwLz tyf GofofwLznfO{ cGo s’g} kbdf sfddf nuf pg gx’g] k|wfg GofofwLz tyf GofofwLznfO{ cGo s’g} kbdf sfddf nuf
pg gx’g] M
MM
M

-!_ ;jf]{Rr
cbfntsf] k|wfg GofofwLz jf GofofwLznfO{ GofofwLzsf] kb df afx]s cGo s’g} kbdf
sfddf nufOg] jf sfhdf v6fOg] 5}g . t/ g]kfn ;/sf/n] Gofo kl/ifb;F+u k/fdz{ lnO{ ;jf{]Rr cbf ntsf] k|wfg GofofwLz
jf GofofwLznfO{ Goflos hfFra’emsf] sfddf jf s]xL vf; cj lwsf] nflu sfg”g jf Gofo
;DaGwL cg’;Gwfg, cGj]if0f jf /fli6«o ;/f]sf/sf] cGo s’g} sfddf v6fpg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] k|wfg GofofwLz jf GofofwLz eO; s]sf] JolQm wf/f !#!
sf] pkwf/f -!_ sf] v08 -s_ adf]lhdsf] kbdf afx]s s’g} klg ;/sf/L kbdf lgo’lQmsf] nflu u|fXo x’g] 5}g / lghn] s’g} klg c88f cbfntdf pkl:yt eO{ ax; k}/jL ug{ kfpg] 5}g .
!)&=
!)&= !)&=
!)&=

;jf] ;jf];jf] ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] clwsf/ If]q
{Rr cbfntsf] clwsf/ If]q{Rr cbfntsf] clwsf/ If]q
{Rr cbfntsf] clwsf/ If]q
M
MM
M

-!_ o; ;+ljwfgåf/f k|bQ df}lns xs pk/ cg’lrt aGb]h nufOP sf]n] jf
cGo s’g} sf/0fn] s’g} sfg”g of] ;+ljwfg;Fu aflemPsf] x’Fbf ;f] sfg”g jf To;sf] s’g} efu
ab/ 3f]lift u/L kfpF egL s’g} klg g]kfnL gful/sn] ;jf]{Rr cbfntdf lgj]bg lbg ;Sg]5
/ ;f] cg’;f/ s’g} sfg”g ;+ljwfg;Fu aflemPsf] b]lvPdf ;f] sfg “gnfO{ k|f/Deb]lv g} jf
lg0f{o ePsf] ldltb]lv cdfGo / ab/ 3f]lift ug]{ c;fwf/0f clwsf/ ;jf]{Rr cbfntnfO{
x’g]5 . -@_ o; ;+ljwfgåf/f k|bQ df}lns xssf] k|rngsf] nflu jf csf ]{ pkrf/sf] Joj:yf gePsf] jf csf]{ pkrf/sf] Joj:yf eP klg ;f] pkrf / ckof{Kt jf k|efjxLg
b]lvPsf] cGo s’g} sfg”gL xssf] k|rngsf] nflu jf ;fj{hlgs xs jf ;/f]sf/sf] s’g}
ljjfbdf ;dfj]z ePsf] s’g} ;+j}wflgs jf sfg”gL k|Zgsf] lg¿k0 fsf] nflu cfjZos /
pko’Qm cfb]z hf/L u/L To:tf] xssf] k|rng u/fpg] jf ljjfb 6’Ëf] nufpg] c;fwf/0f
clwsf/ ;jf]{Rr cbfntnfO{ x’g]5 . ;f] k|of]hgsf] nflu k”0f{ ¿ kdf Gofo u/L plrt pkrf/
k|bfg ug{ ;jf]{Rr cbfntn] aGbLk|ToIfLs/0f, k/dfb]z, pTk|]if 0f, k|ltif]w, clwsf/k[R5f
nufot h’g;’s} pko’Qm cfb]z hf/L ug{ ;Sg]5 . t/ clwsf/ If]qsf] cefj ePsf]df afx]s Joj:yflksf–;+;bn ] rnfPsf] ljz]ifflwsf/sf] sf/afxL / tT;DaGwdf tf]s]sf] ;hfodf o; p kwf/f cGtu{t ;jf]{Rr
cbfntn] x:tIf]k ug]{ 5}g . -#_ ;jf]{Rr cbfntnfO{ sfg”gdf Joj:yf eP adf]lhd z’? d’2f x]g]{, k’g/fj]bg
;’Gg], ;fws hfFRg], d’2f bf]x¥ofpg] jf lgj]bg ;’Gg] clwsf/ x’g]5 .

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-$_ ;jf]{Rr cbfntn] sfg”gåf/f tf]lsPsf cj:yf / zt{df cfk mgf] km};nf jf
clGtd cfb]zsf] k’g/fjnf]sg ug{ ;Sg]5 . o;/L k’g/fjnf]sg ub f{ klxnf km};nf ubf{sf
GofofwLz afx]s cGo GofofwLzn] ug]{5g . -%_ ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] cGo clwsf/ tyf sfo{ljlw sfg”gåf/f tf]lsP adf]lhd
x’g]5 .
!)*=
!)*= !)*=
!)*=

k’g/fj]bg cbfnt tyf lhNnf cbfntsf] :yfkgf, Joj:yf / c
lwsf/ If]q
k’g/fj]bg cbfnt tyf lhNnf cbfntsf] :yfkgf, Joj:yf / cl wsf/ If]q
k’g/fj]bg cbfnt tyf lhNnf cbfntsf] :yfkgf, Joj:yf / cl wsf/ If]q
k’g/fj]bg cbfnt tyf lhNnf cbfntsf] :yfkgf, Joj:yf / cl
wsf/ If]q
M
MM
M o; ;+ljwfgsf] cwLgdf /xL k’g/fj]bg cbfnt, lhNnf cbfnt tyf ;jf]{Rr cbf nt dftxtsf cGo cbfnt
tyf Goflos lgsfox¿sf] :yfkgf / Joj:yf sfg”gåf/f lgwf {/0f ul/g]5 .
!)(=
!)(= !)(=
!)(=

k’g/fj]bg cbfnt / lhNnf cbfntsf] GofofwLzsf] lgo’lQm, o
f]Uotf / ;]jfsf zt{ tyf
k’g/fj]bg cbfnt / lhNnf cbfntsf] GofofwLzsf] lgo’lQm, of ]Uotf / ;]jfsf zt{ tyf
k’g/fj]bg cbfnt / lhNnf cbfntsf] GofofwLzsf] lgo’lQm, of ]Uotf / ;]jfsf zt{ tyf
k’g/fj]bg cbfnt / lhNnf cbfntsf] GofofwLzsf] lgo’lQm, of
]Uotf / ;]jfsf zt{ tyf
;’ljwfx¿
;’ljwfx¿ ;’ljwfx¿
;’ljwfx¿ M
MM
M

-!_ k|wfg GofofwLzn] Gofo kl/ifbsf] l;kmfl/;df k’g/fj
]bg cbfntsf] d’Vo
GofofwLz / GofofwLz tyf lhNnf cbfntsf] GofofwLzsf] l go’lQm ug{]5 .
-@_ sfg”gdf :gftsf]kflw k|fKt u/L lhNnf GofofwLz jf G ofo ;]jfsf] /fhkqflÍt k|yd >]0fLsf] kbdf sDtLdf ;ft jif{ sfd u/]sf] j f sfg”gdf :gfts jl/i7
clwjQmf jf clwjQmfsf] ¿kdf sDtLdf b; jif{ jsfnt u/]sf] jf sDtLdf b; jif{ sfg”gsf] cWofkg, cGj]if0f jf sfg”g jf Gofo ;DaGwL cGo s’g} If]qdf sfd u/]sf] g]kfnL gful/s
k’g/fj]bg cbfntsf] d’Vo GofofwLz jf GofofwLzsf] kbdf l go’lQmsf] nflu of]Uo dflgg]5 .
-#_ sfg”gdf :gftsf]kflw k|fKt u/L Gofo ;]jfsf] /fhkqflÍt låtLo >]0fLsf] kbdf sDtLdf tLg jif{ sfd u/]sf] jf sfg”gdf :gfts clwjQm fsf] ¿kdf sDtLdf cf7 jif{
jsfnt u/]sf] g]kfnL gful/s lhNnf GofofwLzsf] kbdf lgo’l Qmsf] nflu of]Uo dflgg]5 .
-$_ pkwf/f -#_ adf]lhd sfg”gdf :gfts clwjQmfnfO{ lhNn f GofofwLzdf
lgo’lQm ubf{ Gofo kl/ifbaf6 lnOg] lnlvt / df}lvs k/LIff af6 pQL0f{ ePsf JolQmnfO{
lgo’lQm ul/g]5 . To:tf] k/LIff k|0ffnL / cGo sfo{ljlw sf g”gåf/f lgwf{/0f eP adf]lhd
x’g]5 . -%_ Gofo kl/ifbn] o; wf/f adf]lhd of]Uo ePsf] JolQmnfO { of]Uotf, Ifdtf,
cg’ej, Gofo k|ltsf] lgi7f / of]ubfg, ;fj{hlgs hLjgdf cfh {g u/]sf] VoftL, pRr g}lts
rl/q ;d]tnfO{ ljrf/ u/L k’g/fj]bg cbfnt tyf lhNnf cbfnt sf] GofofwLzsf] kbdf
lgo’lQmsf] nflu l;kmfl/; ug{]5 . -^_ of] wf/f jf o; kl5sf cGo wf/fx¿df k|of]u ePsf] GofofwLz eGg] zAbn] ljifo jf k|;Ëaf6 csf]{ cy{ gnfu]df cltl/Qm GofofwLz ;d]t nfO{ hgfpg]5 .

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www.lawcommission.gov.np 41
-&_ k’g/fj]bg cbfntsf] d’Vo GofofwLz, GofofwLz tyf lh Nnf cbfntsf] GofofwLzsf] kfl/>lds, eQf, lgj[lQe/0f, labf, pkbfg / ;]jfsf cGo ;’ljwf / ;]jfsf cGo
zt{x¿ sfg”gåf/f lgwf{/0f eP adf]lhd x’g]5g . -*_ k’g/fj]bg cbfntsf] d’Vo GofofwLz / GofofwLz tyf l hNnf cbfntsf] GofofwLznfO{ dsf{ kg]{ u/L lghsf] kfl/>lds, ;’ljwf / ;]jfs f zt{ ablng] 5|}g .
-(_ pkwf/f -&_ df h’g;’s} s’/f n]lvPsf] ePtfklg pkwf/f – !)_ sf] v08 -u_
adf]lhd kbd’Qm ePsf] k’g/fj]bg cbfnt tyf lhNnf cbfntsf] G ofofwLzn] pkbfg tyf
lgj[lQe/0f kfpg] 5}g .
-!)_ b]xfosf cj:yfdf k’g/fj]bg cbfnt jf lhNnf cbfntsf] G ofofwLz cfˆgf] kbaf6 d’Qm ePsf] dflgg]5M– -s_ lghn] k|wfg GofofwLz ;dIf lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf,
-v_ lghsf] lq;¶L jif{sf] pd]/ k”/f ePdf,
-u_ sfo{Ifdtfsf] cefj, v/fa cfr/0f, OdfGbf/Lk”j{s cfˆg f] kbLo st{Josf] kfng gu/]sf], zf/Ll/s jf dfgl;s sf/0fn] sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug { c;dy{
ePsf], Gofodf ljrlnt ePsf] eGg] cfwf/df kbd’Qm ug]{ e gL Gofo
kl/ifbsf] lg0f{o adf]lhd k|wfg GofofwLzaf6 kbd’Qm eP df,
o; v08 adf]lhd cf/f]k nfu]sf] k’g/fj]bg cbfnt tyf lh Nnf
cbfntsf] GofofwLznfO{ cfˆgf] ;kmfO{ k]z ug{ dgfl;a df}sf l bOg]5 / ;f] k|of]hgsf] nflu lgh;Fu aofg lng, k|df0f ;Íng ug{ / /fo ; lxtsf] k|ltj]bg k]z ug{ Gofo kl/ifbn] hfFra’em ;ldlt u7g ug{ ;Sg]5 . ;f] ;ldltsf] sfo{ljlw sfg”gåf/f lgwf{l/t x’g]5 .
-3_ lghsf] d[To’ ePdf . -!!_ pkwf/f -!)_ sf] v08 -u_ adf]lhd sf/afxL k|f/De e Pkl5 ;f] sf/afxLsf] 6’Ëf] gnfu];Dd cf/f]k nfu]sf] To:tf] k’g/fj]bg cbfnt tyf lhNnf cbfntsf] GofofwLzn] cfˆgf] kbsf] sfo{ ug]{ 5}g .
!!)=
!!)= !!)=
!!)=

k’g/fj]bg cbfnt tyf lhNn
k’g/fj]bg cbfnt tyf lhNnk’g/fj]bg cbfnt tyf lhNn
k’g/fj]bg cbfnt tyf lhNnf cbfntsf] GofofwLznfO{ cGo s’g}
kbdf ;?jf ug{ jf sfddf
f cbfntsf] GofofwLznfO{ cGo s’g} kbdf ;?jf ug{ jf sfddf f cbfntsf] GofofwLznfO{ cGo s’g} kbdf ;?jf ug{ jf sfddf
f cbfntsf] GofofwLznfO{ cGo s’g} kbdf ;?jf ug{ jf sfddf
nufpg gx’g] nufpg gx’g] nufpg gx’g] nufpg gx’g] M
MM
M

-!_ s’g} GofofwLznfO{ GofofwLzsf] kbdf afx]s cGo s’g} kb
df ;?jf ul/g],
sfd nufOg] jf sfhdf v6fOg] 5}g . t/ g]kfn ;/sf/n] Gofo kl/ifb\;Fu k/fdz{ lnO{ k’g/fj]bg tyf lhNnf cbfntsf] GofofwLznfO{ Goflos hfFra’emsf] sfddf jf s]xL vf; cjlws f] nflu sfg”g jf Gofo
;DaGwL cg’;Gwfg, cGj]if0f jf /fli6«o ;/f]sf/sf] cGo s’g} s fddf v6fpg ;Sg]5 .

www.lawcommission.gov.np
www.lawcommission.gov.np 42
k’g/fj]bg cbfnt jf lhNnf cbfntsf] GofofwLzsf] xsdf k|w fg GofofwLzn] Gofo kl/ifb\;Fu
k/fdz{ u/L plNnlvt sfd / lgjf{rg h:tf sfddf nufpg ;Sg ]5 .
-@_ Gofo kl/ifb\sf] l;kmfl/;df k|wfg GofofwLzn] k’g/fj]bg cbfnt tyf lhNnf
cbfntsf] GofofwLznfO{ Ps cbfntaf6 csf]{ cbfntsf] Gofofw Lzdf ;?jf ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-#_ d’2fsf] ;+Vof / Goflos lg¿k0f ul/g’ kg]{ ljjfbsf] lji fo ;d]tsf] cfwf/df
s’g} cbfntsf] GofofwLznfO{ s]xL ;dosf] nflu ;dfg txsf] c Go cbfntdf GofofwLz eO{
sfd sfh ug{ k|wfg GofofwLzn] k7fpg ;Sg]5 . -$_ s’g} If]qdf /x]sf GofofwLznfO{ ef}uf]lns b[li6n] glhssf] If]qsf] ;dfg txsf] cGo cbfntdf /x]sf] d’2fsf] sf/afxLsf]] qmddf sfg”gdf Joj: yf eP adf]lhd ljB’tLo
pks/0fsf] dfWodaf6 jf cGo dfWodaf6 k|f/lDes tyf cGtl/ d cfb]z lbg] clwsf/ ;jf]{Rr
cbfntn] k|bfg ug{ ;Sg]5 .
!!!=
!!!= !!!=
!!!=

d’2f ;fg{ ;Sg] d’2f ;fg{ ;Sg]d’2f ;fg{ ;Sg] d’2f ;fg{ ;Sg] M
MM
M s’g} cbfntdf bfo/ ePsf] d’2f ;f] cbfntaf6 ;’g’jfO{ x’Fbf Go
fo k|efljt
x’g] cj:yf 5 eGg] sf/0f;Fu ;jf]{Rr cbfnt ;Gt’i6 ePdf To:t f] d’2f ;dfg txsf] cGo
cbfntaf6 ;’g’jfO{ ug{ ;jf]{Rr cbfntn] cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 .
!!@=
!!@= !!@=
!!@=

k|wfg GofofwLzsf] lhDd]jf/L
k|wfg GofofwLzsf] lhDd]jf/Lk|wfg GofofwLzsf] lhDd]jf/L
k|wfg GofofwLzsf] lhDd]jf/L
M
MM
M d’n’ssf] Gofo k|zf;gnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg] clGtd lhDd]jf
/L
k|wfg GofofwLzsf] x’g]5 / ;f] k|of]hgsf] nflu lghn] o; ;+lj wfg tyf cGo sfg”gsf] cwLgdf /xL ;jf{]Rr cbfnt tyf dftxtsf cbfntnfO{ cfjZos lgb{]zg lbg ;Sg]5 .
!!#=
!!#= !!#=
!!#=

Gofo kl/ifb
Gofo kl/ifbGofo kl/ifb
Gofo kl/ifb
\

\
M
MM
M

-!_ o; ;+ljwfg adf]lhd GofofwLzx¿sf] lgo’lQm, ;?jf, cg
‘zf;g ;DaGwL
sf/afxL, avf{;L / Gofo k|zf;g ;DaGwL cGo s’/fx¿sf] l;k mfl/; ug{ jf k/fdz{ lbg Pp6f
Gofo kl/ifb\ /xg]5 h;df b]xfo adf]lhd cWoIf / ;b:ox¿ x ‘g]5gM–
-s_ k|wfg GofofwLz – cWoIf
-v_ Gofo dGqL – ;b:o
-u_ ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf jl/i7td GofofwLz Pshgf – ;b:o
s-3_ /fi6«kltn] k|wfgdGqLsf] l;kmfl/;df dgf]gLt
u/]sf] Pshgf sfg”gljb – ;b:o
-ª_ g]kfn af/ Pzf]l;Pzgsf] l;kmfl/;df k|wfg GofofwLzå f/f lgo’Qm
jl/i7 clwjQmf jf sDtLdf aL; jif{sf] cg’ej k|fKt clwjQm f –
;b:o
:ki6Ls/0fM :ki6Ls/0fM:ki6Ls/0fM
:ki6Ls/0fM
o; efusf] k|of]hgsf nflu ædGqLÆ eGgfn] :jtGq sfo{ef/
ePsf] /fHo dGqL ;d]tnfO{ hgfpg]5 .
s kfFrf} ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

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www.lawcommission.gov.np 43
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ sf] v08 -3_ / -ª_ adf]lhdsf] ;b:osf] kbf jlw rf/ jif{sf] x’g]5 /
lghsf] kfl/>lds tyf ;’ljwf ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] GofofwLzsf ] ;/x x’g]5 .
-#_ pkwf/f -!_ sf] v08 -3_ / -ª_ adf]lhdsf] ;b:onfO{ ;j f]{Rr cbfntsf] GofofwLz ;/x ;dfg cfwf/df / ;dfg tl/sfn] ;f] kbaf6 x 6fpg ;lsg]5 .
-$_ Gofo kl/ifb\sf] cWoIf nufotsf ;b:on] s’g} GofofwLzsf ] ;DaGwdf kg{
cfPsf] ph’/L;Fu ;Da4 d’2fsf sfuhft tyf kmfon dufO{ cWoog u/L Gofo kl/ifbdf
To;sf] hfgsf/L lbg ;Sg]5 . -%_ s’g} GofofwLzsf] ljifodf kg{ cfPsf] ph’/Lsf] ;DaGwdf k |f/lDes 5fglag
u/fpFbf ljz]if1af6 lj:t[t 5fglag ug'{ kg{] b]lvPdf Gofo kl/ ifbn] hfFra’em ;ldlt u7g
ug{ ;Sg]5 . -^_ Gofo kl/ifb\sf] cGo sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ sfg”gåf/f lgwf{/0f eP adf]lhd
x’g]5 .
!!$=
!!$= !!$=
!!$=

Gofo ;]jf cfof]u
Gofo ;]jf cfof]uGofo ;]jf cfof]u
Gofo ;]jf cfof]u
M
MM
M

-!_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] sfg”g adf]lhd Gofo ;]jfsf] /fhkqflÍt k
bdf lgo’lQm,
;?jf, a9’jf ubf{ jf To:tf] kbdf axfn /x]sf] s’g} sd{rf/LnfO { ljefuLo ;hfo ubf{ Gofo
;]jf cfof]usf] l;kmfl/; adf]lhd ug]{5 . t/ ;/sf/L ;]jfdf axfn g/x]sf] JolQmnfO{ Gofo ;]jfsf] /f hkqflÍt kbdf gofF
egf{åf/f :yfoL lgo’lQm ubf{ jf Gofo ;]jfsf] /fhkq cglÍt kbaf6 Gofo ;]jfsf] /fhkqflÍt
kbdf a9’jf ubf{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] l;kmfl/ ; adf]lhd ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ Gofo ;]jf cfof]udf b]xfo adf]lhdsf cWoIf / ;b:ox¿ x’g]5g M–
-s_ k|wfg GofofwLz – cWoIf
-v_ Gofo dGqL – ;b:o
-u_ ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] jl/i7td GofofwLz – ;b:o
-3_ nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] cWoIf – ;b:o
-ª_ dxfGofoflwjQmf – ;b:o
-#_ Gofo ;]jf cfof]usf] cGo sfd, st{Jo, clwsf/ / sfo {ljlw sfg”gåf/f
lgwf{/0f eP adf]lhd x’g]5 .
!!%=
!!%= !!%=
!!%=

cbfntnfO{ ;xof]u ug'{ kg]{
cbfntnfO{ ;xof]u ug'{ kg]{cbfntnfO{ ;xof]u ug'{ kg]{
cbfntnfO{ ;xof]u ug'{ kg]{
M
MM
M Gofo ;Dkfbgsf] sfo{df ;jf]{Rr cbfnt / cGo cbfntx¿nfO
{
;xof]u ug'{ g]kfn ;/sf/ / dftxtsf ;a} sfof{no jf kbflwsf/ Lx¿sf] st{Jo x’g]5 .
!!^=
!!^= !!^=
!!^=

cbfntsf] cfb]z / lg0f{onfO{ dfGg’ kg{] cbfntsf] cfb]z / lg0f{onfO{ dfGg’ kg{]cbfntsf] cfb]z / lg0f{onfO{ dfGg’ kg{] cbfntsf] cfb]z / lg0f{onfO{ dfGg’ kg{] M
MM
M

-!_ d’2f dfldnfsf] /f]xdf cbfntn] lbPsf] cfb]z
jf lg0f{osf] ;a}n] kfng ug'{ kg]{5 .

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-@_ d’2f dfldnfsf /f]xdf ;jf]{Rr cbfntn] u/]sf] sfg”gs f] JofVof jf k|ltkfbg
u/]sf] sfg”gL l;4fGt g]kfn ;/sf/ tyf ;a} c88f cbfntx¿n] d fGg’ kg]{5 .
!!&=
!!&= !!&=
!!&=

jflif{s k|ltj]bgM
jflif{s k|ltj]bgMjflif{s k|ltj]bgM
jflif{s k|ltj]bgM

-!_ ;jf]{Rr cbfntn] k|To]s jif{ cfˆgf] jflif{s k|ltj]bg 4/fi6«klt
;dIf k]z ug]{5 / 4/fi6«kltn] k|wfgdGqL dfkm{t To:tf] k|ltj]bg Joj:yflksf–;+;b ;dIf
k]z ug]{ Joj:yf ug{]5 . -@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd k]z ul/g] jflif{s k|ltj]bgdf cGo s ‘/fx¿sf] cltl/Qm
b]xfosf] ljj/0f v’nfpg’ kg]{5M– -s_ ;jf{]Rr cbfnt / dftxtsf cbfntdf btf{ ePsf d’2fsf] ; +VofTds
ljj/0f,
-v_ v08 -s_ df pNn]v eP adf]lhd btf{ ePsf d’2f dWo] km 5of{}6 ePsf /
gePsf d’2fsf] ;+Vof / km5of{}6 x’g g;s]sf] sf/0f,
-u_ ;jf]{Rr cbfntaf6 k|ltkfbg ePsf gofF ghL/x¿sf] ljj /0f,
-3_ ;jf{]Rr cbfntaf6 k’g/fjnf]sg ePsf] d”2fsf] ;+Vof,
-ª_ ;jf{]Rr cbfntn] dftxtsf cbfntsf] s’g} GofofwLzsf] Gof o
;Dkfbgsf] ;DaGwdf sfo{Ifdtf ;DaGwL ljifodf s’g} Goflos l6Kk0fL
u/]sf] eP ;f]sf] ljj/0f,
-r_ b08 jf hl/jfgf c;’n pk/ ePsf] /sdsf] ljj/0f,
-5_ km};nf sfof{Gjog ;DaGwL ljj/0f,
-h_ ;jf{]Rr cbfnt tyf dftxtsf cbfntnfO{ ljlgof]hg ePsf ] ah]6 /
vr{sf] ljj/0f .
-#_ ;jf{]Rr cbfntn] pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhdsf] k|ltj]bg k]z ubf{ Gofo kl/ifb /
Gofo;]jf cfof]uaf6 ePsf sfd sf/afxLsf] ljj/0f ;d]t pN n]v ug'{ kg{]5 .
!!*=
!!*= !!*=
!!*=

;+ljwfg ;ef ;DaGwL cbfntM
;+ljwfg ;ef ;DaGwL cbfntM;+ljwfg ;ef ;DaGwL cbfntM
;+ljwfg ;ef ;DaGwL cbfntM

-!_ lgjf{rg ;DaGwL ph’/L x]g{ Ps ;+ljwfg ;ef cbfnt
u7g ul/g]5 . -@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhdsf] ;+ljwfg ;ef cbfntsf] u7g, If]q flwsf/ / cGo
ljifox¿ sfg”gåf/f lgwf{/0f eP adf]lhd x’g]5 . -#_ o; ;+ljwfgdf cGoq h’g;’s} s’/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg pkwf/ f -!_
adf]lhdsf] cbfntdf sfg”gåf/f tf]lsP adf]lhd ph’/ gk/L ;+lj wfg ;ef ;b:osf nflu
ePsf] s’g} lgjf{rg ;DaGwdf s’g} cbfntdf k|Zg p7fpg ;lsg] 5 }g .
4 rf}+yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

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-$_ o; ;+ljwfgdf cGoq h’g;’s} s’/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ;+ljwf g ;efsf] lgjf{rg k|s[of k|f/De ePkl5 lgjf{rg cj?4 x’g] u/L s’g} cbfnt df k|Zg p7fpg ;lsg] 5}g .
efu !
efu ! efu !
efu !!
!!
!

clVtof/ b’¿kof]u cg’;Gwfg cfof]u
clVtof/ b’¿kof]u cg’;Gwfg cfof]u clVtof/ b’¿kof]u cg’;Gwfg cfof]u
clVtof/ b’¿kof]u cg’;Gwfg cfof]u

!!(=
!!(= !!(=
!!(=

clVtof/ b’¿kof]u cg’;Gwfg cfof]u
clVtof/ b’¿kof]u cg’;Gwfg cfof]uclVtof/ b’¿kof]u cg’;Gwfg cfof]u
clVtof/ b’¿kof]u cg’;Gwfg cfof]u M
MM
M

-!_ g]kfndf Ps clVtof/ b’¿kof]u cg’;Gwfg cfof]u
/xg]5 h;df k|d’v cfo’Qm / cfjZos ;+Vofdf cGo cfo’Qmx¿ /x g]5g . k|d’v cfo’Qmsf
cltl/Qm cGo cfo’Qm lgo’Qm ePdf k|d’v cfo’Qmn] clVtof/ b’¿k of]u cg’;Gwfg cfof]usf] cWoIf eO{ sfd ug]{5 . -@_
4/fi6«kltn]] ;+j}wflgs kl/ifbsf] l;kmfl/;df k|d’v cfo’Qm / cGo
cfo’Qmx¿sf] lgo’lQm ug{]5 . -#_ pkwf/f -&_ sf] k|ltjGwfTds jfSof+zsf] v08 -s_ sf] c wLgdf /xL k|d’v
cfo’Qm / cGo cfo’Qmx¿sf] kbfjlw lgo’lQmsf] ldltn] 5 jif{sf ] x’g]5 .
t/, -s_ ;f] kbfjlw k”/f x’g’ cufj} k|d’v cfo’Qm jf cfo’Qmsf] pd ]/ k}+;¶L jif{
k”/f ePdf lgh cfˆgf] kbdf axfn /xg] 5}g .
-v_ k|d’v cfo’Qm / cfo’QmnfO{ ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] GofofwLz ; /x ;dfg
cfwf/df / ;dfg tl/sfn] ;f] kbaf6 x6fpg ;lsg]5 .
-$_ b]xfosf cj:yfdf k|d’v cfo’Qm jf cfo’Qmsf] kb l/Qm ePsf] dflgg]5M–
-s_ lghn] 4/fi6«klt ;dIf lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf,
-v_ pkwf/f -#_ adf]lhd lghsf] kbfjlw k”/f ePdf jf lgh cfˆgf] kbdf g/x]df, -u_ lghsf] d[To’ ePdf .
-%_ b]xfo adf]lhdsf] of]Uotf geO{ s’g} JolQm k|d’v cfo’Q m jf cfo’Qmsf] kbdf
lgo’lQmsf] nflu of]Uo x’g] 5}g M– -s_ g]kfn ;/sf/åf/f dfGotf k|fKt ljZjljBfnoaf6 :gfts f]kflw
k|fKt u/]sf],
-v_ lgo’lQm x’Fbfsf avt s’g} /fhg}lts bnsf] ;b:o g/x]sf],
-u_ n]vf, /fhZj, OlGhlgol/Ë, sfg”g, ljsf; jf cg’;Gwfg sf] If]qdf
sDtLdf aL; jif{ sfd u/L cg’ej / Voflt k|fKt u/]sf],
4 rf}+yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

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-3_ k}+tfnL; jif{ pd]/ k”/f ePsf], /
-ª_ pRr g}lts rl/q sfod ePsf] .
-^_ k|d’v cfo’Qm / cfo’Qmsf] kfl/>lds / ;]jfsf cGo zt{x¿ sfg”gåf/f
lgwf{/0f eP adf]lhd x’g]5g . k|d’v cfo’Qm / cfo’Qm cfˆgf] k bdf axfn /x];Dd lghnfO{
dsf{ kg]{ u/L kfl/>lds / ;]jfsf cGo zt{x¿ ablng] 5}gg . -&_ k|d’v cfo’Qm jf cfo’Qm eO;s]sf] JolQm cGo ;/sf/L ;]jf df lgo’Qm x’gsf] lgldQ u|fXo x’g] 5}g .
t/,
-s_ clVtof/ b’¿kof]u cg’;Gwfg cfof]usf] cfo’QmnfO{ k|d’v cfo’Qmsf] kbdf lgo’Qm ug{ o; pkwf/fn] jfwf k’¥ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g / ;f ] adf]lhd s’g} cfo’Qm k|d’v cfo’Qmsf] kbdf lgo’Qm ePsf]df
lghsf] kbfjlwsf] u0fgf ubf{ cfo’Qm ePsf] cjlwnfO{ ;d]t hf]8L
u0fgf ul/g]5 .
-v_ s’g} /fhg}lts kbdf jf s’g} ljifosf] cg’;Gwfg, hfFra’em j f
5fglag ug]{ jf s’g} ljifosf] cWoog jf cGj]if0f u/L /fo, d GtJo
jf l;kmfl/; k]z ug]{ s’g} kbdf lgo’Qm eO{ sfd ug{ o;
pkwf/fdf n]lvPsf] s’g} s’/fn] jfwf k’¥ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
!@)=
!@)= !@)=
!@)=

clVtof/ b’¿kof]u cg’;Gwfg cfof]usf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/
clVtof/ b’¿kof]u cg’;Gwfg cfof]usf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/clVtof/ b’¿kof]u cg’;Gwfg cfof]usf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/
clVtof/ b’¿kof]u cg’;Gwfg cfof]usf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/
M
MM
M

-!_ s’g} ;fj{hlgs kb
wf/0f u/]sf] JolQmn] cg’lrt sfo{ jf e|i6frf/ u/L clVtof/s f] b’¿kof]u u/]sf] ;DaGwdf
clVtof/ b’¿kof]u cg’;Gwfg cfof]un] sfg”g adf]lhd cg’;Gwfg / txlssft ug{ jf
u/fpg ;Sg]5 .
t/ o; ;+ljwfgdf 5’66} Joj:yf ePsf] kbflwsf/L / cGo sf g”gn] 5’66} ljz]if
Joj:yf ePsf] kbflwsf/Lsf] xsdf of] pkwf/f nfu” x’g] 5}g . -@_ v/fa cfr/0fsf cfwf/df dxfleof]u k|:tfj kfl/t eO{ k bd’Qm x’g] ;+j}wflgs kbflwsf/Lx¿, Gofo kl/ifbaf6 ;f]xL cleof]udf k bd’Qm x’g] GofofwLzx¿ /
;}lgs P]g adf]lhd sf/afxL x’g] JolQmsf xsdf lghnfO{ kbd’Qm eO;s]kl5 sfg”g
adf]lhd cg’;Gwfg / txlssft ug{ u/fpg ;lsg]5 . -#_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd ePsf] cg’;Gwfg / txlssftaf6
;fj{hlgs kb wf/0f u/]sf] s’g} JolQmn] sfg”g adf]lhd cg’lr t sfo{ dflgg] s’g} sfd
u/L clVtof/sf] b’¿kof]u u/]sf] b]lvPdf clVtof/ b’¿kof]u cg’;Gwfg cfof]un]

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lghnfO{ ;r]t u/fpg, ljefuLo sf/afxL jf sfg”gdf Joj:yf eP adf]lhd cGo
cfjZos sf/afxLsf] nflu clVtof/jfnf ;dIf n]vL k7fpg ; Sg]5 .
-$_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd ePsf] cg’;Gwfg / txlssftaf6 ;fj {hlgs
kb wf/0f u/]sf] s’g} JolQmn] sfg”g adf]lhd e|i6frf/ dflgg] s’g} sfd u/]sf] b]lvPdf
clVtof/ b’¿kof]u cg’;Gwfg cfof]un] To:tf] JolQm / ;f] ck /fwdf ;+nUg cGo JolQm
pk/ sfg”g adf]lhd clwsf/ k|fKt cbfntdf d’2f bfo/ ug{ jf u/fpg ;Sg]5 .
-%_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd ePsf] cg’;Gwfg / txlssftaf6 ;fj {hlgs
kb wf/0f u/]sf] JolQmsf] sfd sf/afxL cGo clwsf/L jf l gsfosf] clwsf/ If]q cGtu{t
kg{] k|s[ltsf] b]lvPdf clVtof/ b’¿kof]u cg’;Gwfg cfof]un] cfj Zos sf/afxLsf] nflu
;DalGwt clwsf/L jf lgsfo ;dIf n]vL k7fpg ;Sg]5 . -^_ o; ;+ljwfgsf] cwLgdf /xL clVtof/ b’¿kof]u cg’;Gwfg
cfof]usf] cGo sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ tyf sfo{ljlw sfg”gåf/f Joj:yf eP adf]lhd
x’g]5 . -&_ cg’;Gwfg / txlssft ug]{ jf d’2f rnfpg] cfˆgf] sfd, s t{Jo /
clwsf/dWo] s’g} sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ clVtof/ b’¿kof]u cg’;G wfg cfof]un] k|d’v
cfo’Qm, cfo’Qm jf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] sd{rf/LnfO{ tf]lsPsf] zt{sf ] cwLgdf /xL k|of]u tyf
kfng ug{ kfpg] u/L ;’Dkg ;Sg]5 .
!@!=
!@!= !@!=
!@!=

jflif{s k|ltj]bg
jflif{s k|ltj]bgjflif{s k|ltj]bg
jflif{s k|ltj]bg
M
MM
M

-!_ o; ;+ljwfg adf]lhd clVtof/ b’¿kof]u cg’;Gwfg cfo
f]un] cfk”mn] u/]sf] sfdsf] jflif{s k|ltj]bg
4/fi6«klt ;dIf k]z ug{]5 / 4/fi6«kltn] k|wfgdGqL
dfkm{t To:tf] k|ltj]bg Joj:yflksf–;+;b ;dIf k]z ug]{ Joj:yf ug {]5 .
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd k]z ul/g] k|ltj]bgdf cGo s’/fsf] c ltl/Qm clVtof/
b’¿kof]u cg’;Gwfg cfof]udf jif{e/L k/]sf ph’/L, cg’;Gwfg tx lssft u/L sfg”g adf]lhd
clwsf/ k|fKt cbfntdf bfo/ u/]sf] / tfd]nLdf /fv]sf] d’2 fsf] ;+Vof, cg’lrt sfo{ u/]sf]df
;r]t u/fPsf] jf ljefuLo sf/afxL jf cGo sf/afxLsf nflu n]vL k7fPsf] ;+Vof, e|i6frf/
lgjf/0fsf ;DaGwdf ePsf] pknlAw tyf ;f] ;DaGwdf eljiod f ug'{ kg{] ;’wf/sf] ljj/0f
pNn]v ug'{ kg{]5 .
efu !@
efu !@ efu !@
efu !@

dx
dxdx
dxfn]vfk/LIfs
fn]vfk/LIfsfn]vfk/LIfs
fn]vfk/LIfs

!@@=
!@@= !@@=
!@@=

dxfn]vfk/LIfsM
dxfn]vfk/LIfsMdxfn]vfk/LIfsM
dxfn]vfk/LIfsM

-!_ g]kfndf Ps dxfn]vfk/LIfs x’g]5 .
-@_
4/fi6«kltn] ;+j}wflgs kl/ifbsf] l;kmfl/;df dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] lgo’l Qm ug{]5 .
4 rf}+yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

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-#_ pkwf/f -&_ sf] k|ltjGwfTds jfSof+zsf] cwLgdf /xL dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] kbfjlw
lgo’lQmsf] ldltn] 5 jif{sf] x’g]5 . t/, -s_ ;f] kbfjlw k”/f x’g’ cufj} dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] pd]/ k}+;¶L jif{ k”/f ePdf lgh
cfˆgf] kbdf axfn /xg] 5}g .
-v_ dxfn]vfk/LIfsnfO{ ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] GofofwLz ;/x ;d fg cfwf/df /
;dfg tl/sfn] ;f] kbaf6 x6fpg ;lsg]5 .
-$_ b]xfosf cj:yfdf dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] kb l/Qm ePsf] d flgg]5 M–
-s_ lghn] 4/fi6«klt ;dIf lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf,
-v_ pkwf/f -#_ adf]lhd lghsf] kbfjlw k”/f ePdf jf lgh cfˆgf] kbdf
g/x]df,
-u_ lghsf] d[To’ ePdf .
-%_ b]xfo adf]lhdsf] of]Uotf geO{ s’g} JolQm dxfn]vfk/L Ifssf] kbdf lgo’lQmsf] nflu of]Uo x’g] 5}g M– -s_ g]kfn ;/sf/åf/f dfGotf k|fKt ljZjljBfnoaf6 Joj:y fkg, jfl0fHozf:q
jf n]vfdf :gftsf]kflw k|fKt u/L jf rf6{8{ PsfpG6]G;L k /LIff pQL0f{ u/L
g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ljlzi6 >]0fLdf sfd u/]sf] jf n]vf k/LIf0f ;DaGwL
sfddf sDtLdf aL; jif{ cg’ej k|fKt u/]sf],
-v_ lgo’lQm x’Fbfsf avt s’g} /fhg}lts bnsf] ;b:o g/x]sf],
-u_ k}+tfnL; jif{ pd]/ k”/f ePsf], /
-3_ pRr g}lts rl/q sfod ePsf] .
-^_ dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] kfl/>lds / ;]jfsf cGo zt{x¿ sf g”gåf/f lgwf{/0f eP
adf]lhd x’g]5g . dxfn]vfk/LIfs cfˆgf] kbdf axfn /x];Dd lghnfO{ dsf{ kg]{ u/L
kfl/>lds / ;]jfsf cGo zt{x¿ ablng] 5}gg . -&_ dxfn]vfk/LIfs eO;s]sf] JolQm cGo ;/sf/L ;]jfdf lg o’Qm x’gsf] lgldQ
u|fXo x’g] 5}g .
t/ s’g} /fhg}lts kbdf jf s’g} ljifosf] cg’;Gwfg, hfFra’em jf 5fglag ug]{ jf
s’g} ljifosf] cWoog jf cGj]if0f u/L /fo, dGtJo jf l;kmf l/; k]z ug]{ s’g} kbdf lgo’Qm
eO{ sfd ug{ o; pkwf/fdf n]lvPsf] s’g} s’/fn] jfwf k’¥ofPsf] d flgg] 5}g .
4 rf}+yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

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www.lawcommission.gov.np 49
!@#=
!@#= !@#=
!@#=

dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/M
dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/Mdxfn]vfk/LIfssf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/M
dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/M

-!_ ;jf]{Rr cbfnt, Joj:yflksf–;+;b,
;+ljwfg ;ef, clVtof/ b’¿kof]u cg’;Gwfg cfof]u, dxfn]vfk/L Ifs, nf]s ;]jf cfof]u,
lgjf{rg cfof]u, /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u, dxfGofoflwj Qmfsf] sfof{no tyf cGo
;+j}wflgs lgsfosf] sfof{no / g]kfnL ;]gf Pj+ ;z:q k|x/L jf g]kfn k|x/L nufotsf ;a}
;/sf/L sfof{no / cbfntsf] n]vf sfg”gåf/f lgwf{l/t tl/sf adf]lhd lgoldttf,
ldtJolotf, sfo{bIftf, k|efjsfl/tf / cf}lrTo ;d]tsf] lj rf/ u/L dxfn]vfk/LIfsaf6
n]vfk/LIf0f x’g]5 . -@_ krf; k|ltzteGbf a9L z]o/ jf hfoh]yfdf g]kfn ;/sf/ sf] :jfldTj
ePsf] ;+ul7t ;+:yfsf] n]vfk/LIf0fsf] nflu n]vfk/LIfs lgo’Q m ubf{ dxfn]vfk/LIfs;Fu
k/fdz{ ul/g]5 . To:tf] ;+ul7t ;+:yfsf] n]vfk/LIf0f ubf{ ck gfpg’ kg]{ l;4fGtsf] ;DaGwdf
dxfn]vfk/LIfsn] cfjZos lgb]{zg lbg ;Sg]5 . -#_ dxfn]vfk/LIfsnfO{ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhdsf] sfdsf] nfl u n]vf ;DaGwL
sfuhkq h’g;’s} avt x]g{ kfpg] clwsf/ x’g]5 . ;f] cg’;f/ dxfn ]vfk/LIfs jf To;sf s’g}
sd{rf/Ln] dfu u/]sf] h’g;’s} sfuhkq tyf hfgsf/L pknAw u/fp g’ ;DalGwt sfof{no
k|d’vsf] st{Jo x’g]5 . -$_ pkwf/f -!_ cg’;f/ n]vfk/LIf0f ul/g] n]vf ;DalGwt s fg”gsf cwLgdf /xL
dxfn]vfk/LIfsåf/f tf]lsPsf] 9fFrfdf /flvg]5 . -%_ pkwf/f -!_ df pNn]v ePsf sfof{nox¿sf] n]vfsf cltl/Q m cGo s’g}
sfof{no jf ;+:yfsf] dxfn]vfk/LIfsaf6 n]vfk/LIf0f ug'{ k g]{ u/L sfg”gåf/f Joj:yf ug{
;lsg]5 .
!@$=
!@$= !@$=
!@$=

jflif{s k|ltj]bgM
jflif{s k|ltj]bgMjflif{s k|ltj]bgM
jflif{s k|ltj]bgM

-!_ dxfn]vfk/LIfsn] cfk”mn] u/]sf] sfdsf] jflif{s k|ltj]bg 4/fi6«klt
;dIf k]z ug{]5 /
4/fi6«kltn] k|wfgdGqL dfkm{t To:tf] k|ltj]bg Joj:yflksf–; +;b ;dIf
k]z ug]{ Joj:yf ug]{5 . -@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd k]z ul/g] k|ltj]bgdf cGo s’/fsf] cltl/Qm
dxfn]vfk/LIfsaf6 jif{e/Ldf n]vfk/LIf0f u/]sf lgsfos f] ljj/0f, n]vfk/LIf0faf6
b]lvPsf] a]?h’sf] l:ylt, a]?h’ km5of}{6 ug{ u/]sf] k|of; / a ]?h’ km5of}{6sf ;DaGwdf
k|fKt pknlAw tyf n]vfk/LIf0f ;DaGwdf eljiodf ug'{ kg {] ;’wf/sf] ljj/0f pNn]v ug'{
kg{]5 .
4 rf}+yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

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www.lawcommission.gov.np 50
efu !#
efu !# efu !#
efu !#

nf]s ;]jf cfof]u
nf]s ;]jf cfof]u nf]s ;]jf cfof]u
nf]s ;]jf cfof]u

!@%=
!@%= !@%=
!@%=

nf]s ;]jf cfof]uM
nf]s ;]jf cfof]uMnf]s ;]jf cfof]uM
nf]s ;]jf cfof]uM

-!_ g]kfndf Ps nf]s ;]jf cfof]u x’g]5 h;df cWoIf / cfjZ
ostf
cg’;f/ cGo ;b:ox¿ /xg]5g . -@_
4/fi6«kltn] ;+j}wflgs kl/ifbsf] l;kmfl/;df nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf cWoIf /
;b:ox¿sf] lgo’lQm ug{]5 . -#_ nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf ;b:ox¿dWo] sDtLdf krf; k|ltzt ;b: ox¿ aL;
jif{ jf ;f] eGbf a9L cjlw;Dd s’g} ;/sf/L ;]jfdf /x]sf Jol Qmx¿ dWo]af6 / afFsL
;b:ox¿ lj1fg, k|ljlw, snf, ;flxTo, sfg”g, hgk|zf;g, ; dfhzf:q jf /fli6«o hLjgsf
cGo If]qdf zf]w, cg’;Gwfg, cWofkg jf cGo s’g} dxTjk”0f{ s fo{ u/L Vofltk|fKt u/]sf
JolQmx¿ dWo]af6 lgo’Qm x’g]5g . -$_ pkwf/f -*_ sf] k|ltjGwfTds jfSof+zsf] v08 -s_ sf] cw Lgdf /xL nf]s
;]jf cfof]usf] cWoIf / ;b:osf] kbfjlw lgo’lQm ePsf] ldlt n] 5 jif{sf] x’g]5 .
t/, -s_ ;f] kbfjlw k”/f x’g cufj} nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] cWoIf jf ;b:osf] pd]/ k};¶L jif{ k”/f ePdf lgh cfˆgf] kbdf axfn /xg] 5}g .
-v_ nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] cWoIf / ;b:onfO{ ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] G ofofwLz
;/x ;dfg cfwf/df / ;dfg tl/sfn] ;f] kbaf6 x6fpg ;lsg]5 .
-%_ b]xfosf cj:yfdf nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] cWoIf jf ;b: osf] kb l/Qm ePsf] dflgg]5M– -s_ lghn] 4/fi6«klt ;dIf lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf,
-v_ pkwf/f -$_ adf]lhd lghsf] kbfjlw k”/f ePdf jf lgh cfˆgf] kbdf
g/x]df,
-u_ lghsf] d[To’ ePdf .
-^_ b]xfo adf]lhd geO{ s’g} JolQm nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] cW oIf jf ;b:osf] kbdf
lgo’lQmsf] nflu of]Uo x’g] 5}g M– -s_ g]kfn ;/sf/af6 dfGotf k|fKt ljZjljBfnoaf6 :gftsf ]Q/ pkflw
k|fKt u/]sf], -v_ lgo’lQm x’Fbfsf avt s’g} /fhg}lts bnsf] ;b:o g/x]sf],
-u_ k}+tfnL; jif{ pd]/ k”/f ePsf], /
4 rf}+yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

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www.lawcommission.gov.np 51
-3_ pRr g}lts rl/q sfod ePsf] .
-&_ nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] cWoIf / ;b:osf] kfl/>lds / ; ]jfsf cGo zt{x¿
sfg”gåf/f lgwf{/0f eP adf]lhd x’g]5g . nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] c WoIf / ;b:o cfˆgf] kbdf
axfn /x];Dd lghx¿nfO{ dsf{ kg]{ u/L kfl/>lds / ;]jfsf c Go zt{x¿ ablng] 5}gg .
-*_ nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] cWoIf jf ;b:o eO;s]sf] JolQm cGo ;/sf/L ;]jfdf
lgo’Qm x’gsf] lgldQ u|fXo x’g] 5}g . t/, -s_ nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] ;b:onfO{ cWoIfdf lgo’Qm ug{ o; pkw f/fn] jfwf
k’¥ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g / ;f] adf]lhd s’g} ;b:o cWoIfsf] kbdf l go’Qm
ePdf lghsf] kbfjlwsf] u0fgf ubf{ ;b:o ePsf] cjlwnfO{ ;d]t hf]8L
u0fgf ul/g]5 .
-v_ s’g} /fhg}lts kbdf jf s’g} ljifosf] cg’;Gwfg, hfFra’em jf 5fglag
ug]{ jf s’g} ljifosf] cWoog jf cGj]if0f u/L /fo, dGtJo j f l;kmfl/;
k]z ug]{ s’g} kbdf lgo’Qm eO{ sfd ug{ o; pkwf/fdf n]lvPsf] s ‘g}
s’/fn] jfwf k’¥ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
!@^=
!@^= !@^=
!@^=

n
nn
nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/
f]s ;]jf cfof]usf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/f]s ;]jf cfof]usf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/
f]s ;]jf cfof]usf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/
M
MM
M

-!_ lghfdtL ;]jfsf] kbdf lgo’lQmsf] lgldQ pko’Qm pDd]bjf/ 5gf}6 ug{ k/LIff ;~rfng ug'{ nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] st{Jo x’g]5 .
:ki6Ls/0f :ki6Ls/0f:ki6Ls/0f
:ki6Ls/0f
M
MM
M o; wf/fsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu ;}lgs clws[t jf hjfg / ;z:
q k|x/L jf k|x/L
sd{rf/Lsf] ;]jf jf kb tyf lghfdtL ;]jf jf kb xf]Og egL P]gåf/f tf]lsPsf] cGo ;]jf
jf kb afx]s g]kfn ;/sf/sf c? ;a} ;]jf jf kbnfO{ lghfdtL ;]jf jf kb dflgg]5 .
-@_ lghfdtL ;]jfsf] lgj[lQe/0f kfpg] kbdf nf]s ;]jf cf of]usf] k/fdz{ lagf
:yfoL lgo’lQm ul/g] 5}g .
-#_ b]xfosf ljifodf nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] k/fdz{ lng’ kg]{ 5M–
-s_ lghfdtL ;]jfsf] zt{ ;DaGwL sfg”gsf] ljifodf,
-v_ lghfdtL ;]jf jf kbdf lgo’lQm, a9’jf / ljefuLo sf/a fxL ubf{
ckgfpg’ kg]{ l;4fGtsf] ljifodf,
-u_ lghfdtL kbdf 5 dlxgfeGbf a9L ;dosf] nflu lgo’lQm ubf{
pDd]bjf/sf] pko’Qmtfsf] ljifodf,
-3_ s’g} Ps k|sf/sf] lghfdtL ;]jfsf] kbaf6 csf]{ k|sf/sf] lg hfdtL
;]jfsf] kbdf jf cGo ;/sf/L ;]jfaf6 lghfdtL ;]jfdf ;?jf jf
a9’jf ubf{ pDd]bjf/sf] pko’Qmtfsf] ljifodf,

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-ª_ nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] k/fdz{ lng’ gkg]{ cj:yfsf] kbdf axf n /x]sf] sd{rf/LnfO{ nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] k/fdz{ lng’ kg]{ cj:yfsf] kbd f
:yfoL ;?jf jf a9’jf ug]{ ljifodf, /
-r_ s’g} klg lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ lbOg] ljefuLo ;hfosf] lj ifodf .
-$_ pkwf/f -#_ df h’g;’s} s’/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg wf/f !! $ adf]lhd Gofo
;]jf cfof]usf] clwsf/If]qleq kg{] ljifodf ;f]xL adf]lhd x ‘g]5 .
-%_ ;}lgs ;]jf, ;z:q k|x/L ;]jf jf k|x/L ;]jf jf cGo ; /sf/L ;]jfsf] kbdf
lgo’lQm / a9’jf ubf{ ckgfpg’ kg{] ;fdfGo l;4fGtsf] ljifod f nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] k/fdz{
lng’ kg{]5 . -^_ s’g} ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfsf] ;]jfsf sd{rf/Lsf] ;]jfsf zt{ ;D aGwL k|rlnt
sfg”g / To:tf] ;]jfsf kbsf] lgo’lQm, a9’jf / ljefuLo sf/a fxL ubf{ ckgfpg’ kg{] ;fdfGo
l;4fGtsf] ljifodf nf]s ;]jf cfof]u;Fu To:tf] ;+:yfn] k/fd z{ lng rfx]df nf]s ;]jf
cfof]un] k/fdz{ lbg ;Sg]5 . :ki6Ls/0f
:ki6Ls/0f :ki6Ls/0f
:ki6Ls/0f
M
MM
M o; wf/fsf] k|of]hgsf nflu æ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfÆ eGgfn] krf
; k|ltzt jf ;f]eGbf
a9L z]o/ jf hfoh]yfdf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] :jfldTj jf lgoGq0 f ePsf] ;+ul7t ;+:yfnfO{
hgfpg]5 . -&_ nf]s ;]jf cfof]un] cfˆgf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ dWo] s’g} sfd, st{Jo /
clwsf/ cfˆgf] s’g} ;b:o jf ;b:ox¿sf] ;ldlt jf g]kfn ;/ sf/sf] sd{rf/LnfO{ tf]lsPsf] zt{sf] cwLgdf /xL k|of]u tyf kfng ug]{ u/L ;’Dkg ;Sg]5 .
-*_ o; ;+ljwfgsf] cwLgdf /xL nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] cGo sfd , st{Jo /
sfo{ljlw sfg”gåf/f lgwf{/0f eP adf]lhd x’g]5 .
!@&=
!@&= !@&=
!@&=

jflif{s k|lt
jflif{s k|ltjflif{s k|lt
jflif{s k|ltj]bg
j]bgj]bg
j]bg
M
MM
M

-!_ k|To]s jif{ nf]s ;]jf cfof]un] cfk”mn] u/]sf] sfdsf] k|lt
j]bg
4/fi6«klt ;dIf k]z ug{]5 / 4/fi6«kltn] k|wfgdGqL dfkm{t To:tf] k|ltj]bg Joj:yflksf–
;+;b ;dIf k]z ug]{ Joj:yf ug]{5 . -@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd k]z ul/g] k|ltj]bgdf cGo s’/fsf] cltl/Qm nf]s
;]jf cfof]un] jif{e/Ldf pDd]bjf/ 5gf}6 ug{ lnPsf] k/LIffsf ] ljj/0f, ;f] k/LIffdf pQL0f{
k/LIffyL{ ;DaGwL ljj/0f, ljleGg lgsfonfO{ k/fdz{ lbPs f] ljj/0f, lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{
ljefuLo sf/afxL / ;hfo ubf{ lbPsf] k/fdz{sf] ljj/0f / k/fdz{ adf]lhdsf] sfd eP
gePsf] ljj/0f, s’g} ;/sf/L ;]jfsf] kbsf] lgo’lQm, a9’jf / ljefuLo sf/afxL ubf{
4 rf}+yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

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ckgfpg’ kg{] ;fdfGo l;4fGtsf] af/]df k/fdz{ lbPsf] eP ;f]sf ] ljj/0f / eljiodf
lghfdtL ;]jfsf] ;’wf/sf] ljj/0f ;d]t pNn]v ug'{ kg{]5 .

efu !$
efu !$ efu !$
efu !$

lgjf{rg cfof]u
lgjf{rg cfof]u lgjf{rg cfof]u
lgjf{rg cfof]u

!@*=
!@*= !@*=
!@*=

lgjf{rg cf
lgjf{rg cflgjf{rg cf
lgjf{rg cfof]u
of]uof]u
of]u M
MM
M

-!_ g]kfndf Ps lgjf{rg cfof]u x’g]5 h;df k|d’v lgjf{
rg cfo’Qm
/ cGo rf/ hgf;Dd lgjf{rg cfo’Qmx¿ /xg]5g . k|d’v lg jf{rg cfo’Qmsf cltl/Qm cGo
lgjf{rg cfo’Qm lgo’Qm ePdf k|d’v lgjf{rg cfo’Qmn] lgjf{r g cfof]usf] cWoIf eO{ sfd
ug{]5 . -@_
4/fi6«kltn] ;+j}wflgs kl/ifbsf] l;kmfl/;df k|d’v lgjf{rg cfo’Qm /
lgjf{rg cfo’Qmsf] lgo’lQm ug{]5 . -#_ pkwf/f -&_ sf] k|ltjGwfTds jfSof+zsf] v08 -s_ sf] c wLgdf /xL k|d’v
lgjf{rg cfo’Qm / lgjf{rg cfo’Qmsf] kbfjlw lgo’lQm ePsf] ld ltn] 5 jif{sf] x’g]5 .
t/, -s_ ;f] kbfjlw k”/f x’g’ cufj} k|d’v lgjf{rg cfo’Qm jf lgjf {rg cfo’Qmsf] pd]/ k};¶L jif{ k”/f ePdf lgh cfˆgf] kbdf axfn /xg] 5}g .
-v_ k|d’v lgjf{rg cfo’Qm / lgjf{rg cfo’QmnfO{ ;jf{]Rr cbfnt sf] GofofwLz ;/x ;dfg cfwf/df / ;dfg tl/sfn] ;f] kbaf6 x 6fpg
;lsg]5 .
-$_ b]xfosf] cj:yfdf k|d’v lgjf{rg cfo’Qm / cfo’Qmsf] kb l/Qm ePsf] dflgg]5M–
-s_ lghn] 4/fi6«klt ;dIf lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf,
-v_ pkwf/f -#_ adf]lhd lghsf] kbfjlw k”/f ePdf jf lgh cfˆgf] kbdf
g/x]df,
-u_ lghsf] d[To’ ePdf .
-%_ b]xfo adf]lhd geO{ s’g} JolQm k|d’v lgjf{rg cfo’Qm / cfo’Qmsf] kbdf
lgo’lQmsf] nflu of]Uo x’g] 5}gM– -s_ g]kfn ;/sf/af6 dfGotf k|fKt ljZjljBfnoaf6 :gfts f]kflw k|fKt
u/]sf],
-v_ lgo’lQm x’Fbfsf avt s’g} /fhg}lts bnsf] ;b:o g/x]sf],
-u_ k}+tfnL; jif{ pd]/ k”/f ePsf], /
4 rf}+yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

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www.lawcommission.gov.np 54
-3_ pRr g}lts rl/q sfod ePsf] .
-^_ k|d’v lgjf{rg cfo’Qm / cfo’Qmsf] kfl/>lds / ;]jfsf cG o zt{x¿
sfg”gåf/f lgwf{/0f eP adf]lhd x’g]5g . k|d’v lgjf{rg cfo’Q m / cfo’Qm cfˆgf] kbdf axfn
/x];Dd lghx¿nfO{ dsf{ kg{] u/L kfl/>lds / ;]jfsf cGo zt{x ¿ ablng] 5}gg .
-&_ k|d’v lgjf{rg cfo’Qm / lgjf{rg cfo’Qm eO;s]sf] JolQm c Go ;/sf/L
;]jfdf lgo’Qm x’gsf] lgldQ u|fXo x’g]5}g . t/, -s_ lgjf{rg cfo’QmnfO{ k|d’v lgjf{rg cfo’Qmdf lgo’Qm ug{ o; pkwf/fn] jfwf k’¥ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g / ;f] adf]lhd s’g} cfo’Qm k|d’v cfo ‘Qmsf] kbdf lgo’Qm ePdf lghsf] kbfjlwsf] u0fgf ubf{ cfo’Qm ePsf ] cjlwnfO{ ;d]t hf]8L u0fgf ul/g]5 .
-v_ s’g} /fhg}lts kbdf jf s’g} ljifosf] cg’;Gwfg, hfFra’e m jf 5fglag
ug{] jf s’g} ljifosf] cWoog jf cGj]if0f u/L /fo, dGtJo jf l;kmfl/;
k]z ug{] s’g} kbdf lgo’Qm eO{ sfd ug{ o; pkwf/fdf n]lvPsf] s’g }
s’/fn] jfwf k’¥ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
!@(=
!@(= !@(=
!@(=

lgjf{rg cfof]usf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/
lgjf{rg cfof]usf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/lgjf{rg cfof]usf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/
lgjf{rg cfof]usf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/
M
MM
M

-!_ of] ;+ljwfg / cGo sfg”gsf] cwLgdf /xL
;+ljwfg ;ef, wf/f !%& adf]lhd x’g] hgdt ;ªu|x tyf :yfgLo lgsfosf] lgjf{rgsf] ;~rfng, /]vb]v, lgb{]zg / lgoGq0f lgjf{rg cfof]uaf6 x’g]5 . ;f] k|of]hgsf] nflu
dtbftfx¿sf] gfdfjnL tof/ ug{] sfo{ lgjf{rg cfof]un] ug{]5 .
-@_ ;+ljwfg ;ef ;b:osf] nflu pDd]bjf/Lsf] dgf]gog btf{ eO ;s]sf] t/
lgjf{rg k”/f gx’Fb} s’g} pDd]bjf/ wf/f ^% cg’;f/ cof]Uo 5 jf x’g uPsf] 5 eGg] k|Zg
p7]df To;sf] lg0f{o lgjf{rg cfof]un] ug]{5 . -#_ lgjf{rg cfof]un] cfˆgf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ dWo] s’g} s fd, st{Jo /
clwsf/ k|d’v lgjf{rg cfo’Qm, lgjf{rg cfo’Qm jf g]kfn ;/sf /sf] sd{rf/LnfO{ tf]lsPsf] zt{sf] cwLgdf /xL k|of]u tyf kfng ug{ kfpg] u/L ;’Dkg ;Sg] 5 .
-$_ o; ;+ljwfgsf] cwLgdf /xL lgjf{rg cfof]usf cGo sfd, st{Jo /
clwsf/ tyf sfo{ljlw sfg”gåf/f lgwf{/0f eP adf]lhd x’g]5g .
!#)=
!#)= !#)=
!#)=

g]kfn ;/sf/n] lgjf{rg cfof]unfO{ cfjZos sd{rf/L pknAw u/
fpg’ kg{] g]kfn ;/sf/n] lgjf{rg cfof]unfO{ cfjZos sd{rf/L pknAw u/f pg’ kg{] g]kfn ;/sf/n] lgjf{rg cfof]unfO{ cfjZos sd{rf/L pknAw u/f pg’ kg{] g]kfn ;/sf/n] lgjf{rg cfof]unfO{ cfjZos sd{rf/L pknAw u/f
pg’ kg{] M
MM
M o; ;+ljwfg
adf]lhd lgjf{rg cfof]unfO{ cfˆgf] sfd k”/f ug{ cfjZos kg{] sd{rf/L / cGo s’/fx¿
g]kfn ;/sf/n] pknAw u/fpg]5 .

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www.lawcommission.gov.np 55
efu !%
efu !% efu !%
efu !%

/fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u
/fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u
/fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u

!#!=
!#!= !#!=
!#!=

/fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u
/fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u/fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u
/fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u M
MM
M

-!_ g]kfndf Ps /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u x’g]5 h;df
b]xfo adf]lhdsf cWoIf / ;b:ox¿ /xg]5gM– -s_ dfgj clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f / ;+j4{gsf] If]qdf ljlzi6 of]u bfg
k’¥ofPsf ;jf{]Rr cbfntsf] k|wfg GofofwLz jf GofofwLz
kbaf6 ;]jf lgj[Q JolQm jf dfgj clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f / ;+j4{g
jf ;dfh;]jfsf If]qdf lqmofzLn /xL ljlzi6 of]ubfg
k’¥ofPsf Vofltk|fKt JolQmx¿ dWo]af6 – cWoIf
-v_ dfgj clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f / ;+j4{g jf ;dfh;]jfsf If]qdf
lqmofzLn /xL ljlzi6 of]ubfg k’¥ofPsf Vofltk|fKt JolQ mx¿
dWo]af6 rf/hgf – ;b:o
-@_ /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf] cWoIf / ;b:osf] lg o’lQm ubf{ dlxnf
;lxt ljljwtf sfod ug'{ kg{]5 . -#_
4/fi6«kltn] ;+j}wflgs kl/ifbsf] l;kmfl/;df /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/
cfof]usf cWoIf / ;b:osf] lgo’lQm ug{]5 . -$_ /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf] cWoIf / ;b:osf] kbfj lw lgo’lQm ePsf] ldltn] 5 jif{sf] x’g]5 .
t/ /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf cWoIf / ;b:onfO{ ;jf {]Rr cbfntsf] GofofwLz ;/x ;dfg cfwf/df / ;dfg tl/sfn] ;f] kbaf6 x 6fpg ;lsg]5 .
-%_ b]xfosf cj:yfdf /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf cWoIf jf ;b:osf] kb
l/Qm ePsf] dflgg]5M– -s_ lghn] 4/fi6«klt ;dIf lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf,
-v_ pkwf/f -$_ adf]lhd lghsf] kbfjlw k”/f ePdf jf lgh cfˆgf] kbdf g/x]df,
-u_ lghsf] d[To’ ePdf .
-^_ b]xfo adf]lhdsf] of]Uotf geO{ s’g} JolQm /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf] cWoIf jf ;b:osf] kbdf lgo’lQm x’g of]Uo x’g] 5}gM–
4 rf}+yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . 4 rf}+yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

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-s_ g]kfn ;/sf/af6 dfGotf k|fKt ljZjljBfnoaf6 :gftsf]k flw xfl;n
u/]sf],
-v_ pRr g}lts rl/q sfod ePsf] .
-&_ /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf cWoIf / ;b:osf] kfl/> lds / ;]jfsf cGo
zt{x¿ sfg”gåf/f lgwf{/0f eP adf]lhd x’g]5 . /fli6«o dfgj c lwsf/ cfof]usf cWoIf /
;b:o cfˆgf] kbdf axfn /x];Dd lghx¿nfO{ dsf{ kg{] u/L kf l/>lds / ;]jfsf zt{x¿
ablng] 5}gg . -*_ /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf cWoIf jf ;b:o eO;s]sf ] JolQm cGo
;/sf/L ;]jfdf lgo’Qm x’gsf] nflu u|fXo x’g] 5}g . t/ s’g} /fhg}lts kbdf jf s’g} ljifosf] cg’;Gwfg, hfFra’em jf 5fglag ug{] jf
To:tf] ljifosf] cWoog jf cGj]if0f u/L /fo, dGtJo jf l; kmfl/; k]z ug{] s’g} kbdf lgo’Qm
eO{ sfd ug{ o; pkwf/fdf n]lvPsf] s’g} s’/fn] jfwf k’¥ofPsf] d flgg] 5}g .
!#@=
!#@= !#@=
!#@=

/fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/
/fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf//fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/
/fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/

M
MM
M

-!_ dfgj clwsf/sf] ;Ddfg,
;+/If0f / ;+j4{g tyf To;sf] k|efjsf/L sfof{GjognfO{ ;’lglZr t ug'{ /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/
cfof]usf] st{Jo x’g]5 . -@_ pkwf/f -!_ df plNnlvt st{Jo k”/f ug{sf] nflu /fl i6«o dfgj clwsf/
cfof]un] b]xfosf sfd ug{]5M– -s_ s’g} JolQm jf ;d”xsf] dfgj clwsf/ pNnª3g jf To;sf ] b’?T;fxg
ePsf]df kLl8t JolQm cfkm}+ jf lghsf] tkm{af6 s;}n] cfof]u ;dIf
k|:t’t jf k|]lift u/]sf] lgj]bg jf ph’/L jf s’g} ;|f]taf6 cf of]unfO{
k|fKt ePsf] hfgsf/L jf cfof]usf] cfˆg} :jljj]sdf To; sf] 5fglag
tyf cg’;Gwfg u/L bf]ifL pk/ sf/afxL ug{ l;kmfl/; ug{] ,
-v_ dfgj clwsf/sf] pNnª3g x’gaf6 /f]Sg] lhDd]jf/L jf st{Jo ePsf] kbflwsf/Ln] cfˆgf] lhDd]jf/L k”/f gu/]df jf st{Jo kfng g u/]df jf
lhDd]jf/L k”/f ug{ jf st{Jo kfngf ug{ pbfl;gtf b]vfPd f To:tf] kbflwsf/L pk/ ljefuLo sf/afxL ug{ ;DalGwt clwsf/L ;d If
l;kmfl/; ug{],
-u_ dfgj clwsf/ pNnª3g ug{] JolQmsf lj?4 d’2f rnfpg’ k g{] cfjZostf ePdf sfg”g adf]lhd cbfntdf d’2f bfo/ ug{ l;kmf l/;
ug{],

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-3_ dfgj clwsf/sf] ;r]tgf clej[l4 ug{ gful/s ;dfh;Fu ; dGjo /
;xsfo{ ug{],
-ª_ dfgj clwsf/sf] pNnª3gstf{nfO{ ljefuLo sf/afxL tyf ;hfo ug{
sf/0f / cfwf/ v’nfO{ ;DalGwt lgsfo ;dIf l;kmfl/; ug]{,
-r_ dfgj clwsf/;Fu ;DalGwt k|rlnt sfg”gsf] cfjlws ¿kdf k’g/fjnf]sg ug{] tyf To;df ug'{ kg{] ;’wf/ tyf ;+zf]wgsf ;DaG wdf
g]kfn ;/sf/ ;dIf l;kmfl/; ug{],
-5_ dfgj clwsf/;Fu ;DalGwt cGt/f{li6«o ;lGw jf ;Demf}t fsf] g]kfn kIf
aGg’ kg{] ePdf To;sf] sf/0f;lxt g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ l;kmfl/ ; ug{] /
kIf alg;s]sf ;lGw jf ;Demf}tfsf] sfof{Gjog eP jf gePsf] cg’udg
u/L sfof{Gjog gePsf] kfOPdf ;f]sf] sfof{Gjog ug{ g]kfn ; /sf/
;dIf l;kmfl/; ug{],
-h_ dfgj clwsf/sf] pNnª3gsf ;DaGwdf /fli6«o dfgj cl wsf/ cfof]un] u/]sf] l;kmfl/; jf lgb{]zg kfngf jf sfof{Gjog gug{] kbflws f/L, JolQm
jf lgsfosf] gfd sfg”g adf]lhd ;fj{hlgs u/L dfgj clwsf/
pNnª3gstf{sf] ¿kdf clen]v ug{] .
-#_ /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]un] cfˆgf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg ubf { jf st{Jo kfngf ubf{
b]xfosf] clwsf/ k|of]u ug{ ;Sg]5M– -s_ s’g} JolQmnfO{ cfof]u ;dIf pkl:yt u/fO{ hfgsf/L jf aofg lng] jf
askq u/fpg], k|df0f a’‰g], bzL k|df0f bflvnf ug{ nufpg] ;D aGwdf
cbfntnfO{ eP ;/xsf] clwsf/ k|of]u ug{],
-v_ dfgj clwsf/sf] uDeL/ pNnª3g x’g nfu]sf] jf eO;s]sf ] ;”rgf
cfof]un] s’g} lsl;daf6 k|fKt u/]df s’g} JolQm jf lghsf] cfj f; jf
sfof{nodf ljgf ;”rgf k|j]z ug{], vfgtnf;L lng] tyf To;/L
vfgtnf;L ln+bf dfgj clwsf/sf] pNnª3g;Fu ;DalGwt lnvt, k|df0f
jf ;a’b sAhfdf lng],
-u_ s’g} JolQmsf] dfgj clwsf/ pNnª3g eO/x]sf] s’/f hfgs f/L eO{
tTsfn sf/afxL ug{‘ kg{] cfjZos b]lvPdf lagf ;”rgf ;/sf/L
sfof{no jf cGo 7fpFdf k|j]z ug{] / p4f/ ug{],
-3_ dfgj clwsf/sf] pNnª3gaf6 kLl8t ePsf] JolQmnfO{ sf g”g adf]lhd
Ifltk”lt{ lbg cfb]z lbg],

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-ª_ sfg”gdf Joj:yf eP adf]lhd cGo clwsf/sf] k|of]u / st {Josf] kfngf
ug{] jf u/fpg] .
-$_ o; wf/fdf cGoq h’g;’s} s’/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ;}lgs P]g sf] If]qflwsf/sf] ljifodf /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]unfO{ If]qflwsf/ x’g] 5 }g .
t/ dfgj clwsf/ jf dfgjLo sfg”gsf] pNnª3g ePsf] ljifo df sf/afxL rnfpg
jfwf kg]{ 5}g .
!##=
!##= !##=
!##=

jflif{s k|ltj]bg
jflif{s k|ltj]bgjflif{s k|ltj]bg
jflif{s k|ltj]bg

M
MM
M

-!_ o; ;+ljwfg adf]lhd /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]un] cf
k”mn] u/]sf] sfdsf] jflif{s k|ltj]bg
4/fi6«klt ;dIf k]z ug{]5 / 4/fi6«kltn] k|wfgdGqL dfkm{t To:tf] k|ltj]bg Joj:yflksf–;+;b ;dIf k]z ug]{ Joj:yf ug{]5 . -@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd k]z ul/g] k|ltj]bgdf cGo s’/fsf] cltl/Qm /fli6«o dfgj
clwsf/ cfof]udf jif{e/L k/]sf ph’/L, To:tf] ph’/Lsf] ;DaGw df u/]sf] 5fglag /
cg’;Gwfgsf] ljj/0f, g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ ljleGg ljifodf u/]sf ] l;kmfl/;sf] ljj/0f, dfgj
clwsf/ pNnª3g ug{] JolQm lj?4 s’g} d’2f bfo/ u/]sf] eP ;f]s f] ;+Vof, dfgj clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f / k|jw{gsf ;DaGwdf eljiodf ug'{ kg{] ;’wf/sf] ljj/0f pNn]v ug'{ kg{]5 .
efu !^
efu !^ efu !^
efu !^

dxfGofoflwjQmf
dxfGofoflwjQmf dxfGofoflwjQmf
dxfGofoflwjQmf

!#$=
!#$= !#$=
!#$=

dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] lgo’lQm
dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] lgo’lQmdxfGofoflwjQmfsf] lgo’lQm
dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] lgo’lQm

M
MM
M

-!_ g]kfndf Ps dxfGofoflwjQmf /xg]5 h;sf] lgo’lQm
4k|wfgdGqLsf] l;kmfl/;df /fi6«kltaf6 x’g]5 . dxfGofoflwjQmf k|wfgdGqLsf] OR5fg’;f/sf] cjlw;Dd cfˆgf] kbdf axfn /xg]5 .
-@_ ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] GofofwLz x’g ;Sg] of]Uotf geO{ s’g } klg JolQm
dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] kbdf lgo’lQmsf] nflu of]Uo dflgg] 5 }g .
-#_ b]xfosf cj:yfdf dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] kb l/Qm ePs f] dflgg]5M–
-s_ lghn] 4k|wfgdGqL dfkm{t /fi6«klt ;dIf lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf,
-v_
4k|wfgdGqLsf] l;kmfl/;df /fi6«kltaf6 lghnfO{ kbd’Qm ul/Pdf,
-u_ lghsf] d[To’ ePdf .
-$_ dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] kfl/>lds tyf cGo ;’ljwf ;jf]{ Rr cbfntsf] GofofwLz ;/x x’g]5 . dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] ;]jfsf cGo zt{x¿ sfg”gåf/f lgwf{/0f eP
adf]lhd x’g]5g .
4 rf}+yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . 4 rf}+yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

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!#%=
!#%= !#%=
!#%=

dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/
dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/
dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/

M
MM
M

-!_ dxfGofoflwjQmf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] d’Vo
sfg”gL ;Nnfxsf/ x’g]5 . ;+j}wflgs Pj+ sfg”gL ljifodf g]kfn ;/sf/ / g]kfn ;/sf/n] tf]lslbPsf] cGo clwsf/LnfO{ /fo ;Nnfx lbg’ lghsf] st{Jo x ‘g]5 .
-@_ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] xs, lxt jf ;/f]sf/ lglxt /x]sf] d’2fd f dxfGofoflwjQmf
jf lghsf] dftxtsf clws[tx¿af6 g]kfn ;/sf/sf] k|ltlglwTj ul/g]5 . o; ;+ljwfgdf
cGoyf n]lvPb]lv afx]s s’g} cbfnt jf Goflos clwsf/L ;dIf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] tkm{af6
d’2f rnfpg] jf grnfpg] eGg] s’/fsf] clGtd lg0f{o ug]{ clwsf/ dxfGofoflwjQmfnfO{
x’g]5 .
-#_ pkwf/f -@_ sf] cwLgdf /xL dxfGofoflwjQmfnfO{ cfˆ gf] st{Jo kfng ubf{
b]xfosf sfd ug{] clwsf/ x’g]5M– -s_ g]kfn ;/sf/ jfbL jf k|ltjfbL eO{ bfo/ ePsf d’2f dfl dnfdf g]kfn
;/sf/sf] tkm{af6 k|lt/Iff ug]{,
-v_ d’2f dfldnfsf /f]xdf ;jf]{Rr cbfntn] u/]sf] sfg”gsf] Jo fVof jf
k|ltkfbg u/]sf] sfg”gL l;4fGtsf] sfof{Gjog eP jf gePsf] cg ‘udg
ug]{ u/fpg],
-u_ lx/f;tdf /x]sf] JolQmnfO{ o; ;+ljwfgsf] cwLgdf /xL d fgjf]lrt
Jojxf/ gu/]sf] jf To:tf] JolQmnfO{{ cfkmGt;Fu jf sfg”g Joj ;foL
dfkm{t e]63f6 ug{ glbPsf] eGg] ph’/L k/]df jf hfgsf/L x’g c fPdf
5fglag u/L To:tf] x’gaf6 /f]Sg ;DalGwt clwsf/LnfO{ cfjZ os
lgb{]zg lbg] .
-$_ o; wf/fdf n]lvPsf sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/sf] cltl/Qm d xfGofoflwjQmfsf] cGo
sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ of] ;+ljwfg / cGo sfg”gåf/f lgwf{/0 f eP adf]lhd x’g]5 .
-%_ cfˆgf] kbLo st{Josf] kfngf ubf{ dxfGofoflwjQmfnfO{ g ]kfnsf] h’g;’s} cbfnt,
sfof{no / kbflwsf/L ;dIf pkl:yt x’g] clwsf/ x’g]5 . -^_ dxfGofoflwjQmfn] of] wf/f adf]lhd cfˆgf] sfd, st{J o / clwsf/ tf]lsPsf] zt{sf] cwLgdf /xL k|of]u / kfng ug]{ u/L dftxtsf clws[tnfO { ;’Dkg ;Sg]5 .
!#^=
!#^= !#^=
!#^=

jflif{s k|ltj]bg
jflif{s k|ltj]bgjflif{s k|ltj]bg
jflif{s k|ltj]bg

M
MM
M

-!_ dxfGofoflwjQmfn] k|To]s jif{ of] ;+ljwfg / cGo sfg”g
adf]lhd cfk”mn] ;Dkfbg u/]sf] sfdsf] jflif{s k|ltj]bg tof/ u/L
4/fi6«klt ;dIf k]z ug]{5 / 4/fi6«kltn] k|wfgdGqL dfkm{t To:tf] k|ltj]bg Joj:yflksf–;+;b ;dIf k]z ug]{ Joj:yf ug]{ 5 .
4 rf}+yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

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-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd k]z ul/g] k|ltj]bgdf cGo s’/fsf] cl tl/Qm
dxfGofoflwjQmfn] jif{e/Ldf ;+j}wflgs Pj+ sfg”gL ljifodf lbPsf] /fo ;Nnfxsf] ;+Vof,
;/sf/ jfbL eO{ rn]sf d’2f ;DaGwL ljj/0f, g]kfn ;/sf/ jf bL jf k|ltjfbL eO{ bfo/
ePsf d’2f dfldnfdf k|lt/Iff u/]sf] ljj/0f, ck/fw ;DaGwL ljj/0f tyf ;/sf/ jfbL eO{
rNg] d’2fdf eljiodf ul/g’ kg{] ;’wf/sf] ljj/0f pNn]v ug'{ kg{] 5 .
!#&=
!#&= !#&=
!#&=

Joj:yflksf
Joj:yflksfJoj:yflksf
Joj:yflksf–
––
–;+;bdf pkl:yt x’g kfpg] ;+;bdf pkl:yt x’g kfpg];+;bdf pkl:yt x’g kfpg] ;+;bdf pkl:yt x’g kfpg] M
MM
M dxfGofoflwjQmfnfO{ Joj:yflksf–;+;b, ;+ljwfg
;ef jf To;sf] s’g} ;ldltsf] a}7sdf pkl:yt eO{ s’g} sfg”gL k|Zgsf] ;DaGwdf /fo JoQm
ug{] clwsf/ x’g]5 .
t/ dt lbg] clwsf/ eg] x’g] 5}g .

efu !&
efu !& efu !&
efu !&

/fHosf] 9fFrf / :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g
/fHosf] 9fFrf / :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g /fHosf] 9fFrf / :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g
/fHosf] 9fFrf / :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g

!#*=
!#*= !#*=
!#*=

/fHosf] cu|ufdL k’g;{+/rgfM
/fHosf] cu|ufdL k’g;{+/rgfM/fHosf] cu|ufdL k’g;{+/rgfM
/fHosf] cu|ufdL k’g;{+/rgfM

-!_ juL{o, hftLo, eflifs, n}lËs, ;f+:s[lts, wfld{s / If]q
Lo
e]befjsf] cGTo ug{ /fHosf] s]Gb|Ls[t / PsfTds 9fFrfsf] cGTo u/L /fHosf] ;dfj]zL,
nf]stflGqs ;+3Lo zf;g k|0ffnL ;lxtsf] cu|ufdL k’g;{+/rgf ul/g]5 .
r-!s_ dw]zL hgtf nufot cflbjf;L hghflt / lk5l8Psf tyf cGo If]qsf
hgtfsf] :jfoQ k|b]zsf] rfxgfnfO{ :jLsf/ u/L g]kfn ;+3Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGqfTds
/fHo x’g]5 . k|b]zx? :jfoQ / clwsf/;DkGg x’g]5g . g]kfn sf] ;fj{ef}ldstf, Pstf /
cv08tfnfO{ cIf’00f /fVb} :jfoQ k|b]zx?sf] ;Ldf, ;+Vof, g fd / ;+/rgfsf cltl/Qm s]Gb |
/ k|b]zsf] ;”rLx?sf] k”0f{ ljj/0f, ;fwg–;|f]t / clwsf/sf] af“f8kmf “8 ;+ljwfg ;efaf6
lgwf{/0f ul/g]5 . -@_
spkwf/f -!_ / -!s_ adf]lhd /fHosf] k’g;+{/rgf ug{sf] nflu ;’emfj lbg Ps
pRr:t/Lo cfof]usf] u7g ul/g]5 . To:tf] cfof]usf] u7g, sf d, st{Jo, clwsf/ / ;]jfsf
zt{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhd x’g]5 .
-#_
/fHosf] k’g;{+/rgf tyf ;+3Lo zf;g k|0ffnLsf] :j?k ;DaGwL l jifosf] clGtd 6’Ëf] ;+ljwfg ;efn] lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhd x’g]5 .
!#(=
!#(= !#(=
!#(=

:yfgLo :jfoQ zf;gsf] Joj:yf
:yfgLo :jfoQ zf;gsf] Joj:yf:yfgLo :jfoQ zf;gsf] Joj:yf
:yfgLo :jfoQ zf;gsf] Joj:yf
M
MM
M

-!_ :yfgLo :t/b]lv g} hgtfsf] ;fj{ef}d;Qfsf] k|of]u ug{] cg’s”n jftfj/0f agfO{ d’n’ssf] zf;g Joj:yf df hgtfsf] a9LeGbf a9L

 klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . r kfFrf} ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . s kfFrf} ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

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;xeflutf k|jw{g ug{ / hgtfnfO{ :yfgLo :t/df g} ;]jf pknA w u/fpg tyf
nf]stGqsf] :yfgLo :t/b]lv g} ;+:yfut ljsf; ug{ ljs]Gb|Ls/ 0f tyf clwsf/sf] lgIf]k0fsf cfwf/df :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g ;DaGwL
slgsfosf] lgjf{rg ul/g]5 .
s-@_ :yfgLo lgsfosf] lgjf{rg geP;Ddsf nflu :yfgLo txdf lqmofzLn
/fhg}lts b/x?sf] ;xdlt / ;xeflutfsf cfwf/df g]kfn ;/sf /åf/f lhNnf, gu/ / ufp“

:t/df cGtl/d :yfgLo lgsfo u7g ul/g]5 . :ki6Ls/0f
M o; pkwf/fsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu æ:yfgLo txdf lqmofzLn
/fhg}lts bnÆ eGgfn] ;+ljwfg ;efdf k|ltlglwTj ePsf / ;f] ;efsf] lgjf{rgdf klxnf] x’g] lgjf{lrt x’g] lgjf{rg k|0ffnL cGtu{t ;DalGwt lhNnfdf pDd ]bjf/L lbPsf /fhg}lts bnnfO{
;Demg’ k5{ . -#_ :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g ;DaGwL lgsfosf] ;+u7gfTds ;+/rg f, To;sf] :j¿k / k|fb]lzs Onfsf tyf u7g ljlw sfg”gdf Joj:yf eP a df]lhd x’g]5 .
!$)=
!$)= !$)=
!$)=

/fhZj kl/rfng / Joj:yf
/fhZj kl/rfng / Joj:yf/fhZj kl/rfng / Joj:yf
/fhZj kl/rfng / Joj:yf
M
MM
M

-!_ :yfgLo ljsf;sf] nflu :jfoQ zf;g ;DaGwL lgsfonfO
{
;Ifd agfpg ;fwg / ;|f]tsf] kl/rfng, ljlgof]hg / ljsf;s f] k|ltkmnsf] ;Gt’lnt tyf
Gofof]lrt ljt/0fdf ;dfgtf sfod /fvL :yfgLo :t/sf of]h gfsf] klxrfg, th'{df /
sfof{Gjogdf ;DalGwt :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g ;DaGwL lgsfonf O{ g} hjfkmb]xL agfpg
sfg”gdf Joj:yf eP adf]lhd g]kfn ;/sf/ / :yfgLo :jfoQ z f;g ;DaGwL lgsfo aLr
lhDd]jf/L / /fhZj kl/rfng tyf afF8kmfF8 x’g]5 . -@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd /fhZj kl/rfng / afF8kmFf8 ubf{ d’n’ssf] ;Gt’lnt /
;dfg ljsf; x’g] u/L ;fdflhs tyf cfly{s b[li6sf]0faf6 lk5 l8Psf ju{ tyf ;d’bfosf] ;du| pTyfgsf nflu ljz]if Wofg lbg’ kg{]5 .
efu !*
efu !* efu !*
efu !*

/fhg}lts bnx?
/fhg}lts bnx? /fhg}lts bnx?
/fhg}lts bnx?

!$!=
!$!= !$!=
!$!=

/fhg}lts bnnfO{ k|ltaGw nufpg aGb]h
/fhg}lts bnnfO{ k|ltaGw nufpg aGb]h/fhg}lts bnnfO{ k|ltaGw nufpg aGb]h
/fhg}lts bnnfO{ k|ltaGw nufpg aGb]h

M
MM
M

-!_ ;dfg /fhg}lts ljrf/wf/f, bz{g /
sfo{qmddf k|lta4 JolQmx¿n] wf/f !@ sf] pkwf/f -#_ sf] k|l tjGwfTds jfSof+z -#_ cGtu{t
ag]sf] sfg”gsf] cwLgdf /xL cfˆgf] OR5fg’;f/ /fhg}lts bn vf]Ng, ;~rfng ug{ / ;f] sf] ljrf/wf/f, bz{g / sfo{qmdk|lt hg;fwf/0fsf] ;dy{g / ;xof] u k|fKt ug{sf] nflu To;sf] k|rf/ / k|;f/ ug{, u/fpg jf ;f] k|of]hgsf nflu cGo s’g} sfd ug{ ;Sg]5g . To:tf] s’g}
sfo{df s’g} k|ltaGw nufpg] u/L agfOPsf] sfg”g jf ul/Psf] s’g } Joj:yf jf lg0f{o of] ;+ljwfgsf] k|lts”n dflgg] / :jtM cdfGo x’g]5 .

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www.lawcommission.gov.np 62
-@_ s’g} Pp6} /fhg}lts bn jf Ps} lsl;dsf] /fhg}lts ljrf/ wf/f, bz{g jf
sfo{qmd ePsf JolQmx¿n] dfq lgjf{rg, b]zsf] /fhg}lts k|0 ffnL jf /fHo Joj:yf
;~rfngdf efu lng kfpg] jf ;lDdlnt x’g kfpg] u/L agfP sf] sfg”g, ul/Psf] s’g }
Joj:yf jf lg0f{o o; ;+ljwfg k|lts”n / :jtM cdfGo x’g]5 .
-#_ of] ;+ljwfgsf] k|:tfjgfsf] d”n efjgf / dd{ k|lts”n p2]Zo /fv]sf kf6L{x¿
bn btf{sf] lglDt of]Uo dflgg] 5}gg .
!$@=
!$@= !$@=
!$@=

/fhg}lts bnsf] ¿kdf lgjf{rgsf] nflu dfGotf k|fKt ug{ btf
{ u/fpg’ kg{] /fhg}lts bnsf] ¿kdf lgjf{rgsf] nflu dfGotf k|fKt ug{ btf{ u/fpg’ kg{] /fhg}lts bnsf] ¿kdf lgjf{rgsf] nflu dfGotf k|fKt ug{ btf{ u/fpg’ kg{] /fhg}lts bnsf] ¿kdf lgjf{rgsf] nflu dfGotf k|fKt ug{ btf{
u/fpg’ kg{]M
MM
M

-!_ lgjf{rgsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu lgjf{rg cfof]uaf6 dfGotf k|fKt ug{ rfxg] k|To]s /fhg}lts bnn] lgjf{rg
cfof]uåf/f lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] sfo{ljlw k”/f u/L lgjf{rg cfo f]udf btf{ u/fpg’ kg{]5 . o;
cg’;f/ btf{ gug]{ /fhg}lts bnx¿sf] gfd lgjf{rg cfof]usf] ;”r Laf6 x6fOg]5 .
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd btf{sf] nflu lgj]bg ubf{ k|:tfj bt f{ ug{ ul/Psf] /fhg}lts bnsf] ljwfg, 3f]if0ffkq / lgodfjnL k]z u/L cG o s’/fsf] cltl/Qm b]xfosf] ljj/0f v’nfpg’ kg{]5M– -s_ /fhg}lts bnsf] gfd / To;sf] k|wfg sfof{no /xg] 7]ufgf ,
-v_ /fhg}lts bnsf] sfo{sfl/0fL ;ldlt jf ;f] ;/xsf] ;ld ltsf ;b:o tyf
cGo kbflwsf/Lsf] gfd / 7]ufgf,
-u_ /fhg}lts bnsf] cfo;|f]tsf] sf]if / ;f] h’6fpg] ;|f]tsf ] ljj/0f .
-#_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd btf{sf] nflu lgj]bg lb+bf s’g} klg /fhg}lts bnn] b]xfosf zt{x¿ k”/f u/]sf] x’g’ kg{]5M–
-s_ /fhg}lts bnsf] ljwfg / lgodfjnL nf]stflGqs x’g’ k5{ ,
-v_ /fhg}lts bnsf] ljwfg jf lgodfjnLdf sDtLdf kfFr ji f{df Ps
k6s ;f] bnsf k|To]s txsf kbflwsf/Lx¿sf] lgjf{rg x’g] J oj:yf
x’g’ k5{, -u_ ljleGg :t/sf sfo{sfl/0fL ;ldltdf dlxnf, blnt nu fot pk]lIft
/ pTkLl8t If]qsf ;b:ox¿ ;d]t /xg] ;dfj]zL Joj:yf ul /Psf] x’g’ k5{, -3_ bnsf] ljwfgdf bnsf ;b:ox¿nfO{ cg’zfl;t t’Nofpg] k|efj sf/L
Joj:yf ul/Psf] x’g’ k5{ . -$_ s’g} /fhg}lts bnsf] ;b:otf k|fKt ug{ s]jn wd{, hft, hf lt,
efiff jf lnËsf] cfwf/df g]kfnL gful/s pk/ e]befjk”0f{ aG b]h nufOPsf] jf s’g} /fhg}lts
;+u7g jf bnsf] gfd, p2]Zo, lrGx jf em08f d’n’ssf] wfld{s jf ;fDk|bflos PstfnfO{

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www.lawcommission.gov.np 63
vnn kfg{] jf d’n’snfO{ ljvl08t ug{] k|s[ltsf] jf To:tf] bnsf] l jwfg jf lgodfjnLdf
lgb{nLo jf PsbnLo Joj:yfsf] ;+j4{g / ;+/If0f ug]{ p2]Zo /x ]5 eg] lgjf{rg cfof]un] To:tf] ;+u7g jf bnnfO{ btf{ ug{] 5}g . -%_ lgjf{rgsf] lglDt bn btf{ ug]{ k|of]hgsf] nflu sDtLdf b; xhf/
dtbftfx¿sf] ;dy{g ;lxtsf] x:tfIf/o’Qm lgj]bg cfjZos kg]{5 .
t/ cGtl/d Joj:yflksf–;+;bdf k|ltlglwTj ug]{ bnx¿sf] xs df of] k|fjwfg
nfu” x’g] 5}g . -^_ o; efudf n]lvPb]lv afx]s /fhg}lts bnsf] :yfkgf, btf{ , dfGotf tyf
cGo s’/fx¿ sfg”gdf Joj:yf eP adf]lhd x’g]5 .
efu !(
efu !( efu !(
efu !(

;
;;
;+s6sfnLg clwsf/
+s6sfnLg clwsf/+s6sfnLg clwsf/
+s6sfnLg clwsf/

!$#=
!$#= !$#=
!$#=

;+s6sfnLg clwsf/
;+s6sfnLg clwsf/;+s6sfnLg clwsf/
;+s6sfnLg clwsf/ M
M M
M

-!_ g]kfn /fHosf] ;fj{ef}d;Qf, cv08tf jf s’g} efusf] ;’/I
ffdf o’4,
afXo cfqmd0f, ;z:q ljb|f]x jf r/d cfly{s lj>[ªvntfsf] sf/0fn]] uDeL/ ;Í6 pTkGg
ePdf g]kfn ;/sf/,
4dlGqkl/ifbsf] l;kmfl/;df /fi6«kltn] g]kfn /fHoe/ jf s’g} vf;
If]qdf nfu” x’g] u/L ;Í6sfnLg cj:yfsf] 3f]if0ff ug{ jf cfb ]z hf/L ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd ul/Psf] 3f]if0ff jf cfb]z ;f] cf b]z ePsf] ldltn] Ps
dlxgfleq cg’df]bgsf] nflu Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] a}7sdf k]z ul/g]5 .
-#_ pkwf/f -@_ adf]lhd cg’df]bgsf] nflu k]z ePsf] 3f]if0f f jf cfb]z
Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] a}7sdf pkl:yt ;b:ox¿sf] b’O{–ltxfO a x’dtn] cg’df]bg u/]df
3f]if0ff jf cfb]z ePsf] ldltn] tLg dlxgf;Dd nfu” /xg]5 .
-$_ pkwf/f -@_ adf]lhd Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf]] a}7sdf cg’df]b gsf] nflu k]z
ePsf] 3f]if0ff jf cfb]z pkwf/f -#_ adf]lhd cg’df]bg gePdf ;f] 3f]if0ff jf cfb]z :jtM
lgliqmo ePsf] dflgg]5 . -%_ pkwf/f -!_ sf] cj:yf cem} ljBdfg 5 egL pkwf/f -#_ adf]lhdsf] Dofb
e’Qmfg gx’Fb} Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] a}7sdf pkl:yt ;b:ox¿sf] b ‘O{–ltxfO ax’dtn] k|:tfjåf/f lg0f{o u/L csf{] Ps k6s tLg dlxgfdf ga9fO{ ; f] k|:tfjdf tf]lsPsf] cjlwsf] nflu ;Í6sfnLg cj:yfsf] 3f]if0ff jf cfb]zsf] Dofb a9fpg ;Sg]5 .
-^_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd ;Í6sfnLg cj:yfsf] 3f]if0ff jf c fb]z ePkl5 To:tf] cj:yfsf] lgjf/0f ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/,
4dlGqkl/ifbsf] l;kmfl/;df /fi6«kltn] cfjZos cfb]z
4 rf}+yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . 4 rf}+yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

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www.lawcommission.gov.np 64
hf/L ug{ ;Sg]5 . To;/L hf/L ePsf] cfb]z ;Í6sfnLg cj:y f axfn /x];Dd sfg”g ;/x
nfu” x’g]5 . -&_
4/fi6«kltaf6 pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd ;Í6sfnLg cj:yfsf] 3f]if0ff jf cfb]z
ul/+bf ;f] 3f]if0ff jf cfb]z axfn /x];Ddsf] nflu efu # df Joj:yf ePsf df}lns xs
lgnDag ug{ ;lsg]5 . t/ wf/f !@ sf] pkwf/f -!_, -@_ / pkwf/f -#_ sf] v08 – u_ / -3_, wf/f !# /
!$, wf/f !% sf] pkwf/f -@_ / -#_, wf/f !^, !&, !*, @ ), @!, @@, @#, @$, @^, @(, #) /
#! tyf To:tf wf/f;Fu ;DalGwt wf/f #@ adf]lhd ;+j}wflg s pkrf/sf] xs / aGbL
k|ToIfLs/0fsf] pkrf/ k|fKt ug{] xs lgnDag ul/g] 5}g . -*_ pkwf/f -&_ adf]lhd o; ;+ljwfgsf] s’g} wf/f lgnDag ul /Psf]df ;f] wf/fn] k|bfg u/]sf] df}lns xssf] k|rngsf] nflu s’g} cbfntdf l gj]bg lbg jf To;
;DaGwdf s’g} cbfntdf k|Zg p7fpg ;lsg] 5}g . -(_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhdsf] 3f]if0ff jf cfb]z axfn /x]sf] cj:yfdf s’g}
kbflwsf/Ln] sfg”g ljk/Lt jf ablgot;fy s’g} sfd u/]af6 s; }nfO{ s’g} k|sf/sf] Iflt
ePsf] /x]5 eg] lghn] ;f] 3f]if0ff jf cfb]z ;dfKt ePsf] ldlt n] tLg dlxgfleq cfk”mnfO{
k/]sf] Iflt jfkt Ifltk”lt{sf] bfaL ug{ ;Sg]5 / bfaL dgfl;a 7x/fPdf cbfntn] plrt
Ifltk”lt{ e/fOlbg ;Sg]5 . -!)_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd ul/Psf] ;Í6sfnLg cj:yfsf] 3f]if0 ff jf cfb]z
g]kfn ;/sf/,
4dlGqkl/ifbsf] l;kmfl/;df /fi6«kltaf6 ;f] 3f]if0ff jf cfb]z axfn /x];Dd
h’g;’s} avt klg lkmtf{ lng ;lsg]5 .
efu @)
efu @) efu @)
efu @)

;]gf;DaGwL Joj:yf
;]gf;DaGwL Joj:yf ;]gf;DaGwL Joj:yf
;]gf;DaGwL Joj:yf

!$$=
!$$= !$$=
!$$=

g]kfnL ;]gfsf] u7g
g]kfnL ;]gfsf] u7gg]kfnL ;]gfsf] u7g
g]kfnL ;]gfsf] u7g

M
MM
M

-!_ g]kfndf g]kfnL ;]gfsf] Ps ;+u7g /xg]5 .

-!s_ /fi6«klt g]kfnL ;]gfsf] ;jf]{Rr k/dflwklt x’g]5 . -@_ g]kfnL ;]gfsf] k|wfg ;]gfkltsf] lgo’lQm
4dlGqkl/ifbsf] l;kmfl/;df
/fi6«kltn] ug]{5 . -#_ g]kfnL ;]gfsf] lgoGq0f, kl/rfng / Joj:yfkg sfg”g ad f]lhd
4dlGqkl/ifbsf] l;kmfl/;df /fi6«kltn] ug]{5 . dlGqkl/ifbn] /fhg}lts ;xdlt /
 rf}+yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk 4 rf}+yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

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www.lawcommission.gov.np 65
Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] ;DalGwt ;ldltsf] ;’emfj lnO{ g]kfnL ; ]gfsf] nf]stflGqs/0fsf] lj:t[t
sfo{of]hgf th'{df u/L sfof{Gjog ug]{5 . -$_ pkwf/f -#_ adf]lhd sfo{of]hgf th'{df u/L sfof{Gjog u bf{ g]kfnL ;]gfsf] pko’Qm ;ªVof, nf]stflGqs ;+/rgf / /fli6«o / ;dfj]zL r l/q lgdf{0f u/L nf]stGq / dfgj
clwsf/sf] d”Noåf/f ;]gfnfO{ k|lzlIft ug]{ sfd ul/g]5 .

r-$s_ g]kfnL ;]gfnfO{ /fli6«o :j?k k|bfg ug{ / ;dfj]zL agfp g dw]zL,
cflbjf;L hghflt, blnt, dlxnf, lk5l8Psf If]q nufotsf hgtfsf] k|j]z ;dfgtf /
;dfj]zL l;4fGtsf cfwf/df sfg”gdf Joj:yf u/L ;’lglZrt ul/g]5 .
-%_ g]kfnL ;]gf ;DaGwL cGo s’/fx¿ sfg”gdf Joj:yf eP adf ]lhd
x’g]5 .
!$%=
!$%= !$%=
!$%=

/fli6«o ;’/Iff kl/ifb
/fli6«o ;’/Iff kl/ifb/fli6«o ;’/Iff kl/ifb
/fli6«o ;’/Iff kl/ifb
\
\
\

M
MM
M

-!_ g]kfnL ;]gfsf] kl/rfng, ;~rfng / k|of]u ug{sf] nflu
dlGqkl/ifbnfO{ l;kmfl/; ug{ g]kfndf Ps /fli6«o ;’/Iff kl /ifb\ /xg]5 h;df b]xfo
adf]lhdsf cWoIf / ;b:ox¿ /xg]5g M– -s_ k|wfgdGqL – cWoIf
-v_ /Iff dGqL – ;b:o
-u_ u[x dGqL – ;b:o
s-3_dlGqkl/ifbdf /x]sf /fhg}lts b/x?dWo] km/s–km/s bnsf] k|ltlglwTj x’g] u/L k|wfgdGqLn] tf]s]sf tLghgf dGqL – ;b:o
t/ dlGqkl/ifbdf tLgeGbf sd /fhg}lts bnsf] k|ltlg lwTj ePsf] cj:yfdf
;f]eGbf sd /fhg}lts bnsf] k|ltlglwTj ug]{ u/L tf]Sg afwf k’u]sf] dflgg] 5}g .Æ
-@_ k|wfgdGqL / /Iff dGqL Ps} JolQm /x]sf] cj:yfdf dlGq kl/ifbsf] jl/i7td
;b:o /fli6«o ;’/Iff kl/ifb\sf] ;b:o x’g]5 . -#_ /fli6«o ;’/Iff kl/ifb\n] cfˆgf] a}7sdf cfjZostf cg’; f/ cGo JolQmnfO{
a}7sdf cfdGq0f ug{ ;Sg]5 . -$_ /fli6«o ;’/Iff kl/ifb\sf] ;lrjsf] sfd /Iff dGqfnosf] ;lrjn] ug{]5 / lghsf] cg’kl:yltdf k|wfgdGqLn] tf]s]sf] clws[tn] ug{]5 .
r kfFrf} ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . s kfFrf} ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

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www.lawcommission.gov.np 66
-%_ k|fs[lts ljkt k/]sf] sf/0fn] g]kfnL ;]gf kl/rfng ePsf]d f afx]s ;]gf
kl/rfng ;DaGwL g]kfn ;/sf/, dlGqkl/ifb\af6 ePsf] lg0f{ o Ps dlxgfleq Joj:yflksf–
;+;bn] tf]s]sf] ljz]if ;ldltdf k|:t’t eO{ cg’df]bg x’g’ kg]{5 . -^_ /fli6«o ;’/Iff kl/ifb\n] cfˆgf] sfo{ljlw cfkm}+ Jojl:yt ug{ ;Sg]5 .
!$^=
!$^= !$^=
!$^=

n8fs’x¿sf] ;ª
n8fs’x¿sf] ;ªn8fs’x¿sf] ;ª
n8fs’x¿sf] ;ª
\
qmd0fsfnLg Joj:yf
qmd0fsfnLg Joj:yf
qmd0fsfnLg Joj:yf
qmd0fsfnLg Joj:yf
M
M M
M dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs’x¿sf] /]vb]v, ;dfof]hg /
k’g:yf{kgfsf lglDt
s;+ljwfg ;efdf k|ltlglwTj u/]sf k|d’v /fhg}lts bnx?sf] k|lt lglwTj
x’g] u/L dlGqkl/ifbn] ljz]if ;ldlt agfpg]5 / To:tf] ;ldltsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/
dlGqkl/ifbn] lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhd x’g]5 .
!$&=
!$&= !$&=
!$&=

Joj:yfkg / cg’udg
Joj:yfkg / cg’udgJoj:yfkg / cg’udg
Joj:yfkg / cg’udg
M
M M
M ;]gf / xltof/ Joj:yfkg / cg’udg ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf
g]kfn
;/sf/ / g]=s=kf= -dfcf]jfbL_ aLr ;DkGg @)^# ;fn dªl;/ % ut]sf] …lj:t[t zflGt
;Demf}tfÚ / @)^# ;fn dªl;/ @@ ut]sf] …;]gf / xltof/ Joj: yfkgsf] cg’udg ;DaGwL
;Demf}tfÚ df pNn]v eP adf]lhd x’g]5 .
efu @!
efu @! efu @!
efu @!

;+lj
;+lj;+lj
;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg
wfg ;+zf]wgwfg ;+zf]wg
wfg ;+zf]wg

!$*=
!$*= !$*=
!$*=

;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg
;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg
;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg M
MM
M

-!_ ;+ljwfgsf] s’g} wf/fnfO{ ;+zf]wg jf vf/]h ug]{ ljw]os
Joj:yflksf–;+;bdf k|:t’t ug{ ;lsg]5 . -@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd k]z ePsf] ljw]os Joj:yflksf–;+;bd f tTsfn sfod
/x]sf ;Dk”0f{ ;b:o ;+Vofsf] sDtLdf b’O{ ltxfO{ ;b:ox¿sf] a x’dtaf6 :jLs[t ePdf ljw]os
kfl/t ePsf] dflgg]5 .

efu @@
efu @@ efu @@
efu @@

ljljw
ljljw ljljw
ljljw

!$(=
!$(= !$(=
!$(=

;+j}wflgs kl/ifb
;+j}wflgs kl/ifb;+j}wflgs kl/ifb
;+j}wflgs kl/ifb
\
\
\
M
MM
M

-!_ o; ;+ljwfg adf]lhd ;+j}wflgs lgsfosf kbflwsf/Lx¿sf
] lgo’lQmsf] l;kmfl/; ug{ Pp6f ;+j}wflgs kl/ifb\ x’g]5 h;df b]xfo adf ]lhdsf cWoIf / ;b:ox¿
/xg]5g M– -s_ k|wfgdGqL –cWoIf
-v_ k|wfg GofofwLz –;b:o
-u_ Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] ;efd’v –;b:o
s-3_ dlGqkl/ifbdf /x]sf /fhg}lts bnx?dWo] s kfFrf} ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . s kfFrf} ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

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www.lawcommission.gov.np 67
km/s–km/s bnsf] k|ltlglwTj x’g] u/L
k|wfgdGqLn] tf]s]sf tLghgf dGqL – ;b:o
t/ dlGqkl/ifbdf tLgeGbf sd /fhg}lts bnsf] k|ltlglwTj ePsf] cj:yfdf ;f]eGbf sd /fhg}lts bnsf] k|ltlglwTj ug]{ u/L tf] Sg afwf
k’u]sf] dflgg] 5}g .Æ
r-ª_ Joj:yflksf–;+;bdf ljkIfL bnsf g]tf – ;b:o
-@_ k|wfg GofofwLzsf] kb l/Qm ePsf] cj:yfdf k|wfg Gofof wLzsf] lgo’lQmsf] l;kmfl/; ubf{ ;+j}wflgs kl/ifb\df Gofo dGqL ;b:osf] ¿k df /xg]5 .
-#_ ;+j}wflgs cËsf kbflwsf/Lsf] lgo’lQm ;DaGwL sfo{ljlw, ;+j}wflgs kl/ifb\sf] cGo sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ tyf sfo{ljlw sfg”gåf/f lgwf{/0f eP adf]lhd x’g]5 .
-$_ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] d’Vo ;lrjn] ;+j}wflgs kl/ifbsf] ;lrj eO{ sfd ug{]5 .
!%)=
!%)= !%)=
!%)=

g]kfnL /fhb”t / ljz]if k|ltlglw
g]kfnL /fhb”t / ljz]if k|ltlglwg]kfnL /fhb”t / ljz]if k|ltlglw
g]kfnL /fhb”t / ljz]if k|ltlglw
M
MM
M 4dlGqkl/ifbsf] l;kmfl/;df /fi6«kltn] g]kfnL /fhb”t / s’g}
vf; k|of]hgsf] nflu ljz]if k|ltlglw lgo’Qm ug{ ;Sg]5 .
!%!=
!%!= !%!=
!%!=

dfkmLM
dfkmLMdfkmLM
dfkmLM
4dlGqkl/ifbsf] l;kmfl/;df /fi6«kltn ] h’g;’s} cbfnt, ljz]if cbfnt, ;}lgs cbfnt
jf cGo s’g} Goflos, cw{ Goflos jf k|zf;sLo kbflwsf/L jf lgsfon] u/]sf] ;hfonfO{
dfkmL, d’ntjL, kl/jt{g jf sd ug{ ;Sg]5 .
!%@=
!%@= !%@=
!%@=

pkflw, ;Ddfg / lje”if0fM
pkflw, ;Ddfg / lje”if0fMpkflw, ;Ddfg / lje”if0fM
pkflw, ;Ddfg / lje”if0fM

-!_ 4dlGqkl/ifbsf] l;kmfl/;df /fi6«kltaf6 /fHosf tkm{af6
lbOg] pkflw, ;Ddfg / lje”if0fx¿ k|bfg x’g]5g . -@_ g]kfn ;/sf/af6 :jLs[lt k|fKt gu/L g]kfnsf] s’g} gful/s n] s’g} ljb]zL
d’n’ssf] ;/sf/af6 k|bfg ul/g] pkflw, ;Ddfg jf lje”if0f u| x0f ug{ x’Fb}g .
!%#=
!%#= !%#=
!%#=

;/sf/L ;]jfsf] u7gM
;/sf/L ;]jfsf] u7gM;/sf/L ;]jfsf] u7gM
;/sf/L ;]jfsf] u7gM
g]kfn ;/sf/n] d’n’ssf] k|zf;g ;~rfng ug{ lghfdtL ;]jf /
cfjZos cGo ;/sf/L ;]jfx¿sf] u7g ug{ ;Sg]5 . To:tf ;]jfx ¿sf] u7g, ;~rfng /
;]jfsf zt{x¿ P]gåf/f lgwf{/0f ul/P adf]lhd x’g]5g .
!%$=
!%$= !%$=
!%$=

cfof]usf] u7g
cfof]usf] u7gcfof]usf] u7g
cfof]usf] u7g
M
MM
M g]kfn ;/sf/n] dlxnf, blnt, cflbjf;L hghflt, dw]zL,
ckfË, dhb’/ jf
ls;fg nufot ljljw If]qsf] xs lxtsf] ;+/If0f / k|jw{g ug{ c fjZos cfof]ux¿ u7g ug{
;Sg]5 . To:tf cfof]ux¿sf] u7g, sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ ;DaG wL Joj:yf sfg”gåf/f
lgwf{/0f eP adf]lhd x’g]5 .
r kfFrf} ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . 4 rf}+yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

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www.lawcommission.gov.np 68
·
··
·!%$s=
!%$s= !%$s=
!%$s=

lgjf{rg If]q lgwf{/0f cfof]u
lgjf{rg If]q lgwf{/0f cfof]ulgjf{rg If]q lgwf{/0f cfof]u
lgjf{rg If]q lgwf{/0f cfof]u M
M M
M

-!_ ;+ljwfg ;ef ;b:osf] lgjf{rg ug]{ k|of]hgsf] nflu
lgjf{rg If]q lgwf{/0f ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] Ps lgjf{rg If]q l gwf{/0f cfof]u u7g ug{ ;Sg]5,
h;df b]xfo adf]lhdsf cWoIf / ;b:ox? /xg]5g M–
-s_ ;jf]{Rr cbfntaf6 ;]jflgj[Q GofofwLz – cWoIf
-v_ e”uf]nljb – ;b:o
-u_ ;dfhzf:qL jf hg;+Vofljb – ;b:o
-3_ k|zf;gljb jf Joj:yfkgljb – ;b:o
-ª_ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ;]jfdf /x]sf] /fhkqflÍt
ljlzi6 >]0fLsf] clws[t – ;b:o–;lrj
-@_ lgjf{rg If]q lgwf{/0f cfof]usf cWoIf tyf ;b:osf ] lgo’lQm g]kfn ;/sf/n] ug]{5 . -#_ lgjf{rg If]q lgwf{/0f cfof]usf] sfof{jlw ;f] cfof]u u 7g ubf{sf avt g]kfn
;/sf/n] tf]s] adf]lhd x’g]5 / To:tf] sfof{jlw cfjZostfg’;f / g]kfn ;/sf/n] yk ug{
;Sg]5 .
-$_ pkwf/f -!_ sf] ;j{dfGotfdf k|lts”n gx’g] u/L b]xfo adf ]lhdsf] of]Uotf
geO{ s’g} klg JolQm lgjf{rg If]q lgwf{/0f cfof]usf] cWoIf jf ;b:osf] kbdf lgo’Qm x’g
of]Uo x’g] 5}g M– -s_ g]kfn ;/sf/af6 dfGotfk|fKt ljZjljBfnoaf6 ;DalGwt ljifodf sDtLdf
:gftsf]kflw xfl;n u/]sf],
-v_ sDtLdf k}+tfnL; jif{ pd]/ k”/f ePsf],
-u_ pRr g}lts rl/q sfod ePsf] .
-%_ b]xfosf cj:yfdf lgjf{rg If]q lgwf{/0f cfof]usf cWoIf jf ;b:osf] kb l/Qm
ePsf] dflgg]5 M– -s_ lghn] k|wfgdGqL ;dIf lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf,
-v_ lghsf] d[To’ ePdf .
-^_ lgjf{rg If]q lgwf{/0f cfof]un] o; wf/f adf]lhd lgjf{r g If]q lgwf{/0f ubf{
wf/f ^# sf] pkwf/f -#_ / -#s_ sf] cwLgdf /xL To:tf lh Nnfx?sf] hg;+Vof / ;+ljwfg
;ef ;b:o ;+VofaLrsf] cg’kft oyf;Dej ;dfg x’g] u/L k|+To]s lhNnfsf] hg;+Vofsf] · klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

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www.lawcommission.gov.np 69
cfwf/df ;f] lhNnfaf6 lgjf{lrt x’g] To:tf] ;b:o ;+Vof lgw f{/0f ug]{5 / ;f] ;+Vof a/fa/
;+ljwfg ;efsf] ;b:osf] lgjf{rgsf] nflu lgjf{rg If]q lgwf{/ 0f ug]{5 .
-&_ pkwf/f -^_ adf]lhd lgjf{rg If]q lgwf{/0f ubf{ ;dfg hg;+Vof / ef}uf]lns
cg’s”ntf tyf ljlzi6tfsf] cfwf/df k|To]s k|zf;sLo lhNnfsf] l;dfgf, ef}uf]lns cj:yf,
hg;+Vofsf] 3gTj, oftfoftsf] ;’ljwf / To:tf] lhNnfdf a;f]a f; ug]{ jfl;Gbfx?sf] ;fd’bflos tyf ;f+:s[lts kIfnfO{ ;d]t Wofg lbg’ kg]{5 . -*_ pkwf/f -&_ df h’g;’s} s’/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg of] ;+ljw fg k|f/De x’Fbfsf
avt lgjf{rg lhNnfdf sfod /x]sf lgjf{rg If]qeGbf sd x’g] u /L lgjf{rg If]q lgwf{/0f ug{
;lsg] 5}g .
-(_ lgjf{rg If]q lgwf{/0f cfof]uåf/f lgjf{rg If]q lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] Yjf pkwf/f –
!)u_ adf]lhd k’g/fjnf]sg ul/Psf] ljifodf s’g} cbfntdf s’g} k|Zg p7fpg ;lsg] 5}g .
-!)_ lgjf{rg If]q lgwf{/0f cfof]un] cfkm”n] ;Dkfbg u/]sf] sfd sf] k|ltj]bg
k|wfgdGqL ;dIf a’emfpg]5 .
Y-!)s_ k|wfgdGqLn] pkwf/f -!)_ adf]lhd k|fKt k|ltj]bg dlGqk l/ifb ;dIf
/fVg]5 / dlGqkl/ifbn] k|ltj]bg sfof{Gjogsf nflu lgjf{rg c fof]u tyf cGo ;Da4
lgsfodf k7fpg]5 .
Y-!)v_ pkwf/f -!)s_ df h’g;’s} s’/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg pkwf /f -!)_
adf]lhd k|wfgdGqL ;dIf a’emfPsf] k|ltj]bgdf k|fljlws ?kdf gldn]sf] b]lvPsf] lhNnfsf] xsdf k’g/fjnf]sg x’g cfjZos ePsf] dlGqkl/ifbn] 7fg]df pk wf/f -!_ adf]lhd ul7t
cfof]usf cWoIf / ;b:onfO{ lglZrt ;dofjlw tf]sL dlGqkl/ ifbn] To:tf] ljz]if kl/l:yltdf
;f] k|ltj]bg Psk6ssf] nflu k’g/fjnf]sg ug{ cg’/f]w ug{ ;Sg]5 .
Y-!)u_ pkwf/f -!)v_ adf]lhd dlGqkl/ifbn] cg’/f]w u/]df To: tf] cfof]usf] cWoIf / ;b:on] ;f]xL cjlwleq dlGqkl/ifbn] cg’/f]w u/]sf] l jifodf k’g/fjnf]sg u/L ;f]sf] k|ltj]bg k|wfgdGqL ;dIf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
Y-!)3_ pkwf/f -!)u_ adf]lhd k|ltj]bg k|fKt ePsf]df To:tf] k|l tj]bg pk/
pkwf/f -!)s_ adf]lhdsf] sf/afxL ug'{ kg]{5 .
Y bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . Y bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

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www.lawcommission.gov.np 70
Y-!)ª_ o; wf/fdf cGoq h’g;’s} s’/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg pkwf/f -!)u_
adf]lhd k’g/fjnf]sg ubf{ ;f] k|of]hgsf nflu pkwf/f -!)v_ sf] cjlwe/sf nflu
lgjf{rg If]q lgwf{/0f cfof]u sfod /x]sf] dflgg]5 .
-!!_ lgjf{rg If]q lgwf{/0f cfof]un] cfˆgf] sfo{ljlw cfkm}+ lgwf{/0f ug]{5 .
-!@_ lgjf{rg If]q lgwf{/0f cfof]usf cWoIf / ;b:osf] kfl />lds tyf ;’ljwf
qmdzM lgjf{rg cfof]usf k|d’v lgjf{rg cfo’Qm / lgjf{rg cfo’Q m ;/x x’g]5 .
-!#_ lgjf{rg If]q lgwf{/0f cfof]unfO{ cfjZos kg]{ sd{rf/L g]kfn ;/sf/n] pknAw u/fpg]5 .
!%%=
!%%= !%%=
!%%=

;+j}wflgs
;+j}wflgs ;+j}wflgs
;+j}wflgs lgsfosf kbflwsf/Lx¿sf] ;’g’jfO / gful/stf ;DaG
wL Joj:yf
lgsfosf kbflwsf/Lx¿sf] ;’g’jfO / gful/stf ;DaGwL Joj:y f
lgsfosf kbflwsf/Lx¿sf] ;’g’jfO / gful/stf ;DaGwL Joj:y f
lgsfosf kbflwsf/Lx¿sf] ;’g’jfO / gful/stf ;DaGwL Joj:y
f
M
MM
M

-!_ *o; ;+ljwfg
adf]lhd ;+j}wflgs kl/ifbsf] l;kmfl/;df lgo’Qm x’g] ;+j}wflgs
kb tyf ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf
GofofwLz / /fhb’tsf] kbdf lgo’lQm k”j{ lghx¿sf] sfg”gdf Joj:yf eP adf]lhd ;+;bLo
;’g’jfO x’g]5 . -@_ o; ;+ljwfg adf]lhd lgo’Qm x’g] ;+j}wflgs kbx¿df j+zh j f hGdsf gftfn] g]kfnsf] gful/s ePsf] JolQm jf cËLs[t gful/stf k|fKt u/L sDtLdf b; jif{ g]kfndf
a;f]jf; u/]sf] JolQm dfq lgo’lQmsf] nflu of]Uo dflgg]5 .
!%^=
!%^= !%^=
!%^=

;lGw jf ;Demf}tfsf] cg’df]bg, ;lDdng, :jL
;lGw jf ;Demf}tfsf] cg’df]bg, ;lDdng, :jL;lGw jf ;Demf}tfsf] cg’df]bg, ;lDdng, :jL
;lGw jf ;Demf}tfsf] cg’df]bg, ;lDdng, :jLs[lt jf ;dy{g
s[lt jf ;dy{gs[lt jf ;dy{g
s[lt jf ;dy{g
M
MM
M

-!_ g]kfn /fHo jf g]kfn
;/sf/ kIf x’g] ;lGw jf ;Demf}tfsf] cg’df]bg, ;lDdng, :jLs [lt jf ;dy{g sfg”gåf/f
lgwf{/0f eP adf]lhd x’g]5 . -@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd sfg”g agfpFbf cGo s’/fsf] cltl/Qm b]xfosf ljifosf
;lGw jf ;Demf}tfsf] cg’df]bg, ;lDdng, :jLs[lt jf ;dy{g Jo j:yflksf–;+;bdf tTsfn
sfod /x]sf ;Dk”0f{ ;b:ox¿sf] b’O{ ltxfO{ ax’dtn] ug'{ kg{] zt{ /flvg]5M–
-s_ zflGt / d}qL,
-v_ ;’/Iff Pj+ ;fdl/s ;DaGw,
-u_ g]kfn /fHosf] l;dfgf, /
-3_ k|fs[lts ;|f]t tyf To;sf] pkof]usf] afF8kmfF8 .
t/ v08 -s_ / -3_ df plNnlvt ljifosf ;lGw jf ;De mf}tf dWo] /fi6«nfO{
Jofks, uDeL/ jf bL3{sfnLg c;/ gkg{] ;fwf/0f k|s[ltsf ;lG w jf ;Demf}tfsf] cg’df]bg,
;lDdng, :jLs[lt jf ;dy{g Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] a}7sdf pkl: yt ;b:ox¿sf] ;fwf/0f
ax’dtaf6 x’g ;Sg]5 .
* bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

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www.lawcommission.gov.np 71
-#_ of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De ePkl5 x’g] s’g} ;lGw jf ;Demf}tf o; wf/f adf]lhd
cg’df]bg, ;lDdng, :jLs[lt jf ;dy{g geP;Dd g]kfn ;/sf/ jf g]kfn /fHosf] xsdf nfu”
ePsf] dflgg] 5}g . -$_ pkwf/f -!_ / -@_ df h’g;’s} s’/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg g]k fn /fHosf] k|fb]lzs cv08tfdf k|lts”n c;/ kg{] u/L s’g} ;lGw jf ;Demf}tf ul/g] 5}g .
!%&=
!%&= !%&=
!%&=

hgdt ;ª
hgdt ;ªhgdt ;ª
hgdt ;ª
\
u|xaf6 lg0f{o ug{ ;lsg] u|xaf6 lg0f{o ug{ ;lsg] u|xaf6 lg0f{o ug{ ;lsg] u|xaf6 lg0f{o ug{ ;lsg]

M
MM
M

-!_ o; ;+ljwfgdf cGoq Joj:yf ePsf]df afx]s
/fli6«o dxTjsf] s’g} ljifodf hgdt ;ªu|xaf6 lg0f{o ug{ cf jZos 5 egL ;+ljwfg ;efn] tTsfn sfod /x]sf ;Dk”0f{ ;b:ox¿sf] b’O{ ltxfO{ ;b:osf] ax’d taf6 lg0f{o u/]df To:tf] ljifodf hgdt ;ªu|xaf6 lg0f{o lng ;lsg]5 . -@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhdsf] k|lqmofaf6 lg0f{o lnOg] sfo{ljl w sfg”gåf/f lgwf{/0f
eP adf]lhd x’g]5 .
!%*=
!%*= !%*=
!%*=

jfwf c8
jfwf c8jfwf c8
jfwf c8
\
sfp k’msfpg] clwsf/
sfp k’msfpg] clwsf/
sfp k’msfpg] clwsf/
sfp k’msfpg] clwsf/
M
MM
M sof] ;+ljwfgsf] sfof{Gjog ug{ s’g} jfwf c8sfp k/]df
/fi6«kltn] dlGqkl/ifb\sf] l;kmfl/;df To:tf] jfwf c8sfp k’msfpg cfb]z hf/L ug{ ;Sg]5 /
o:tf] cfb]z Joj:yflksf–;+;baf6
$========== Ps dlxgfleq cg’df]bg u/fpg’ kg{]5 .
efu @#
;ªqmd0fsfnLg Joj:yf

4
44
4!%(=
!%(= !%(=
!%(=

;DklQ 6«i6 agfO{ /flvg] ;DklQ 6«i6 agfO{ /flvg];DklQ 6«i6 agfO{ /flvg] ;DklQ 6«i6 agfO{ /flvg] M
M M
M

-!_ tTsflng /fhf lj/]Gb|, /fgL P]Zjo{ / lghx?sf kl/jf/
sf] ;DklQ g]kfn ;/sf/ dftxt NofO{ 6«i6 agfP/ /fi6««lxtdf k|o f]u ul/g]5 .
-@_ tTsflng /fhfsf] x}l;otn] 1fg]Gb| zfxnfO{ k|fKt ePsf ; a} ;DklQx? –
h:t} ljleGg :yfgsf b/jf/x?, jg tyf lgs’~hx?, P]]ltxfl; s / k’/ftflTjs dxTjsf
;Dkbfx? cflb_ /fli6«os/0f ul/g]5 .
!^)=
!^)= !^)=
!^)=

dlGqkl/ifb
dlGqkl/ifbdlGqkl/ifb
dlGqkl/ifb
\
;DaGwL Joj:yf
;DaGwL Joj:yf
;DaGwL Joj:yf
;DaGwL Joj:yf
M
MM
M

-!_ of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De x’Fbfsf avt sfod /x]sf] dlGqkl/ifb

o;} ;+ljwfg cGtu{t u7g ePsf] dflgg]5 .
-@_ wf/f #* adf]lhd dlGqkl/ifb u7g geP;Dd pkwf/f – !_ adf]lhdsf] dlGqkl/ifb sfod /xg]5 .
!^!=
!^!= !^!=
!^!=

Joj:yflksf
Joj:yflksfJoj:yflksf
Joj:yflksf–
––
–;+;b ;DaGwL Joj:yf
;+;b ;DaGwL Joj:yf;+;b ;DaGwL Joj:yf
;+;b ;DaGwL Joj:yf
M
MM
M

-!_ of] ;+ljwfg hf/L x’gf;fy o; ;+ljwfg adf]lhdsf] Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] u7g x’g]5 .
s kfFrf} ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . $ kfFrf} ;+zf]wgåf/f lemlsPsf] . 4 rf}+yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

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www.lawcommission.gov.np 72
-@_ of] ;+ljwfg hf/L ePkl5 tTsfn sfod /x]sf] k|ltlglw;ef / /fli6«o;ef
:jtM lj36g x’g]5 / ;f]xL lbg o; ;+ljwfg adf]lhdsf] Joj:y flksf–;+;bsf] klxnf] a}7s
a:g]5 . -#_ of] ;+ljwfg hf/L x’Fbfsf] avt k|ltlglw;efdf ljrf/fwLg /x]sf ljw]osx¿
o; ;+ljwfg adf]lhdsf] Joj:yflksf–;+;bdf x:tfGt/0f x’g]5 g .
-$_ of] ;+ljwfg hf/L x’Fbfsf avt sfod /x]sf] ;+;b ;lrjfno / ;f] ;lrjfnodf sfo{/t kbflwsf/L / sd{rf/L o;} ;+ljwfg adf]lhd sfod x’g] Joj:yflksf–
;+;b ;lrjfno / lgo’lQm ePsf kbflwsf/L / sd{rf/L dflgg]5 g .
!^@=
!^@= !^@=
!^@=

Gofokflnsf ;DaGwL Joj:yf
Gofokflnsf ;DaGwL Joj:yfGofokflnsf ;DaGwL Joj:yf
Gofokflnsf ;DaGwL Joj:yf

M
MM
M-!_ of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De x’Fbfsf avt sfod /x]sf
;jf]{Rr cbfnt, k’g/fj]bg cbfnt / lhNnf cbfntx¿ o;} ;+ljw fg adf]lhd :yfkgf
ePsf] dflgg]5 / of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De x’g’ cl3 bfo/ ePsf d’2fx ¿ tt tt cbfntaf6
lg¿k0f ug{ of] ;+ljwfgn] jfwf k’¥ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
-@_ of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De ePkl5 ;jf{]Rr cbfnt, k’g/fj ]bg cbfnt /
lhNnf cbfntx¿df axfn /x]sf GofofwLzx¿n] of] ;+ljwfgk|lt k|lta4tfsf] zky g]kfn
;/sf/n] lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhd u|x0f ug'{ kg]{5 . zky u|x0f ug{ OGsf/ ug]{ GofofwLz :jtM
cfˆgf] kbaf6 d’Qm x’g]5 .
-#_ :jtGq, :jR5, lgikIf / ;an Gofokflnsfsf nflu nf]stflGqs
d”No dfGotfsf cfwf/df Gofo If]qnfO{ ;’wf/ ub}{ n}hfg cfjZ os sfg”gL Joj:yf ul/g]5 .
!^#=
!^#= !^#=
!^#=

;+j}wflgs lgsfo / kbflwsf/Lx¿ ;DaGwL Joj:yf
;+j}wflgs lgsfo / kbflwsf/Lx¿ ;DaGwL Joj:yf;+j}wflgs lgsfo / kbflwsf/Lx¿ ;DaGwL Joj:yf
;+j}wflgs lgsfo / kbflwsf/Lx¿ ;DaGwL Joj:yf
M
MM
M

-!_ of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De x’Fbfsf avt
sfod /x]sf ;+j}wflgs lgsfo / kbflwsf/Lx¿ dWo] o; ;+lj wfgdf pNn]v gul/Psf ;+j}wflgs
lgsfo / kbflwsf/Lx¿ of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De ePkl5 sfod /x g] 5}gg .
-@_ of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De x’Fbfsf avt sfod /x]sf ;+j}wflgs lgs fox¿ o;} ;+ljwfg
adf]lhd :yfkgf ePsf] dflgg] 5g / k|rlnt sfg”g adf]lhd tL lgsfox¿df ljrf/fwLg
/x]sf ljifox¿nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg o; ;+ljwfgn] jfwf k’¥ofPs f] dflgg] 5}g . ;+j}wflgs cË
/ ltgsf kbflwsf/Lx¿nfO{ nf]stflGqs d”No dfGotf cg’¿k ;’ wf/ ub}{ n}hfg cfjZos
sfg”gL Joj:yf ul/g]5 . -#_ of] ;+ljwfg adf]lhd Joj:yf ul/Psf] /fli6«o dfgj clw sf/ cfof]u u7g
geP;Dd k|rlnt sfg”g adf]lhd ul7t /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cf of]u sfod /xg]5 / o;
;+ljwfg adf]lhdsf] /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u u7g ePkl5 ;f] cfof]uaf6 km5of}{6 x’g
afFsL /x]sf lgj]bg / ph’/Lx¿ o; cfof]udf ;g{]5g / ;f] cfof ]un] To:tf lgj]bg /
ph’/Lx¿ pk/ of] ;+ljwfg / o; cGtu{t ag]sf] sfg”g adf]lhd sf /afxL ug{]5 .

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!^$=
!^$= !^$=
!^$=

jt{dfg sfg”g nfu” /xg]M
jt{dfg sfg”g nfu” /xg]Mjt{dfg sfg”g nfu” /xg]M
jt{dfg sfg”g nfu” /xg]M

-!_ k’g:yf{lkt k|ltlglw;efåf/f eP u/]sf lg0f{o / sfd
sf/afxL of] ;+ljwfg;Fu gaflemPsf] xb;Dd o;} ;+ljwfg adf ]lhd eP u/]sf] dflgg]5g .
-@_ of] ;+ljwfg nfu” x’Fbfsf avt sfod /x]sf sfg”gx¿ vf/]h o f ;+zf]wg
geP;Dd sfod /xg]5g .
t/ of] ;+ljwfg;Fu aflemPsf] sfg”g of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De ePsf ] tLg dlxgfkl5
aflemPsf] xb;Dd :jtM cdfGo x’g]5 .

efu @$
efu @$ efu @$
efu @$

kl/efiff
kl/efiff kl/efiff
kl/efiff

!^%=
!^%= !^%=
!^%=

kl/efiff
kl/efiffkl/efiff
kl/efiff M
MM
M

-!_ ljifo jf k|;Ën] csf{] cy{ gnfu]df o; ;+ljwfgdf,–
-s_ æwf/fÆ eGgfn] of] ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f ;Demg’ k5{ .
-v_ æg]kfnÆ eGgfn] g]kfn /fHo ;Demg’ k5{ .
-u_ ægful/sÆ eGgfn] g]kfnsf] gful/s ;Demg’ k5{ .
-3_ æljw]osÆ eGgfn] Joj:yflksf–;+;b jf ;+ljwfg ;efdf k]z ePsf] ;+ljwfg jf
P]gsf] d:of}bf ;Demg’ k5{ .
-ª_ ækfl/>ldsÆ eGgfn] tna, eQf, lgj[lQe/0f / cGo s’g} lsl;dsf] kfl/>lds
tyf ;’ljwf ;d]t ;Demg’ k5{ .
-@_ ljifo jf k|;Ën] csf]{ cy{ gnfu]df o; ;+ljwfgdf JoQm eP sf s’/fx¿sf] cwLgdf /xL sfg”g JofVof ;DaGwL k|rlnt sfg”gL Joj:yf g ]kfn sfg”gsf] JofVofdf nfu”
eP ;/x o; ;+ljwfgsf] JofVofdf klg nfu” x’g]5 .
efu @%
efu @% efu @%
efu @%

;+lIfKt gfd, k|f/De / vf/]hL
;+lIfKt gfd, k|f/De / vf/]hL ;+lIfKt gfd, k|f/De / vf/]hL
;+lIfKt gfd, k|f/De / vf/]hL

!^^=
!^^= !^^=
!^^=

;+lIfKt gfd / k|f/D
;+lIfKt gfd / k|f/D;+lIfKt gfd / k|f/D
;+lIfKt gfd / k|f/De
ee
e M
MM
M

-!_ of] ;+ljwfgnfO{ æg]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#Æ el
gg]5 .
-@_ of] ;+ljwfg k|ltlglw;efåf/f hf/L x’g]5 / cGtl/d Joj: yflksf–;+;båf/f
cg’df]bg ul/g]5 . o;sf] sfof{Gjog ;DaGwL lj:t[t Joxf]/f cg ‘;”rL–# df pNn]v eP
adf]lhd x’g]5 . -#_ ldlt @)^# dªl;/ % ut] g]kfn ;/sf/ / g]=s=kf= -dfcf ]jfbL_ aLr
;DkGg …lj:t[t zflGt ;Demf}tfÚ / ldlt @)^# dªl;/ @@ ut] ;DkGg …xltof/ / ;]gfsf] Joj:yfkgsf] cg’udg ;DaGwL ;Demf}tfÚ cg’;”rL–$ df /flvPs f] 5 .
-$_ of] ;+ljwfg ;+jt b’O{xhf/ lq;¶L ;fn df3 dlxgfsf] Ps u t] ;f]daf/b]lv
k|f/De x’g]5 .

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!^&=
!^&= !^&=
!^&=

vf/]hL
vf/]hLvf/]hL
vf/]hL M
MM
M g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg, @)$& vf/]h ul/Psf] 5 .

cg’;”rL
cg’;”rL cg’;”rL
cg’;”rL–
––
–!
!!
!

–
—
-wf/f ^ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
wf/f ^ ;Fu ;DalGwt_wf/f ^ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
wf/f ^ ;Fu ;DalGwt_

/fli6«o em08f
/fli6«o em08f /fli6«o em08f
/fli6«o em08f

–
—
-s_
s_ s_
s_ lsgf/fleqsf] cfsf/ agfpg] tl/sf
lsgf/fleqsf] cfsf/ agfpg] tl/sflsgf/fleqsf] cfsf/ agfpg] tl/sf
lsgf/fleqsf] cfsf/ agfpg] tl/sf

(1)
Pp6f l;ld|s /Ësf] /ftf] sk8fdf tNnf] efudf rflxPsf] hlt nDafOsf] /]vf afofFaf6
bflxg]lt/ lvRg] / o;nfO{ s v gfd /fVg] .
(2) s af6 ;Lwf dfly u ;Dd s v sf] nDafO hltdf s v s} t[tLo f+z yKbf hlt x’G5 Tolt
nfdf] x’g] u/L s u /]vf lvRg] . s u df s af6 s v sf] nD afO hlt lnO{ 3 lrGxf] nufpg] .
v / 3 hf]8g] .

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(3) v 3 /]vfdf v af6 s v hlt lnO{ ª lrGxf] nfpg] .
(4) ª x’Fb} s v sf] ;dfgfGt/ kf/]/ s u df kg]{ laGb’ r af6 z’? u/L bflxg]lt/ 5 ;Dd s v sf] nDafO hlt /]vf lvRg] .
(5) u / 5 nfO{ hf]8g] .
–
—
-v_
v_ v_
v_ rGb| agfpg] tl/sf
rGb| agfpg] tl/sfrGb| agfpg] tl/sf
rGb| agfpg] tl/sf

(6)
s v sf] rt’yf+{z hlt s af6 bflxg]df h lrGxf] nfpg] / Tox fFaf6 dfly s u sf] ;dfgfGt/
kf/]/ u 5 nfO{ em df 5’g] /]vf lvRg] .
(7) u r sf] cfwf ` af6 s v sf] ;dfgfGt/ kf/]/ /]vf bfofFlt/ lvrL u 5 nfO{ 6 df 5’g] .
(8) ` 6 / h em /]vf sfl6Psf] 7fpFdf 7 lrGxf] /fVg] .
(9) ` / 5 hf]8g] .
(10) ` 5 / h em sfl6Psf] laGb’df 8 lrGxf] nfpg] .
(11) 8 nfO{ s]Gb| dfgL v 3 /]vfnfO{ Go”gtd cGt/ kg]{ u/L :kz{ ubf { x’g] hlt b”/L kg]{ u/L h em
/]vfsf] tNnf] efudf 9 lrGxf] nufpg] .
(12) 8 df 5f]O{ s v sf] ;dfgfGt/ /]vf afofFaf6 bfofFlt/ lvRg] / o;n] s u nfO{ 5f]Psf] ljGb’sf] gfd 0f /fVg] .
(13) 7 s]Gb| lnP/ 7 9 Jof;f4{n] tNnf] efudf j[Q v08 lvRg] / 0f 8 af6 uPsf] /]vfnfO{ o;n] 5f]Psf] b’j} 7fpFdf qmdzM t / y gfd /fVg] .
(14) 8 nfO{ s]Gb| dfgL 8 y Jof;f4{n] tNnf] efudf cw{ j[Qfsf/ t y nfO{ 5’g] u/L lvRg] .
(15) 9 s]Gb| dfgL 9 8 sf] Jof;f4{n] t 9 y j[Q v08sf] b’j}tkm{ 5’g ] u/L j[Q v08 lvRg] / o;n] t 9 y nfO{ 5f]Psf] ljGb’x¿sf] gfd qmdzM b / 9 /fVg] . b w nfO{ hf]8g] . b 9 / h em
sfl6Psf] ljGb’sf] gfd g /fVg] .
(16) g nfO{ s]Gb| dfg]/ Jof;f4{ g w n] t 9 y sf] dflyNnf] efudf b’j} 7fpFdf 5’g] u/L cw{
j[Qfsf/ lvRg] .
(17) g nfO{ s]Gb| dfg]/ Jof;f4{ g 8 n] t 9 y sf] dflyNnf] efudf b’j} 7fpFdf 5’g] u/L j[Q v08
lvRg] .
(18) of] cg’;”rLsf] g+= -!^_ sf] cw{ j[Qfsf/ leq / g+= -!&_ sf] j[Q v08 aflx/ rGb|dfsf] cf7j6f
a/fa/sf sf]0f agfpg] .

–
—
-u_
u_ u_
u_ ;”o{ agfpg] tl/sf
;”o{ agfpg] tl/sf;”o{ agfpg] tl/sf
;”o{ agfpg] tl/sf

(19)
s r sf] cfwf k af6 s v sf] ;dfgfGt/ kf/]/ v ª df 5’g] u/L k km /]vf lvRg] .
(20) h em / k km sfl6Psf] laGb’ a s]Gb| dfg]/ 8 9 sf] Jof;f4{ n] j[Qfsf/ k”/f lvRg] .

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(21) a nfO{ s]Gb| dfg]/ 7 9 Jof;f4{n] j[Qfsf/ k”/f lvRg] .
(22) of] cg’;”rLsf] g+= -@)_ sf] j[Qfsf/ aflx/ / of] cg’;”rLsf] g+= -@!_ sf] j[Qfsf/leq k/]sf] uf]n
3]/fsf] aLr efudf ;”o{sf] afx|j6f a/fa/sf sf]0fx¿ b’O{ r’Rrf x¿n] h em /]vfdf 5’g] u/L
agfpg] . –
—
-3_
3_ 3_
3_ lsgf/f agfpg] tl/sf
lsgf/f agfpg] tl/sflsgf/f agfpg] tl/sf
lsgf/f agfpg] tl/sf

(23)
g 9 sf] rf}8fO hlt uf9f gLnf] /Ësf] lsgf/f em08fsf] cfsf /sf] aflx/L ;a}lt/sf] ;Ldfdf
yKg], t/ em08fsf] kfFr sf]0fx¿df rflx+ aflx/L sf]0fx¿ kl g leq} ;/xsf agfpg] .
(24) em08f 8f]/L nufO{ k|of]u u/]df dfly atfOPs} kl§ /fVg] . e m08f n67Ldf 3′;fg]{ xf] eg] s u
kl§ cfjZos k/] hlt lsgf/f rf}8ofpg] . 8f]/L jf n67Lsf ] k|of]udf s u sf] kl§df Kjfn
/fVg] .
:ki6Ls/0f :ki6Ls/0f:ki6Ls/0f
:ki6Ls/0f
M
MM
M em08f agfpFbf lvlrPsf h em b w, r ª, ª 3, ` 5, 0f
y, ` 6 / k km /]vfx¿
slNkt x’g . To:t} ;”o{sf aflx/L / leqL j[Qfsf/x¿ tyf v’k]{ rGb| afx]s c? j[Q v08 klg
slNkt x’g . lognfO{ v08df b]vfOFb}g .
cg’;”rL–!s=
-wf/f #^r= / wf/f #^em= sf] pkwf/f -@_ ;u ;DalGwt_

/fi6«klt tyf pk/fi6«kltn] lng] kb tyf uf]kgLotfsf] zkysf ] 9f“rf

d -/fi6«klt÷pk/fi6«kltsf] k”/f gfd_ == === === == === === == d’n’s / hgtfk|lt k”0f{ akmbf/
/xL ;Tolgi7fk”j{s k|lt1f u5′{÷O{Zj/sf] gfddf zky lnG5′ ls g]kfnsf] /fhsLo ;Qf /
;fj{ef}d;Qf g]kfnL hgtfdf /x]sf] g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @ )^# k|lt k”0f{ akmfbf/ /x“
b}
/fi6«klt÷pk/fi6«klt kbsf] sfdsfh k|rlnt sfg”gsf] cwLgdf / xL d’n’s / hgtfsf] ;f]emf] lrtfO{, s;}sf] 8/ gdfgL, kIfkft gu/L, k”jf{u|x jf v/fa ef jgf glnO{
sOdfGbf/Ltfsf ;fy ug]{5′
/ cfkmgf] st{Jo kfngfsf] l;nl;nfdf cfkm”nfO{ hfgsf/Ldfcf Psf] s’/f d kbdf axfn /xbf jf
g/xbf h’g;’s} cj:yfdf klg sfg”gsf] kfngf ubf{ afx]s c? cj: yfdf s’g} lsl;daf6 klg k|s6
jf ;+s]t ug]{ 5}g .

gfd, y/ M =====================
ldlt M ========================= ;xL M ============ ===============
 rf}+yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk s kfFrf} ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

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6cg’;”rL–@
======================== cg’;”rL–#
-wf/f !^^ sf] pkwf/f -@_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_

ldlt @)^# ;fn dªl;/ % ut] g]kfn ;/sf/ / g]=s=kf= -dfcf]jfbL_ aLr ;DkGg …lj:t[t
zflGt ;Demf}tfÚ / ldlt @)^# ;fn dªl;/ @@ ut] ;DkGg …xl tof/ tyf ;]gfsf] Joj:yfkgsf] cg’udg ;DaGwL ;Demf}tfÚ adf]lhd xltof/sf] Joj:yfkg / cg ‘udg ;’? ePkl5 k|ltlglw;efåf/f
of] ;+ljwfg hf/L x’g]5 / cGtl/d Joj:yflksf–;+;båf/f cg’d f]bg x’g]5 .

6 kfFrf} ;+zf]wgåf/f lemlsPsf] .

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cg’;”rL–$
-wf/f !^^ sf] pkwf/f -#_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_

g]kfn ;/sf/ / g]kfn sDo’lgi6 kf6L{ -dfcf]jfbL_ aLr ePsf ]

lj:t[t zflGt ;Demf}tf

k|:tfjgf
k|:tfjgf k|:tfjgf
k|:tfjgf

g]kfnL hgtfn] @))& ;fn klxn]b]lv xfn;Dd k6s k6s ub}{ cfPsf P]ltxfl;s ;+3if{ /
hgcfGbf]ng dfk{mt nf]stGq, zflGt / cu|udgsf kIfdf k|s6 ePsf] hgfb]zsf] ;Ddfg ub}{,
;ft /fhgLlts bn / g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ aLr ;DkGg !@ a’Fb ] ;dembf/L, * a’Fb] ;xdlt,
g]kfn ;/sf/ / g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ aLr ;DkGg @% a’Fb] cfrf/; +lxtf, @)^# ;fn sflt{s @@ ut] ;ft /fhgLlts bn / g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf zLif{ g]tfx?sf] a}7ss f lg0f{ox? nufot g]kfn ;/sf/ /

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g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ aLr ;DkGg ;a} ;Demf}tf, ;xdlt, cfr f/;+lxtf / ;+o’Qm /fi6« ;+3nfO{ k|]lift
;dfg wf/0ffsf] kqfrf/k|lt k”0f{ k|ltj4tfsf] k’gk'{li6 ub}{, b]zdf ljBdfg juL{o, hftLo, If]qLo, n}+lus ;d:ofx?nfO{ ;d fwfg ug{ /fHosf] cu|ufdL
k’g{;+/rgf ug]{ ;+sNk ub}{, k|lt:kwf{Tds ax’bnLo nf]stflGqs zf;g Joj:yf, gful/s :jt Gqtf, df}lns clwsf/, dfgj
clwsf/, k”0f{ k|]; :jtGqtf tyf sfg”gL /fHosf] cjwf/0ff nu fot nf]stflGqs d”NodfGotf k|ltsf] k”0f{ k|ltj4tfnfO{ bf]xf]¥ofpb}, dfgj clwsf/sf] ljZjJofkL 3f]if0ffkq, !($* tyf cGt/f{li 6«o dfgjLo sfg’g tyf dfgj
clwsf/ ;DaGwL cfwf/e”t l;4fGt / dfGotfx?k|lt k|ltj4 /x Fb},
:jtGq, lgikIf / eod’Qm jftfj/0fdf ;+ljwfg ;efsf] lgjf{r gdf ;xefuL x’g kfpg] g]kfnL
hgtfsf] cfwf/e”t clwsf/sf] k|Tofe”lt ub}{, nf]stGq, zflGt, ;d[l4, cu|ufdL cfly{s–;fdflhs kl/jt{g ty f b]zsf] :jtGqtf, cv08tf,
;fj{ef}ldstf / :jfledfgnfO{ s]Gb|df /fVb}, @)^$ ;fn h]7 dlxgfleq :jtGq / lgikIf ?kn] ;+ljwfg ;efsf ] lgjf{rg ;DkGg ug]{
k|ltj4tfnfO{ sfof{Gjog ug]{ b[9tf JoQm ub}{ , ;+ljwfg ;efdfkm{t g]kfnL hgtfsf] ;fj{ef}d;Qfsf] ;’lglZrttf, cu|ufdL /fhgLlts lgsf;,
/fHosf] nf]stflGqs k’g;{+/rgf / cfly{s–;fdflhs–;f+:s[lts ?k fGt/0f ug{ b’j} kIfaLr ePsf] /fhgLlts ;xdltsf cfwf/df b]zdf @)%@ ;fnb]lv rNb} cfPs f] ;z:q åGånfO{ cGTo u/L
zflGtk”0f{ ;xsfo{sf] gofF cWofo k|f/De ePsf] 3f]if0ff ub}{,
g]kfn ;/sf/ / g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ sf aLr ePsf] o’4lj/fdnf O{ bL3{sfnLg zflGtdf kl/0ft
ug]{ k|ltj4tfsf;fy g]kfn ;/sf/ / g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ sf aLr of] lj:t[t zflGt ;Demf}tf ;DkGg
ul/Psf] 5 . !=
!=!=
!=

k|f/lDes
k|f/lDesk|f/lDes
k|f/lDes
M
M M
M

!=! o; ;Demf}tfsf] gfd ælj:t[t zflGt ;Demf}tf, @)^#Æ / x]sf] 5 . 5f]6s/Ldf o;
;Demf}tfnfO{ zflGt ;Demf}tf elgg] 5 .
!=@ of] ;Demf}tf ;/sf/ kIf / dfcf]jfbL kIfsf] ;fj{hlgs 3f]if0ff dfkm{t cfh}sf ldltb]lv
nfu” x’g]5 .
!=# b’j} kIfn] cf–cfˆgf] dftxtsf ;a} lgsfonfO{ of] ;Demf}t f tTsfn sfof{Gjog tyf
kfngf ug{ cfjZos lgb]{zg hf/L ug]{5g / sfof{Gjog ug]{ u/fpg ] 5g .
!=$ cg’;”rLdf ;ªnUg ;ft /fhgLlts bn, ;/sf/ / dfcf]jf bL kIf aLr ePsf ;a}
;xdlt, ;dembf/L, cfrf/;+lxtf / lg0f{ox? o; ;Demf}tfsf] cleGg cË dflgg] 5g .

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!=% of] ;Demf}tf sfof{Gjog ug{ cfjZostf cg’;f/ kl5 ul/g ] ;xdlt / ;Demf}tfx? klg
o;}sf c+u dflgg] 5g .
@=
@=@=
@=

kl/efiff
kl/efiffkl/efiff
kl/efiff
M
M M
M ljifo jf k|;+un] csf]{ cy{ gnfu]df o; ;Demf}tfdf M–
-s_ æo’4lj/fdÆ eGgfn] g]kfn ;/sf/ tyf g]=s=kf= -dfcf]j fbL_ aLr Ps csf{nfO{ nlIft
u/L ul/g] ;a} k|sf/sf cfqmd0f, ckx/0f, a]kQf, y’g5]s, ;z: q anx?sf] kl/rfng,
;’b[9Ls/0f, cfqmfds Pj+ lx+;fTds sf/jfxL tyf h’g;’s} dfWod af6 ;dfhdf ljWj+z
km}nfpg], pQ]lht kfg{] Pjd e8sfpg] lqmofsnfk lgif]w ug]{ sfo {nfO{ hgfpF5 .
-v_ æcGtl/d ;+ljwfgÆ eGgfn] ;+ljwfg ;efåf/f gofF ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f eO{ nfu” geP;Ddsf] nflu hf/L ul/g] æg]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg @)^#Æ nfO{ hgfp F5 .
-u_ æcGtl/d dlGqkl/ifbÆ eGgfn] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg adf]lhd u7g x’g] æcGtl/d
dlGqkl/ifbÆ
nfO{ hgfpF5 .
-3_ æb’j} kIfÆ eGgfn] g]kfn ;/sf/ kIf / g]kfn sDo’lgi6 k f6L{ -dfcf]jfbL_
kIfnfO{ hgfpF5 .
-ª_ …k|rlnt sfg’gÚ eGgfn] g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg @)^# / o;;Fu gaflemPsf k|rlnt
g]kfn sfg’gnfO{ hgfpF5 . t/ o; kl/efiffn] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg @)^# hf/L x’g’ cl3sf] sfg’gL Joj:yfnfO{ jfwf k’¥ofpg] 5}g .
-r_ …k|df0fLs/0fÚ eGgfn] ;+o’Qm /fi6« ;+3n] ;]gf, n8fs’ / x ltof/sf] k|df0fLs/0f u/L oyfy{
nut tof/ kfg]{ ljifonfO{ hgfpF5 .
#=
#=#=
#=

/fhgLlts
/fhgLlts /fhgLlts
/fhgLlts –
––
–cfly{s
cfly{scfly{s
cfly{s–
––
– ;fdflhs ?kfGt/0f / åGå Joj:yfkg
;fdflhs ?kfGt/0f / åGå Joj:yfkg ;fdflhs ?kfGt/0f / åGå Joj:yfkg
;fdflhs ?kfGt/0f / åGå Joj:yfkg
M
M M
M

b’j} kIf b]xfoadf]lhd
/fhgLlts–cfly{s– ;fdflhs ?kfGt/0fsf] gLlt tyf sfo{qmd cjnDjg ug{ / b]zdf ljBdfg
åGåsf] ;sf/fTds 9Ën] Joj:yfkg ug{ ;xdt 5g M
#=!= @)^# sflt{s @@ ut] ;DkGg ;ft bn / g]skf -dfcf]jfbL _sf zLif{ g]tfx?sf] a}7ssf
lg0f{ox? -cg’;”rL–^_ sf cfwf/df b]zdf cu|ufdL /fhgLlts, cfly{s / ;fdflhs
kl/jt{g ;’lglZrt ug]{ .
#=@ cGtl/d ;+ljwfgsf cfwf/df cGtl/d Joj:yflksf –;+ ;b u7g ug]{ / cGtl/d
;/sf/åf/f cfufdL @)^$ h]7 dlxgfleq :jtGq / lgikIf ?kd f ;+ljwfg ;efsf] lgjf{rg ;DkGg ug]{ / g]kfnL hgtfdf cGt/lglxt ;fj{ef}d;Qfs f] Jojxfl/s k|Tofe”lt
ug]{ .
#=# d’n’ssf] zf;g Joj:yf ;DaGwL s’g} klg clwsf/ /fhfdf g /xg] . :juL{o /fhf jL/]Gb|,
/fgL P]Zjo{ / lghx?sf kl/jf/sf] ;DklQ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] dft xtdf NofO{ 6«i6 agfP/
/fi6«lxtdf k|of]u ug]{ . /fhfsf] x}l;otn] /fhf 1fg]Gb|nfO{ k| fKt ePsf ;a} ;DklQx? –

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h:t} ljleGg :yfgsf b/af/x?, jg tyf lgs’~hx?, P]ltxfl;s / k’/ftflTjs dxTjsf
;Dkbfx? cflb_ /fli6«os/0f ug]{ . /fh;+:yf sfod /fVg] o f g/fVg] af/] ;+ljwfg ;efsf] klxnf] a}7såf/f ;fwf/0f ax’dtn] 6’+uf] nufpg] .
#=$ ljZjJofkL ?kdf :jLs[t cfwf/e”t dfgj clwsf/, ax’bnL o k|lt:kwf{Tds nf]stflGqs
k|0ffnL, hgtfdf lglxt ;fj{ef}d;Qf / hgtfsf] ;jf]{Rrtf, ; +j}wflgs ;Gt’ng /
lgoGq0f, ljlwsf] zf;g, ;fdflhs Gofo / ;dfgtf, :jtGq Gofokflnsf, cfjlws
lgjf{rg, gful/s ;dfhsf] cg’udg, k”0f{ k|]; :jtGqtf, hgtf sf] ;”rgfsf] clwsf/,
/fhgLlts bnx?sf lqmofsnfkx?df kf/blz{tf / hjfkmb]xLtf , hg;xeflutf, lgikIf,
;Ifd tyf :jR5 k|zf;gtGqsf cjwf/0ffx?sf] k”0f{ kl/kfngf ug]{ /fhgLlts k|0ffnL
cjnDjg ug]{ / e|i6frf/ tyf åGblxgtfsf] cGTo ub}{ ;’zf;g sf od ug]{ .
#=% juL{o, hftLo, eflifs, n}lËs, ;f+:s[lts, wfld{s / If]q Lo e]befjsf] cGTo ub}{ dlxnf,
blnt, cflbjf;L hghflt,dw]zL, pTkLl8t, pk]lIft / cNk; ªVos ;d’bfo,lk5l8Psf
If]q nufotsf ;d:ofx?nfO{ ;+jf]wg ug{ /fHosf] jt{dfg s]Gb|L s[t / PsfTds
9fFrfsf] cGTo u/L /fHosf] ;dfj]zL, nf]stflGqs / cu|ufdL k’g;{/rgf ug]{ .
#=^ ;fdGtjfbsf ;j} ?kx?sf] cGTo ug]{ cfly{s ;fdflhs ?kfG t/0fsf] Go”gtd ;femf
sfo{s|d cfk;L ;xdltn] to u/]/ nfu” ub}{ hfg] .
#=& ;fdGtL e”:jfldTjsf] cGTo ub}{ j}1flgs e”ld;’wf/ sfo{s|d nfu” ug]{ gLlt cjnDjg
ug]{ .
#=* /fli6«o pBf]uwGbf / ;fwg>f]tsf] ;+/If0f / k|jw{g ug]{ gLlt cg’;/0f ug]{ .
#=( lzIff, :jf:Yo, cfjf;, /f]huf/L / vfB ;’/Iffdf ;j} gful/ssf] clwsf/ :yflkt ug]{
gLlt lng] .
#=!) ;’s’Daf;L, sd}of, xlnof, x/jfr/jf nufotsf cfly{s ; fdflhs ?kn] k5fl8 k/]sf
ju{nfO{ hUuf nufot cfly{s ;fdflhs ;’/Iffsf] Joj:yf ug]{ gL lt lng] .
#=!! ;/sf/L nfesf] kbdf /x]/ e|i6frf/ u/L cs”t ;DklQ cf h{g ug]{x? pk/ s8f
sf/afxL u/L bl08t ug]{ gLlt lng] .
#=!@ b]zsf] cfly{s–;fdflhs ?kfGt/0f Pj+ Gofosf ;fy} b]zn fO{ l56f] ;d’Ggt / cfly{s
?kn] ;d[4zfnL jgfpg Ps ;femf ljsf; cjwf/0ff lgdf{0f ug ]{ .
#=!# >ldssf k]zfut clwsf/sf] ;’lglZrttf ub}{ pBf]uwGbf, J ofkf/, lgof{t k|jw{g cflbsf
nflu nufgL j[l4 u/L /f]huf/L Pj+ cfo cfh{gsf cj;/x?sf] J ofks j[l4 ug]{ gLlt
cg’;/0f ug]{ .

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$=
$= $=
$=

;]gf / xltof/ Joj:yfkg
;]gf / xltof/ Joj:yfkg;]gf / xltof/ Joj:yfkg
;]gf / xltof/ Joj:yfkg M
M M
M

;+ljwfg ;efsf] lgjf{rgnfO{ zflGtk”0f{, lgikIf / eo/lxt
jftfj/0fdf ;DkGg ug{ / ;]gfsf] nf]stflGqs/0f tyf k’g;{+/rg f ug{ ljutdf ePsf afx« a’Fb] ;dembf/L, cf7 a’Fb] ;xdlt, kRrL; a’Fb] cfrf/;+lxtf, ;+o’Qm / fi6« ;+3nfO{ k7fOPsf] kfFr a’Fb] kq / sflt{s @@ ut] ;DkGg zLif{ g]tfx?sf] a}7ssf lg0f{ox? cg’?k lgDg sfdx? ug]{ –

Dffcf]jfbL ;]gfsf] ;DaGwdf
Dffcf]jfbL ;]gfsf] ;DaGwdf Dffcf]jfbL ;]gfsf] ;DaGwdf
Dffcf]jfbL ;]gfsf] ;DaGwdf –
––
–

$=!= @)^# ;fn ;fpg @$ ut] g]kfn ;/sf/ / g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jf bL_ sf] tk{maf6 ;+o’Qm /fi6«
;+3nfO{ k7fOPsf] kqdf JoQm k|ltj4tf cg’;f/ dfcf]jfbL ;]gf sf n8fs’x?
(Combatants) lgDg lnlvt :yfgx?df c:yfoL lzlj/x? (Can tonments) df
;Lldt /xg] . ;+o’Qm /fi6« ;+3åf/f pgLx?sf] k|df0fLs/0f / cg’udg ug]{ .
d’Vo lzlj/x? lgDg :yfgx?df /xg]5g M– != s}nfnL @= ;’v]{t #= /f]Nkf
$= gjnk/f;L %= lrtjg ^= l;Gw’nL &= Onfd
d’Vo lzlj/x? jl/kl/ #÷# j6fsf b/n] ;xfos lzlj/x? /xg ]5g .
$=@= dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs’x? lzlj/df /x]kl5 lzlj/sf] ; ‘/Iffy{ rflxg] xftxltof/ /
uf]nLu¶f jfx]s cGo ;j} xltof/x? lzlj/ leq} ;’/lIft e08f/ 0f ug]{ / Psn tfNrf
nufO{ rfjL ;DalGwt kIfn] g} /fVg] . ;f] tfNrf nufpg] k|l qmofdf ;+o’Qm /fi6« ;+3sf] lgu/fgLsf nflu p;sf] /]s8{, ;fO/g ;lxtsf] ;+oGq (Device) ;lDdlnt ug]{ .
e08f/0f ul/Psf xftxltof/x?sf] cfjZos hfFr ug'{ kbf{ ;+o’Qm /fi6« ;+3n] ;DalGwt
kIfsf] /f]xj/df ug]{ . Sofd/f cg’udg nufot o; ;DaGwsf cGo lj:t[t k|fljlws
ljj/0f ;+o’Qm /fi6« ;+3, g]=s=kf= -dfcf]jfbL_ / g]kfn ;/ sf/sf ;xdltn] tof/ ug]{ .
$=#= dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs’x? c:yfoL lzlj/df al;;s]kl5 pgLx?sf] /;bkfgL nufot
cGo cfjZos Joj:yf g]kfn ;/sf/n] ug]{ .
$=$ dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs’x?sf] /]vb]v, ;dfof]hg / k’g: yf{kgf lglDt cGtl/d
dlGqkl/ifbn] ljz]if sld6L agfP/ sfd ug]{ .
$=% dfcf]jfbL g]tfx?sf] ;’/Iff Joj:yf ;/sf/;Fusf] ;xdl tn] ug]{ .
g]kfnL ;]gfsf] ;DaGwdf –

$=^ ;+o’Qm /fi6« ;+3nfO{ k|]lift kqdf JoQm k|ltj4tf cg’;f/ g ]kfnL ;]gf Aof/]sleq ;Lldt
/xg] . p;sf xltof/x? s;}sf] klg kIf of ljkIfdf k|of]u g x’g] s’/fsf] k|Tofe”lt ug]{ .
dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf tk{maf6 e08f/0f ePsf xltof/sf] a/fa/L ;+Vofdf g]kfnL ;]gfn] klg
cfˆgf xltof/x? ;’/lIft e08f/0f ug]{ / Psn tfNrf nufO{ r fjL ;DjlGwt kIfn] g}
/fVg] . ;f] tfNrf nufpg] k|lqmofdf ;+o’Qm /fi6« ;+3sf] lgu /fgLsf] nflu p;sf] /]s8{,

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;fO/g ;lxtsf] ;+oGq (Device) ;lDdlnt ug]{ . e08f/0f ul/Psf xftxltof/x?sf] cfjZos hfFr ug'{ kbf{ ;+o’Qm /fi6« ;+3n] ;DalGwt kIfsf] /f]xj /df ug]{ . Sofd/f
cg’udg nufot o; ;DaGwsf cGo lj:t[t k|fljlws ljj/0f ;+o ‘Qm /fi6« ;+3, g]kfn
;/sf/ / g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ sf] ;xdltn] tof/ ug]{ .
$=&= g]kfnL ;]gfsf] lgoGq0f, kl/rfng / Joj:yfkg gofF ;}l gs P]g adf]lhd dlGqkl/ifbn] ug]{ . cGtl/d dlGqkl/ifbn] /fhgLlts ;xdlt / cGtl/d Jo j:yflksfsf] ;DalGwt
;ldlt;d]tsf] ;’emfj lnP/ g]kfnL ;]gfsf] nf]stflGqs/0fsf] lj :t[t sfo{of]hgf th'{df /
sfof{Gjog ug]{ . o; cGtu{t g]kfnL ;]gfsf] pko’Qm ;+Vof, nf]s tflGqs ;+/rgf, /fli6«o
/ ;dfj]zL rl/q lgdf{0f ub}{ nf]stGq / dfgjclwsf/sf] d”Noå f/f ;]gfnfO{ k|lzlIft
ug]{ nufotsf sfdx? ug]{ .
$=* g]kfnL ;]gfn] ub}{ cfPsf ;Ldf ;’/Iff, cf/If, lgs’~h, a }+s, ljdfg:yn, ljB’tu[x,
6]lnkmf]g 6fj/, s]Gb|Lo ;lrjfno, ljlzi6 JolQmx?sf] ;’/Iff nufotsf sfdx?nfO{
lg/Gttf lbg] .
%=
%=%=
%=

o’4lj/fd
o’4lj/fdo’4lj/fd
o’4lj/fd
M
M M
M

%=! ;}Go sf/jfxL / ;z:q kl/rfngsf] cGTo
M
%=!=!= b’j} kIf b]xfodf plNnlvt sfo{ gug]{ k|ltj4tf JoQm u b{5g M–
s_ k|ToIf jf ck|ToIf?kdf Ps csf{]k|lt nlIft s’g} klg lsl; dsf] xft
xltof/sf] k|of]u jf cfqmd0f ug{] sfo{,
v_ b’j} kIfsf] ;xdltn] xftxltof/ e08f/0f ul/Psf] :yfgdf xftxltof/;lxt
of /lxt?kdf csf]{ kIfsf] xftxltof/ vfgtnf;L jf j/fdbL ug{] sfo{,
u_ s’g} JolQmnfO{ gf]S;fgL ug]{ jf dfgl;s bjfj k’¥ofpg] s fo{,
3_ Ps csf{nfO{ nlIft u/L w/fk -PDa’;_ yfKg] sfo{,
ª_ xTof tyf lx+;fTds sf/jfxLx?
r_ ckx/0f÷kqmfp÷ y’g5]s÷a]kQf kfg]{ sfo{
5_ ;fj{hlgs÷lghL÷;/sf/L jf ;}lgs ;DklQ gf]S;fgL,
h_ xjfO{ cfqmd0f jf aDaf/L,
em_ hldg d’gL af?b lj5ofpg] sfo{ -dfOlgË_ / ljWj+;fTd s sfo{ -:ofjf]6]h_,
`_ Ps csf{sf] ;}lgs ultljlwsf] ;’/fsL ug{] sfo{ .
%=!=@ b’j} kIfn] yk ;}Go etL{ ug{] 5}gg / xftxltof/, uf]nLu ¶f tyf ljikmf]6s kbfy{
cf];f/ k;f/ jf Ps csf{ lj?4 ;}lgs xs{t ug{] 5}gg .

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t/, cGt/f{li6«o ;Ldf / eG;f/ ljGb’df xft xltof/, ljikmf]6s kbfy{ jf
To;sf] c+z jf sRrf kbfy{ h:tf ;fdfgx? u}/sfg”gL ?kdf cf ];f/ k;f/
ug{] sfo{ /f]Sg] ;DaGwdf cGtl/d ;/sf/n] ;’/Iff lgsfo kl/rfng u/L
u:tL ug{, vfgtnf;L ug{ jf j/fdbL ug{ ;Sg]5 .
%=!=# s’g} klg JolQm jf ;d”x cj}w xft xltof/, uf]nLu¶f / ljikmf]6s kbfy{ ;fydf
lnO{ cfjthfjt ug{] 5}gg .
%=!=$ b’j} kIf o’4sf] ;dodf k|of]u ul/Psf w/fk tyf af?bL ;’?Ëx?sf] /]vfÍg,
e08f/0f #) lbgleq Ps csf{nfO{ hfgsf/L lbg / ^) lbgleq l gis[o / lgd”{n
ug{ Ps csf{nfO{ ;xof]u ug{]5g .
%=!=% s’g} klg gful/s ;ef jf /fhg}lts ;ef jf ;fj{hlgs sfo{qmddf b’j} kIfsf
;]gf xltof/ jf sDJof6 kf]zfs;lxt pkl:yt x’g] 5}gg .
%=!=^ g]kfn k|x/L / ;z:q k|x/Ln] hgcfGbf]ng / zflGt ; Demf}tfsf] dd{ / efjgf
cg’?k tyf k|rlnt sfg”gadf]lhd sfg”g Joj:yf / zflGt ;’Joj: yf Pj+ ck/fw
cg’;Gwfgsf] sfo{ rfn’ /fVg]5 .
%=!=& Ps kIfsf ;z:q JolQmn] csf{] kIfsf ;z:q JolQmnfO{ …zq’Ú egL ;Daf]wg ug{
/ Jojxf/ ug{ ;d]t /f]s nufpg] u/L cf–cfˆgf ;z:q lgsfo / JolQmnfO{
kl/kq ug{]5g .
%=!=* ;z:q åGåsf] qmddf sAhf ul/Psf, tfnf nufOPsf j f k|of]u ug{
glbOPsf ;/sf/L, ;fj{hlgs, lghL ejg, hldg tyf cGo ;Dk lQx? nut v8f
u/L tTsfn lkmtf{ ug{ b’j} kIf ;xdlt JoQm ub{5g .
%=@ l:ylt ;fdfGoLs/0fsf pkfox?
M
%=@=! OR5f ljk/Lt tyf k|rlnt sfg’g k|lts”n gub tyf lhG; L ;+sng / s/ c;”nL
ug{ kfOg] 5}g .
%=@=@ cfˆgf sAhfdf /x]sf dflg;x?sf] af/]df hfgsf/L ;fj {hlgs u/L !% lbgleq
;a}nfO{ d’Qm ug{ b’j} kIf d~h’/ ub{5g .
%=@=# b’j} kIfåf/f j]kQf kfl/Psf JolQmx?sf] tyf o’4sf] ; dodf dfl/Psfx?sf] jf:tljs gfd,y/ / 3/sf] 7]ufgf ;Demf}tf ePsf] ldltn] ^) lbgleq ;”rgfx?
;fj{hlgs u/L kl/jf/hgnfO{ ;d]t hfgsf/L pknAw u/fpg d~h ‘/ ub{5g .
%=@=$ b’j} kIf ;z:q åGåaf6 pTkGg ljifd kl/l:yltnfO{ ;f dfGoLs/0f ub{} ;dfhdf
zflGt sfod u/fpg tyf o’4af6 kLl8t / lj:yflkt JolQmx ?sf] nflu /fxt sfo{ /

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k’g:yf{kg u/fpg /fli6«o zflGt tyf k’g:yf{kg cfof]u u7g ug{ / To;dfkm{t
o;;DaGwL sfd cufl8 a9fpg ;xdt 5g .
%=@=% b’j} kIf ;z:q åGåsf qmddf dfgj clwsf/sf] u+eL/ p Nn+3g ug]{ tyf dfgjtf
lj?4sf] ck/fwdf ;+nUgx?sf] af/]df ;To cGj]if0f ug{ / ;dfh df d]nldnfksf] jftfj/0f lgdf{0f ug{ cfk;L ;xdltaf6 pRr:t/Lo ;To lg?k 0f tyf d]nldnfk
cfof]usf] u7g ug{ ;xdt 5g .
%=@=^ b’j} kIf g]kfnL ;dfhdf nf]stGq, zflGt / cu|ufdL k l/jt{g ;’lglZrt ug]{
k|ltj4tfsf;fy b]zdf ljBdfg ;a} :j?ksf o’4, cfqmd0f, k|To fqmd0f, lx+;f /
k|ltlx+;f kl/Tofu ug]{ k|lt1f ub{5g . zflGt :yfkgf / zflG t ;’/Iffsf] Joj:yfdf b’j} kIfn] Ps csf{nfO{ ;xof]u ug]{ s’/fdf ;xdlt /x ]sf] 5 .
%=@=& b’j} kIf ljleGg JolQmx?nfO{ /fhgLlts sf/0fn] nuf OPsf cf/f]k, bfjL,
ph’/L / ljrf/fwLg /x]sf d’2fdfldnf lkmtf{ lng / y’gfdf / flvPsf aGbLx?sf] l:ylt tTsfn} ;fj{hlgs u/L t’?Gt l/xf ul/g] Uof/]G6L ub{5 g .
%=@=* b’j} kIf ;z:q åGåsf] qmddf lj:yflkt JolQmx?nfO{ /fhgLlts k”jf{u|x lagf
:j]R5fn] cf–cfˆgf] k}t[s jf k”j{ a;f]af;sf] :yfgdf kms{g lbg, o’4sf sf/0fn] gi6
ePsf k”jf{wf/x? k’glg{df{0f ug{ / lj:yflkt JolQmx?nfO{ ; ;Ddfg k’g{:yfkgf tyf
;fdfhLs/0f ug{ k|ltj4tf JoQm ub{5g .
%=@=( pk/f]Qm ;Gbe{df pTkGg ;d:ofx? cfk;L ;xdltsf] c fwf/df ;dfwfg ug{ Pj+
cfk;L ;DaGw ;fdfGoLs/0f tyf d]nldnfk ug{ cg’s’n jftfj /0f >[hgf ug{] sfo{df
;a} /fhlglts bnx?, gful/s ;dfh / :yfgLo ;+3 ;+:yfx? ;d ]tsf] ;xof]udf
JolQmut tyf ;fd’lxs ?kdf pQ/bfloTj lnO{ sfof{Gjog ug{ u/fpg b’j} kIf ;xdt
5g .
%=@=!) b’j} kIf kl/jf/sf s’g} ;b:o Ps csf{ kIf;Fu ;Dj4 ePsf cfwf/df kl/jf/sf
cGo ;b:ox?dfly s’g} klg lje]b gug{ / s’g} klg bjfj glbg k |lta4tf hfx]/
ub{5g .
%=@=!! g]kfn ;/sf/ tyf ;fj{hlgs lgsfosf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ b]zsf] s’g} klg
efudf :jtGq ?kdf cfjthfjt ug{, cfˆgf] st{Jo kfng ug{ ty f cfkmgf] sfo{;Dkfbgsf] qmddf ltgLx?nfO{ s’g} klg lsl;dsf] jfwf cj/ f]w v8f gug{ /
To:tf] cj/f]w v8f x’g glbg tyf pgLx?sf] sfddf ;xof]u ug { b’j} kIf ;xdt
5g .

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%=@=!@ ;+o’Qm /fi6« ;+3, cGt/f{li6«o bft[ ;d’bfo nufot g]kfn l:yt s”6g}lts lgof]u,
/fli6«o jf cGt/f{li6«o u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yf, k|];, dfgj clwsf/ jfbLx?, lgjf{rg
ko{j]Ifs tyf ljb]zL ko{6sx?nfO{ g]kfn /fHoleq sfg’g adf]lhd lgjf{w cfjt
hfjt ug{ lbg] s’/fdf b’j} kIf ;xdt 5g .
%=@=!# b’j} kIf k|rf/–k|;f/sf sfo{qmdx? lzi6 / dof{lbt 9Ën] ;+rfng ug{ k|lta4
5g .
^=
^=^=
^=

o’4 ;dflKt
o’4 ;dflKto’4 ;dflKt
o’4 ;dflKt
M
M M
M

^=! @)^# sflt{s @@ ut] ;ft /fhgLlts bn / g]skf -dfcf]jfb L_ aLr ;DkGg P]ltxfl;s
;xdltsf] cfwf/df ;/sf/ dfcf]jfbLaLr rfn” o’4lj/fdnfO{ : yfoL ?k lbb} @)%@
;fnb]lv rlncfPsf] ;z:q o’4 ;dfKt ePsf] 3f]if0ff ub{5f}+ .
^=@ ;ft bn / g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ sf zLif{ g]tfx?sf] @)^# ;fn sflt{s @@ ut]sf] a}7saf6 ePsf lg0f{ox? bL3{sfnLg zflGtsf] nflu d”n gLltut cfwf/ x’g]5g .

^=# g]kfnL ;]gf Aof/]sdf / dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs’x? c:yf oL lzlj/df cfO;s]kl5
;xdlt, ;Demf}tf / sfg’g k|lts”n xltof/ /fVg, k|bz{g, 8/q f; / s’g} klg ?kdf lx+;f
/ xltof/sf] k|of]u ug{ sfg”gtM b08gLo x’g]5 .
^=$ b’j} kIfsf ;]gfn] s;}sf] kIf jf ljkIfdf k|rf/ k|;f/ u g{ / kIf ljkIfdf nfUg
kfpg] 5}gg . t/ pgLx?nfO{ dtflwsf/af6 jl~rt ul/g]5}g .
&=
&=&=
&=

dfgj clwsf/, df}lns clwsf/ / dfgjLo sfg”gsf] kl/kfngf
dfgj clwsf/, df}lns clwsf/ / dfgjLo sfg”gsf] kl/kfngfdfgj clwsf/, df}lns clwsf/ / dfgjLo sfg”gsf] kl/kfngf
dfgj clwsf/, df}lns clwsf/ / dfgjLo sfg”gsf] kl/kfngf
M
M M
M

dfgj clwsf/sf] ljZjJofkL
3f]if0ffkq, !($* tyf cGt/f{li6«o dfgjLo sfg”g / dfgj cl wsf/ ;DaGwL cfwf/e”t
l;4fGt / dfGotfx?k|lt k|ltj4 /xFb} b’j} kIf b]xfosf ljif ox?df cfkmgf] ;xdlt hgfpF5g
M
&=! dfgj clwsf/
M
&=!=! b’j} kIfn] dfgj clwsf/k|ltsf] ;Ddfg / ;+/If0f tyf c Gt/f{li6«o dfgjLo
sfg”gk|ltsf] k|ltj4tfsf] k’gMk’li6 ub{5g / s’g} klg JolQm pk/ j0f{, lnË, efiff,
wd{, pd]/, hft hflt, /fli6«o jf ;fdflhs pTklQ, ;DklQ, ckfËtf, hGd / cGo
x}l;ot, ljrf/ jf cf:yfsf] cfwf/df e]befj x’g’ x’Fb}g eGg] s’/ fnfO{ :jLsf/
ub{5g .
&=!=@ b’j} kIf g]kfnL hgtfsf] gful/s, /fhg}lts, cfly{s, ; fdflhs / ;f+:s[lts
clwsf/sf] pkef]u ug{] jftfj/0f l;h{gf ug{ ;xdt 5g / eljio df s’g} klg
cj:yfdf o:tf clwsf/ xgg gx’g] jftfj/0f agfpg k|ltj4 5g .

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&=!=# b’j} kIf ;Demf}tf kqdf pNn]v ePsf clwsf/sf] pkef]u df afwf k’¥ofpg] lhDd]jf/ JolQmx? dfly sfg’g cg’;f/ lgikIf 5fgjLg tyf s f/jfxL x’g]5 egL
k|ltj4tf hfx]/ ub{5g / b08lxgtfnfO{ k|>o glbg] ;’lglZrttf k|bfg ub{5g .
o;sf ;fy} åGå / oftgf kLl8t tyf j]kQf kfl/Psfx?sf] kl /jf/sf] /fxt k|fKt
ug{] clwsf/nfO{ ;d]t ;’lglZrt ub{5g .
&=!=$ b’j} kIfn] ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ oftgf lbg], ckx/0f ug{], ha /h:tL s’g} sfddf nufpg] sfd ug]{ 5}gg / To:tf sfo{nfO{ lg?T;flxt ug{ cfjZos sf/af xL ;d]t ug{]5g .
&=!=% b’j} kIfn] wd{ lg/k]Iftfsf] d”No dfGotfsf cfwf/df s ‘g} klg ;fdflhs,
;f+:s[lts, wfld{s ;+j]bgzLntf, wfld{s :yn / JolQmsf] wfld{s cf:yfsf] ;Ddfg ug{]5g .
&=@ afFRg kfpg] clwsf/
M
&=@=!= b’j} kIfn] JolQmsf] afFRg kfpg] cfwf/e”t clwsf/sf] ;Ddfg / ;+/If0f ub{5g .
s;}nfO{ klg of] cfwf/e”t clwsf/af6 jl~rt ul/g] 5}g tyf d[T o’b08 lbOg] u/L
s’g} klg sfg’g agfOg] 5}g .
&=# j}olQms dof{bf, :jtGqtf / cfjthfjtsf] clwsf/

&=#=!= b’j} kIfn] j}olQms dof{bfsf] clwsf/sf] ;Ddfg / /Iff ub{5g . o; l;nl;nfdf
sfg”g adf]lhd :jtGqtfsf] pkef]u ug{af6 jl~rt JolQm nufot sf]xL klg
oftgf jf cGo q’m/, cdfgjLo jf ckdfghgs Jojxf/ jf ;hf osf kfq x’g] 5}gg . sfg’gtM gful/ssf] uf]kgLotfsf] clwsf/nfO{ ;Ddfg u l/g]5 .
&=#=@= b’j} kIfn] JolQmsf] :jtGqtf / ;’/Iffsf] clwsf/sf ] k”0f{ ;Ddfg ub}{ s;}nfO{
klg :j]R5frf/L jf u}/sfg”gL y’gfdf /fVg], ckx/0f ug]{ jf a Gws agfpg] 5}gg . b’j} kIfn] a]kQf kf/]sf / sAhfdf /fv]sf k|To]s JolQm sf] cj:yf
;fj{hlgs ug{ / ltgLx?sf kl/jf/hg, sfg”gL ;Nnfxsf/ / cG o cflwsfl/s
JolQmnfO{ o;;+u ;DalGwt hfgsf/L lbg ;xdt 5g .
&=#=# b’j} kIfn] k|To]s gful/ssf] :jtGqtfk”j{s cfjthfjt u g{ kfpg] clwsf/ tyf
cfˆgf] a;f]af;sf] :yfg sfg’gL dof{bfdf /xL 5fGg] :jtGqtfn fO{ ;Ddfg tyf
;+/If0f ub}{ åGåaf6 lj:yflkt ePsf JolQm / lghsf kl/jf/ x? cfˆgf] d”n
af;:yfgdf kms{g kfpg] jf ltgLx?n] rfx] cg’;f/ cGo s’g} 7fp Fdf a;f]af;
ug{ kfpg] clwsf/sf] ;Ddfg ug{] k|ltj4tf JoQm ub{5g .
&=$ gful/s tyf /fhgLlts clwsf/

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&=$=! b’j} kIf k|To]s JolQmsf] ljrf/, cleJolQm, ;+3;+:yf vf]Ng] tyf zflGtk”j{s e]nf
x’g] :jtGqtf tyf zf]if0f lj?4sf] xssf] ;Ddfg / ;+/If0f u g{ k|ltj4 5g .
&=$=@ b’j} kIf k|To]s gful/snfO{ k|ToIf jf cfk”mn] OR5fPsf] k|ltlglw dfkm{t
;fj{hlgs ;/f]sf/sf] ljifodf efu lng], dtbfg ug{], lgjf{lrt x’g] / ;fj{hlgs
;]jfdf k|j]zsf] ;dfgtfsf] clwsf/sf] ;Ddfg ub{5g .
&=$=# b’j} kIf JolQmsf] ;’;”lrt x’g] clwsf/sf] ;Ddfg ug{ k|l tj4 5g .
&=% cfly{s– ;fdflhs clwsf/

&=%=! JolQmn] :jtGq?kn] 5fg]sf] jf :jLsf/]sf] /f]huf/L u/L hLjg ofkg ug{] clwsf/sf] ;Ddfg tyf ;+/If0f ug{ b’j} kIf k|ltj4 5g .
&=%=@= b’j} kIf ;a} hgtfsf] vfB ;’/Iff ;DaGwL xssf] ;Ddfg Pjd k|Tofe”lt ug{
k|ltj4 5g . vfBj:t’, vfB pTkfbg, vfBfGgsf] k|of]u, cf]; f/k;f/ tyf
ljt/0f sfo{df s’g} x:tIf]k gul/g] ;’lglZrttf ub{5g .
&=%=# b’j} kIf gful/ssf] :jf:Yo;DaGwL xssf] ;Ddfg / ;+/I f0f ug'{k5{ eGg] s’/fnfO{
cfTd;ft ub{5g . b’j} kIfn] cf}iflwsf] cfk”lt{, ;xfotf Pjd\ : jf:Yo;DaGwL
cleofgdf jfwf k’¥ofpg] 5}gg / åGåsf] sf/0faf6 3fOt] ePs fx?sf] cf}iflw
pkrf/ ug{ Pj+ k’g{:yfkgfsf] sfo{ ug{ k|ltj4tf JoQm ub{5g .
&=%=$ b’j} kIfn] ;a}nfO{ lzIff;DaGwL clwsf/sf] k|Tofe”lt / ;Ddfg ug'{k5{ eGg] s’/fnfO{ cfTd;ft ub{} lzIf0f ;+:yfdf pko’Qm z}lIfs jftfj/0 f sfod ug{
k|ltj4 5g . b’j} kIf lzIff;DaGwL xssf] pNn+3g gx’g] s’/fsf] ;’lglZrttf
ug{ ;xdt 5g . lzIf0f ;+:yfnfO{ sAhfdf lng] Pjd k|of]u ug {] / lzIfs
ljBfyL{x?nfO{ a]kQf kfg{] jf sAhf jf ckx/0f ug{] sfo{ tTs fn /f]Sg /
ljBfno tyf c:ktfnnfO{ c;/ kfg]{ u/L ;}Go Jof/]s g/fVg ;x dlt JoQm
ub{5g .
&=%=% sfg”g adf]lhd afx]s s;}sf] klg JolQmut ;DklQ hkmt jf sAhf ul/g] 5}g
eGg] s’/fdf b’j} kIf ;xdlt JoQm ub{5g .
&=%=^ b’j} kIf d’n’sdf cf}Bf]lus jftfj/0fnfO{ gvNjNofO{ pT kfbg sfo{nfO{ lg/Gt/tf
lbg, cf}Bf]lus k|lti7fgdf ;fd”lxs ;f}bfjfhLsf] xs Pj+ ;fdf lhs ;’/Iffsf] ;Ddfg ug{, cf}Bf]lus k|lti7fg / >ldsaLr s’g} ;d:of pTkGg ePdf
pgLx?nfO{ zflGtk”0f{ ?kdf ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg ug{ k|]l/t ug{] s’/ fdf ljZjf;
ub{5g / cGt/f{li6«o >d ;+u7gn] to u/]sf] sfdsf] clwsf/sf] ;D dfg ub{5g .
&=^ dlxnf tyf afnaflnsfsf] clwsf/

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&=^=! b’j} kIf dlxnf tyf afnaflnsfsf clwsf/x?sf] ljz]if ;+/If0f ug{, s’g} klg
k|sf/sf] of}ghGo zf]if0f tyf b’Jo{jxf/ nufot dlxnf tyf af naflnsf lj?4 x’g] jfn>d nufotsf ;a} vfn] lx+;fTds sfo{x?dfly tTsfn /f]s nu fpg / c7f/
jif{ jf ;f]eGbf d’lgsf s]6fs]6Lx?nfO{ s’g} klg ;}Goandf ;dfj ]z jf pkof]u gug{
k”0f{ ?kdf ;xdt 5g . o;/L k|efljt afnaflnsfx? t’?Gt p4f / ul/g] 5g /
ltgLx?sf] k’g:yf{kgsf] nflu cfjZos / oyf]lrt ;xof]u k|bfg ul/g]5 .
&=&= j}olQms :jtGqtfsf] clwsf/

&=&=!= b’j} kIf cf:yf / ljrf/sf] :jtGqtf, jfs tyf k|sfz g :jtGqtf, zflGtk”j{s /
lagf xftxltof/ e]nf x’g] :jtGqtf, cfjfudgsf] :jtGqtf, c fkm”v’zL k]zf
Joj;fo ug{, ;DklQ cfh{g / ef]urng ug]{ :jtGqtf, zflGtk”0f { /fhgLlts
s[ofsnfkdf ;xefuL x’g] :jtGqtf, sfg’gsf] gh/df ;a} ;dfg x ‘g] /
;lxi0f’tfk”0f{ Gofo Joj:yf ;~rfng ug{ u/fpg ;xdt 5g .
*=
*=*=
*=

dte]b lg?k0f tyf sfof{Gjog ;+oGq
dte]b lg?k0f tyf sfof{Gjog ;+oGqdte]b lg?k0f tyf sfof{Gjog ;+oGq
dte]b lg?k0f tyf sfof{Gjog ;+oGq
M
M M
M

*=! b’j} kIf ljutdf eP u/]sf q’l6x?nfO{ eljiodf gbf]xf]¥of pg] / qmlds ?kdf ;Rof+pb}
n}hfg] u/L j}olQms Pjd ;fd’lxs ?kdf pQ/bfoL x’g] ;xdlt k |s6 ub{5g .
*=@ /fli6«o zflGt tyf k’g:yf{kg cfof]un] zflGt cleofgnf O{ ;kmn agfpg cfjZostf
cg’;f/ ;+oGqx?sf] lgdf{0f ug{ ;Sg]5 . cfof]usf] u7g / sfo {ljlw cGtl/d
dlGqkl/ifbn] to u/] adf]lhd x’g]5 .
*=# b’j} kIf jt{dfg / eljiodf x’g ;Sg] ;a} lsl;dsf kf/:kl /s dte]b jf ;d:ofnfO{
cfk;L ;Djfb, ;dembf/L, ;xdlt tyf jftf{sf] dfWodaf6 ;d fwfg ug{ k|lta4 5g .
*=$ of] ;Demf}tf, cGtl/d ;+ljwfg tyf ;ft bn Pj+ g]kfn ;/ sf/ / g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ aLr
ePsf ;a} lg0f{o, ;xdlt / ;dembf/Lx? sfof{Gjog ug{ cGtl/ d dlGqkl/ifbn] /fli6«o
zflGt tyf k’g:yf{kg cfof]u, ;To lg?k0f tyf d]nldnfk c fof]u, /fHosf] k’g;{+/rgf
;DaGwL pRr:t/Lo ;’emfj cfof]u nufot cfjZostf cg’;f/sf cGo ;+oGqx?sf] u7g ug]{ / ltgLx?sf] sfo{ljlw lgwf{/0f ug{ ;Sg] s’/fdf b’j} k If k|lta4tf JoQm
ub{5g .
(=
(=(=
(=

sfof{Gjog tyf cg’udg
sfof{Gjog tyf cg’udgsfof{Gjog tyf cg’udg
sfof{Gjog tyf cg’udg
M
M M
M

o; ;Demf}tfdf pNn]v ul/Psf ;xdltsf] sfof{Gjog tyf To;
sf] cg’udgsf] nflu lgDg Joj:yf ug{ b’j} kIf ;xdt ePsf 5g –
(=! b’j} kIf ;+o’Qm /fi6« ;+3Lo dfgj clwsf/ pRrfo’Qmsf] g]kf n l:yt sfof{noaf6 o;
;Demf}tfdf pNn]lvt dfgjclwsf/ ;DaGwL k|fjwfgx?sf]] cg’udg sf] sfdnfO{
lg/Gt/tf lbg ;xdt 5g .

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(=@ b’j} kIf ;+o’Qm /fi6« ;+3sf] g]kfn l:yt ldzgaf6 k”j{ k|]li ft kfFr a’Fb] kq / o;
;Demf}tfdf pNn]v eP cg’;f/ ;}Go tyf xltof/ Joj:yfkgsf] cg’udg u/fpg ;xdt
5g / To; sfo{df ;xof]u k’¥ofpg k|ltj4tf JoQm ub{5g .
(=# b’j} kIf ;+o’Qm /fi6« ;+3af6 ;+ljwfg ;efsf] lgjf{rgsf] ko{j]If0f u/fpg ;xdt 5g .
(=$ /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]un] sfg”g adf]lhd lgjf{x ug'{ kg{] bfloTjsf ;fy} o;
;Demf}tfdf pNn]v ul/Psf dfgj clwsf/ cg’udg ;DaGwL s fo{x? klg ;Dkfbg
ug]{5 . cfof]un] cfkmgf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug]{ qmddf dfgj cl wsf/ ;DaGwL /fli6«o
tyf cGt/f{li6«o ;+3;+:yf;Fu cfjZos ;dGjo u/L ;xof]u ln g ;Sg]5 .
(=% dfly pNn]lvt ;a} lgsfon] lbPsf k|ltj]bgx? a’‰g, cg’/f ]w u/]sf ;”rgfx? pknAw
u/fpg tyf ltgn] lbPsf ;’emfj tyf l;kmfl/;x?sf] sfof{G jog ;xdlt / 5nkmnsf] cfwf/df ug{ b’j} kIf ;xdt 5g .
!)=
!)=!)=
!)=

ljljw
ljljwljljw
ljljw
M
M M
M

!)=! sflt{s @@ ut]sf] lg0f{osf] dd{ / zflGt ;Demf}tfsf] efjg f cg’?k ;/sf/ jf /fHo
;+oGqsf s’g} klg If]qdf ;dfgfGt/ jf cGo :j?ksf] ;+oGq ;~r fng gug{ b’j} kIf
;xdt 5g .
!)=@ b’j} kIf k|:t’t ;Demf}tfsf] sfof{Gjogsf nflu cfjZo stfg’;f/ cGo k”/s
;xdltx?df x:tfIf/ ug{ d~h’/ ub{5g .
!)=# b’j} kIfsf] ;xdltaf6 k|:t’t ;Demf}tfdf s’g} klg ;dodf ; +zf]wg ug{ ;lsg] 5 .
;+zf]wg ug{ rfx]df ;f] sf] lnlvt ;”rgf csf]{ kIfnfO{ k|bfg ug { b’j} kIf ;xdt 5g .
To;/L ;”rgf k|fKt ePkl5 b’j} kIfsf] ;xdltaf6 ;+zf]wg ug{ ;l sg]5 . To:tf] ;+zf]wgn] ug]{ Joj:yf dfGotf k|fKt Go”gtd cGt/f{li6«o dfgj clwsf/, dfgjLo
sfg”gsf] dfkb08 tyf zflGt :yfkgfsf] d”n dd{eGbf Go”g x’g] 5}g .
!)=$ of] ;Demf}tfsf] s’g} JofVofdf s’g} ljjfb pTkGg ePdf o f] ;Demf}tfsf] k|:tfjgf / cg’;”rLdf
;ªnUg b:tfj]hx?sf cfwf/df b’j} kIf ;lDdlnt ;+o’Qm ;+oGq n] JofVof ug]{ 5 / of] JofVof clGtd x’g]5 .
!)=% cGtl/d Joj:yflksf –;+;b u7g eP kl5 o; ;Demf}tfdf pNn]lvt …b’O{ kIfÚ sf] cjwf/0ff tyf l:ylt :jtM ;dfKt x’g]5 . o;kl5 o; ;Demf }tfdf pNn]lvt ;Dk”0f{
cleef/f sfof{Gjog ug]{ u/fpg] bfloTj cGtl/d dlGqkl/ifb n] Joj:yf u/] adf]lhd
x’g]5 . ;Demf}tfsf] kfngf tyf sfof{Gjogdf ;xof]u k’¥ofpg’ ; a} /fhgLlts bnx?sf] sQ{Jo tyf lhDd]jf/L x’g]5 .

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!)=^ l;Ëf] d’n’s ;+ljwfg ;efsf] lgjf{rgsf] d’Vo cleofgdf s]lGb|t eO/x]sf] a]nf
cfkmgf ;d:of / dfux?nfO{ ;+jfb / jftf{sf] dfWodaf6 ;df wfg ug{ tyf ;+ljwfg
;efsf] lgjf{rg tyf zflGt ;’/Iffsf] l:yltnfO{ ;xof]u k’¥ ofpg ;a}df xflb{s
cg’/f]w ub{5f}+ .
!)=& ;z:q åGånfO{ cGTo ub}{ ;+ljwfg ;efsf] lgjf{rgåf/ f gofF nf]stflGqs g]kfnsf] lgdf{0f tyf lbuf] zflGt +:yfkgfsf] of] P]ltxfl;s cl eofgdf ;s[o ;xeflutf
hgfO{ ;kmn agfpg gful/s ;dfh, k]zfut ;d’bfo, hgjuL{o ;Ëu7gx?,
kqsf/ hut, j’l4hLjLx? / cfd g]kfnL hg;d’bfodf xflb{s ckLn ub{5f}+ .
!)=* k”0f{ nf]stGq / lbuf] zflGt :yfkgfsf] of] cleofgdf g]k fnnfO{ ;xof]u k’¥ofpg ;a}
ldq /fi6«x? tyf ;+o’Qm /fi6« ;+3 nufot cGt/f{li6«o ;d’bfon fO{ xflb{s cfu|x ub{5f}+ .

b]z / hgtfsf] eljiok|ltsf] lhDd]jf/L af]w ub}{ / o; lj:t[t zflGt ;Demf}tf k|lt k”0f{ k|lta4
x’+b} xfdL–g]kfn ;/sf/ / g]kfn sDo’lgi6 kf6L{ -dfcf]jfbL_ s f tk{maf6 x:tfIf/ u/L of] lj:t[t zflGt
;Demf}tf ;fj{hlgs ub{5f+} .

k|r08 lul/hf k|;fb sf]O/fnf
cWoIf k|wfgdGqL
g]kfn sDo’lgi6 kf6L{ -dfcf]jfbL_ g]kfn ;/sf/ x:tfIf/ ldlt M– @)^#÷*÷%

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Agreement
on Monitoring of the Management of Arms and Armies 8 December 2006

Preamble

In keepin g with the letters to the United Nations ( UN) Secretary-General of 9
Au gust and the Comprehensive Peace Accord of 21 Nov ember 2006;
Guaranteeing the fundamental right of the Nepali pe ople to take part in the
constituent assembly elections in a free and fair e nvironment without fear;
Declarin g the beginning o f a new chapter of peacefu l democratic interaction by
ending the armed conflict taking place in the count ry since 1996, based on the
Comprehensive Peace Accord between the two parties in order to accomplish,
through the constituent assembly, certainty o f so ve reignty o f the Nepali people,
progressive political outlet, democratic restructur ing of the state, and social-
economic-cultural transformation; and, Affirmin g the will to fully observe the terms of thi s bilateral agreement witnessed
by the United Nations: The parties agree to seek UN assistance in monitori n g the management of the
arms and armies of both sides by the deployment of q ualified UN civilian personnel
to monitor, according to international norms, the c onfinement of Maoist army
combatants and their weapons within designated cant onment areas and monitor the
Nepal Army (NA) to ensure that it remains in its ba rracks and its weapons are not
used against any side.
1. Modalities of the Agreement 1.1 Principles Neither of the parties shall engage in mo vement or redeployment of
forces resulting in tactical or strategic ad vantage .
Any claims or reports of violations of this agreeme nt will be reported to UN
monitors, substantiated or not substantiated, and s ubsequently reported to the
parties through the appropriate representative of t he UN Mission in Nepal.

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The security forces deployed by the interim go vernm ent shall have
authority to conduct routine patrol, explore in ord er to prevent illegal
traffickin g of the weapons, explosives or raw mater ials used in assembling
weapons at the international border or custom point s and seize them.
Both parties agree to allow the United Nations, int ernational donor
agencies and diplomatic missions based in Nepal, nat ional and international
non-govern mental organizations, press, human rights activists, election
observers and foreign tourists to travel unrestrict ed according to law in the
state of Nepal. The parties will ensure the safety, security, freedom o f
mo vement and well-being o f UN Mission and associate d personnel, goods
and services in all parts of Nepal.
The parties shall immediately take all necessary me asures to cooperate with
efforts aimed at controlling illicit trafficking of arms and the infiltration of
armed groups.
Both parties fully agree to not include or use chil dren who are 18 years
old and under in the armed forces. Children thus af fected would be
immediately rescued and necessary and appropriate as sistance will be
provided for their rehabilitation.
1.2 Definitions The following definitions are accepted:
(1) Cantonment (Maoist army ) is a temporarily designated and clearly
defined geo graphical area for encamp ment and provis ion of services
for the Maoist combatant units including weapons, a mmunition and
equipment. The cantonments are provided for all ech elons of the
Maoist army.
(2) Barracking (NA) is the deployment of Nepal Army units to barracks,
including weapons, ammunition and equipment. No unit s below a
company level will be independently deployed unless for activities
specified elsewhere in this agreement or otherwise mutually agreed by
the parties.

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(3) Secure arms storage areas are either military barracks with regular
armoury stores used for storage of weapons, munitio ns and explosives,
or storage containers established in special perime ters at cantonment
sites controlled and guarded by the responsible uni t.
(4) “The parties” refers to the party of Govern ment of Nepal (includ ing
the Nepal Army) and the party of the Communist Party of Nepal
(Maoist), (including the Maoist Army).
(5) UN Monitoring refers to all efforts by the United Nations Mission to
determine relative co mpliance with the terms spelle d out in this
agreement and to report to all the parties and othe rs concerned its
findings.
(6) The Joint Monitoring Coordination Committee (JMCC) is the
monitoring, reporting and coordinating body chaired by the UN with
membership of the parties. The JMCC is responsible for supervisin g
compliance by the parties with this agreement in ac cordance with
provision 6.1 of this agreement.
(7) Joint Monitoring Teams (JMTs) are the bodies which will assist in
monitoring the cessation of hostilities. The Joint Monitoring Teams will
be active at the regional and local level and in mo bile teams. Each team
will be comprised of one UN monitor serving as team leader, one monitor
from Nepal Army and one monitor from the Maoist Arm y. Joint
Monitoring Teams will not be used for weapons stora ge inspections.
Inspections at Maoist army cantonments will take pl ace with a UN
monitoring team and a representative of the Maoist army. Inspections at
Nepal Army barracks will take place with a UN monit oring team and a
Nepal Army representative.
(8) Maoist army combatants: For purposes of this agreement this will
include regular active duty members of the Maoist a rmy who joined
service before 25 May 2006, who are not minors and who are able to
demonstrate their service, including by CPN (M) ide ntity card and
other means agreed by the parties.

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1.3 Promotion
The parties shall promote awareness of this agreeme nt, and adherence to
its provisions, amon g their commanders, members and affiliated groups.
The parties, Government of Nepal, Nepal Army (NA), CPN (M) and the
Maoist army, shall design, in cooperation with the UN Mission, an awareness
programme to ensure that local communities and the p arties’ commanders,
members and affiliated groups understand the mandat e of the UN Mission
and all of the obligations of the parties spelled o ut in this agreement. The
information programmes shall include the use of meet ings and print and
electronic media in local languages.
1.4 Phases This agreement shall come into force upon signin g. Thereafter it shall be
implemented in phases, as follows:
(1) Reporting and verification;
(2) Redeployment and concentration of forces;
(3) Maoist army cantonment, NA barrackin g and arms contr ol; and,
(4) Full compliance with the agreement.
A full and practical timeline will be established b y the parties for all
of these activities to take place in consultation w ith the UN.
2. Reporting and verification The parties will report detailed information a bout their troops and this
information will be treated with appropriate confid entiality by the United
Nations. The parties will provide maps and sketches showin g current
dispositions, including:
(1) Order of battle/military structure, organisation, d eployment and number of
troops;
(2) Minefields, landmines, unexploded ordnance, standar d explosives,
improvised explosive devices and exact location of such items;
(3) All necessary in formation about roads, tracks, trai ls and passages related to
encampments;

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(4) In formation regardin g armed or unarmed groups worki ng along with the
parties, the Nepal Army (NA) and the Maoist army, i ncluding their
responsibilities; and,
(5) Other information required by the UN for proper mon itoring of the
disposition of arms and armies.
The UN Mission shall check this information i mmediately after monitors are
deployed.
3. Redeployment and concentration of forces Comprehensive plans, timelines and routes for the redeployment and
concentration of forces will be provided by both th e NA and Maoist army to the
UN Mission.
The redeployment and concentration of all c ombatants in Nepal — with the
NA in barracks and the Maoist army mo vin g in to can tonment sites — shall be
carried out in consultation with the UN. The redepl oyment and cantonment of
forces will be monitored by the UN monitors after t hey are deployed.
Both sides express an understanding to creat e a record of go vern ment,
public and private buildings, land and other proper ties and return them
immediately.
The parties will withdraw all military and pa ramilitary checkpoints (unless
explicitly permitted in this agreement) to promote a nd guarantee free mo vement
and create an environment free of fear and intimidat ion.
The Nepal Police and Armed Police Force shall continue the task of
maintaining law and order and conduct criminal inve stigations as per the spirit and
sentiment of the Jana Andolan and peace accord as well as the prevailing law.
Both parties agree not to operate parallel or other forms of mechanism in any areas
of the state or state machinery as per the spirit o f the decisions of November 8,
2006 and the essence of the peace accord. All sides agree to let employees of
Nepal Government and public agencies travel freely to any part of the country, to
fulfill their duties and not to create any obstacle or obstruction while executing
their work or not to let obstructions to arise and to facilitate their work.

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4. Maoist Army cantonment, barracking of the NA and arms control
4.1 Maoist army cantonment In accordance with the commit ment expressed in the letter sent to the
United Nations, Maoist army combatants and their we apons shall be
confined within designated cantonment areas. The ca ntonment shall be
based on comprehensive planning and preparation bef ore implementation.
After the Maoist army combatants stay in the tempor ary cantonments, the
Go vernment of Nepal will provide food supplies and other necessary
arrangements. When implemented, the comprehensive c oncept shall ensure
good communications and proper logistics. UN monitor s will have access to
any and all cantonment sites for purposes of monito ring.
4.1.1 Commanders’ responsibilities The normal Maoist army chain of co mmand, control ,
communication and information will be utilised to co ntrol the Maoist
army cantonment, using the normal Maoist army structu re in
administration of the sites.
There will be seven main cantonment sites and 21 satellite
cantonment sites of three per main cantonment site. The satellite sites
will be clustered no more than two hours drivin g di stance fro m the
main sites unless otherwise agreed by the parties.
The designated seven main sites will be under command, control,
communication and information of the Maoist army si te commander and
the satellite sites by the designated satellite com manders. The site
commanders shall provide the following information in detail for each
site to the UN Mission:
(1) Command structure for the unit and sub-units plotted on a map;
(2) Names o f commanders down to company level;
(3) Communication system;
(4) Complete list of personnel;
(5) Complete list of weapons, i.e. types, numbers, seri al number and
calibre under storage at the main cantonment sites;

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(6) Ammunition inventory type, lot number and amount; an d,
(7) List of names for the site security guards detachme nt, and complete
list of weapons and ammunition for the detachment (m ain and
satellite cantonment levels).
Site commanders’ responsibilities include: (1) Camp security, including access control to the site ;
(2) Ensuring the security, freedom o f mo vement and well -being o f UN
Mission and associated personnel, goods and service s;
(3) Providin g information in cooperation with the UN Mi ssion in
accordance with Section 2;
(4) Maintenance of discipline, morale and normal traini ng in the spirit
of the Comprehensive Peace Accord, excluding live f ire exercises;
(5) Daily routines and control of troops; and,
(6) Lo gistics and camp services (in cooperation with th e Go vernment
of Nepal and other assistin g agencies).
4.1.2 Weapons storage and control The parties agree upon the safe storage of all Maoist army weapons
and ammunition, in the seven main cantonment areas under UN
monitoring, except as provided below for perimeter security purposes.
Both sides shall assist each other to mark landmine s and booby-traps
used during the time of armed conflict by providing necessary
information within 30 days and to defuse and remove /lift and destroy
them within 60 days. All improvised explosive devic es will be collected
at designated sites a safe distance from the main c antonment areas.
These sites shall be agreed by the parties to consu ltation with the UN
Mission.Unsuitable devices will be destroyed immedi ately. Stable
devices will be stored safely and under 24-hour arm ed guard provided
for by the guard agreements cited below. The partie s, in consultation
with the UN, will determine a timeline and process for the later
destruction of all improvised explosive devices. To ensure the safety of

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both monitors and Maoist army personnel, no improvi sed explosive
devices or crude bombs will be brought inside the c antonment sites.
In the main cantonment sites the weapons and ammunition storage
area will be secured by the following system:
(1) A solid fence will surround the specified area, inc ludin g a gate
with a lock. There will be signs on the fence clear ly ident ifyin g the
restricted area.
(2) The weapons storage depot will be composed of stora ge containers
painted white and furnished with shelves for safe w eapons storage
and easy control, and with a complete inventory (we apon type,
calibre and serial number).
(3) A sin gle lock provided by the UN will secure each s torage container.
The key will be held by the designated main cantonm ent site
commander. A 24-hour surveillance camera provided b y the UN
Mission will cover the storage site and will be mon itored from the
UN office in the cantonment site. Floodlights will be switched on
automatically during hours of darkness.
(4) The UN Mission will provide an inspection registrat ion device
mounted on each container door indicating when the storage
container has been opened.
(5) An alarm system pro vided by the UN Mission will be c onnected to
sirens in both the UN office and the camp commander ’s o ffice. The
system will be activated if the container door is op ened without a
“safe button” havin g been switched off in connectio n with regular
inspections.
(6) UN monitors will carry out the inspections of the a rms storage area
and containers in the presence of a Maoist army rep resentative.
Each main cantonment site will be allowed 30 weapons of the
same make and model to be used only for clearly def ined perimeter
security by designated guards, with each satellite allowed 15 such
weapons under the same conditions. These weapons wi ll all be

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properly registered with make and serial number and locked in a
guardhouse when not in use. The parties, in consult ation with the UN,
will periodically review the number of weapons need ed for perimeter
security purposes on the basis of a shared threat a ssessment.
Security provisions will be made for CPN(M) l eaders through
understanding with the go vernment.
The UN Mission shall monitor these commit ments with a full-
time presence at the Maoist army main cantonment si tes and
through field visits and regular inspections. Thes e inspections will
be carried out randomly and without warning.
4.1.3 Registration of Maoist army combatants at can tonment sites
All Maoist army combatants will be registered at the main
cantonment sites. This registration will include th e provision of age,
name, rank, responsibilities within unit/formation, date of entry into
service and will provide the basis for a complete l ist of personnel.
Maoist combatants will be registered regardless if they are in
possession of weapons or not. If with weapon, the t ype and condition
of weapon will be specified. The total number of w eapons will be
categorized by unit/formation. Only those individua ls who were
members of the Maoist army before 25 May 2006 will b e eligible for
cantonment. The parties will agree as to how this p re-existin g service is
to be confirmed in consultation with the UN.
As part of this registration, all Maoist army co mbatants will present
their Maoist army identity card to be marked by the UN. The process
for markin g the cards will be determined. This regi stration card will be
the basis for any assistance received by Maoist army members.
Unregistered persons will not be eligible for assis tance or permitted to
remain in cantonments.
Only those Maoist army combatants who have be en properly
registered at cantonment sites will be eligible for possible integration
into the security forces fulfillin g the standard no rms. Any discharged

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personnel will be ineligible for possible integrati on. Those who are
eligible for integration into the security forces w ill be determined by a
special committee as agreed in the Comprehensive Peac e Accord. This
integration process will be determined in subsequen t agreement with
the parties.
Upon registration Maoist army co mbatants, if found to be born
after 25 May 1988, will be honourably and automatic ally discharged.
Discharged Maoist army combatants must: rele ase all weapons,
uniforms and other military gear; and, agree not to return to cantonment
sites unless mutually agreed by UN monitors in cons ultation with the
parties. The assistance packages to be provided to voluntarily discharged
personnel will be agreed by the parties in advance of cantonment.
The Interim Council of Ministers will form a special committee to
supervise, integrate and rehabilitate the Maoist ar my co mbatants.
4.2 Barracking of the Nepal Army 4.2.1 General regulations In accordance with the commitment expressed i n the letter sent to the
United Nations, the Nepal Army shall remain in its barracks and its arms
are not to be used in favour of or against any side . UN monitors will
have access to any and all NA barracks for purposes of monitoring
whether Nepal Army forces or weapons are being used for or against any
party. Upon visiting any Nepal Army barracks for in spection, the site
commander will be duly notified, and UN inspections will relate only to
matters regarding the disposition of forces and wea pons.
The Council of Ministers will control, mobil ise and manage the
Nepal Army as per the Army Act of 2006 (Sainik Ain 2 063) or its
successor legislation. The Interim Council of Minis ters to prepare and
implement the detailed action plan of the Nepal Arm y’s
democratization by takin g su ggestions fro m the conc erned committee
of the Interim Parliament/legislature. Under this t o carry out activities
like assessin g the appropriate number of the Nepal Army, to train the

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army in democratic and human rights values while dev elopin g
democratic structure, national and inclusive charac ter.
4.2.2 Commander responsibilities The normal NA chain of command, control, commu nication and
information will be utilised to monitor the NA depl oyment to barracks.
The commanders shall provide the followin g informati on in detail to
the UN Mission :
(1) Command structure for the unit and sub-units plotted on a map;
(2) Names o f commanders down to company level;
(3) Communication system;
(4) Order of battle/military structure, organisation, d eployment and
number of troops;
(5) Minefields, landmines, unexploded ordnance, standar d explosives,
improvised explosive devices and exact location of such items; and,
(6) Other information required by the UN Mission for pr oper
monitoring o f the disposition of arms and armies.
The NA will ensure the safety, security, fre edom of mo vement and
well-being of UN Mission and associated personnel, goods and
services, and provide information in cooperation wi th the UN Mission
according to Section 2.
The UN Mission shall monitor these commitment s through daily
presence in selected NA barracks, field visits and regular inspections.
4.2.3 Weapons storage and control The Nepal Army will remain within the barrack s as per the
commitment expressed in the letter sent to the UN t o ensure that their
arms are not used for or against any party. The Nep al Army to store arms
in equal numbers to that of the Maoist army, to sea l it with a single-lock
and give the key to the concerned party. In the pro cess of installing the
lock, to assemble a mechanism including a siren and register for the
monitoring by the UN. While carrying out the necess ary examination of
the stored arms, the UN will do so under the presen ce of a Nepal Army

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representative. The barrack/barracks where NA arms will be monitored
under the conditions spelled out in section 4.1.2 w ill be identified and
agreed by the parties. The arms will be stored in s torage containers.
4.2.4 Deployment and Concentration of Forces – NA p ermitted
activities
In accordance with the spirit of the Co mpreh en sive Peace
Accord, continuit y will be given to function s of th e Nepal Army
includin g border security, securit y o f the conserva tion areas, protected
areas, banks, airports, power houses, telephone tow ers, central
secretariat and securit y o f VIPs. A detailed list o f these in stitution s
and installations will be kept by the Secretary, Mi n istry Defence,
along with the number and types o f fo rces assigned to such duties.
The list of such inst itutions and installations wil l be kept by the NA
under seal, and this list will be made available to UN mon itors when
they deemed necessary on a case-b y-case basis.
Permitted NA activities are as follows:
1. Routine military activities within the barracks and regular training in
barracks and camps. The JMCC will be notified 48 ho urs in advance
before undertaking limited live fire exercises at de signated live firin g
ranges.
2. Participation in official ceremonies, parades, etc. as directed by the
Go vernment.
3. Provision of Border Security as directed by the Gov ernment.
4. Relief o f troops on a one-to-one basis, including t ransport as mentioned.
5. Regular maintenance and replacement of non-lethal e quipment, including
transport as mentioned. Maintenance and replacement of lethal weapons
will take place only with the determination of the interim go vern ment or
agreement by both parties.
6. Execution of development and construction tasks as directed by the
civilian authorities, on central, regional and loca l levels.

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7. Provision of support in relief work in times of nat ural and other disasters
as directed by the Government.
8. Participation in Peacekeeping Operations called for by the United
Nations, and all preparations, transport, training, transfer of equipment,
etc. connected to this.
9. Provision of security for VVIPs and VIPs.
10. Provision of security of vital installations as dir ected by the Government.
11. Provision of security of transportation of Nepal Ra stra Bank funds.
For all of the above activities the rules regardin g notification of troop,
air mo vements and exercises spelled out in section 5.2 apply.
5. Compliance with the Agreement 5.1 Prohibited Activities In the spirit of the Comprehensive Peace Acc ord, and in light of this
agreement, after the placement of the Nepal Army in the barracks and the
Maoist Army co mbatants in cantonment, the parties s hall scrupulously
refrain fro m the followin g activities:
1. Holding and carryin g arms is in violation of the law . Displayin g arms,
intimidation and any type of use o f violence is proh ibited, and use of
arms is legally punishable.
2. Any type of arms and weapons targeted against each other in a direct or
indirect way or any act of attack.
3. Harmin g or intimidating any person, including intern ally displaced
persons, humanitarian and development workers and o ther non-
combatants, and any seizure of their equipment and property.
4. Ambushes, murder or violent operations.
5. Kidnapping, unlawful detention or imprisonment, dis appearances;
6. All offensive military flights in and over Nepal.
7. Damagin g or seizin g public/private/go vern ment, mil i tary or UN property
and all attacks on UN and associated personnel.
8. Planting mines or impro vised explosive devices, cond ucting sabotage or
military espionage.

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9. Recruiting additional armed forces or conducting mil itary activities
against each other, including transporting weapons, ammunitions and
explosives (unless mutually agreed by the parties a nd notified in advance
according to the terms of this agreement).
10. Collecting cash or goods and services or levyin g ta x against one’s
wishes and against the existin g law.
11. Any actions that impede or delay the provision of h umanitarian
assistance or protection to civilians.
12. Any restrictions on the safe, free and unimpeded mo vement of
humanitarian or development agencies undertaking ac tivities approved
by the interim go vern ment or its successor.
13. All acts and forms o f gender-based violence.
14. Any restrictions on the free mo vement of people and goods.
15. All activities that obstruct the efforts of the UN Mission and amount to
a failure to cooperate with the UN Mission, includi ng the prohibition of
the UN Mission patrols and flights over any locatio n.
16. Any attempt by a party to disgu ise its equipment, p ersonnel or activit ies
as those of the UN Mission, other United Nations ag encies, the
International Committee of the Red Cross/Crescent o r any other similar
organisation.
17. Any attempt to redeploy military forces and equipmen t or occupation of
any positions out of their respective deployment po sitions without the
consent of the Joint Monitoring Coordination Commit tee.
18. The use of children who are 18 years old and under in the armed forces.
19. All hostile propaganda and incitement to military a ction.
The parties shall also refrain from all ac tivities that are prohibited
elsewhere in this agreement.
5.2 Permitted activities The key principle that shall underpin permitt ed activities for both sides
shall be to alleviate the effects of the armed conf lict on civilians and the
war-affected areas and to gal vanise popular support for peace. Permitted

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activities for both sides will be conducted as per the decisions of the interim
go vernment. Troop, air mo vements and exercises have to be properly
notified and approved by the Joint Monitoring Coord ination Committee at
least 48-hours in advance.
Permitted activities include: (1) De-minin g and decommissionin g o f military hazards;
(2) Development activities to include improvement and o pening of roads,
rehabilitation of bridges and passages and airstrip s according to the
decisions of the interim go vernment;
(3) Humanitarian relief;
(4) Socioeconomic activities such as assistin g free mo v ement of people,
goods and services;
(5) Free mo vement of unarmed soldiers in plain civil ian clothes who are on
granted leave, medical referrals, or visitin g famil ies – no more than 12
percent of the total retained force at a given cant onment or barracks will
be on authorised leave at any given time unless mut ually agreed by the
parties;
(6) Supply of non-lethal items to military units, food, water, medicine,
petrol, oil and lubricants, stationary, uniforms etc ; and,
(7) Medical evacuation.
5.3 Violations The following acts shall constitute violations of the agreement:
(1) Any act that contravenes this agreement;
(2) Unauthorised troop movements;
(3) Unauthorised recruitment, conscription or mobilisat ion;
(4) Unauthorised replenishment of military equipment;
(5) Violation of human rights, humanitarian law or obst ruction of freedom o f
mo vement of people, goods and services;
(6) Espionage, sabotage, air surveillance and acts of s ubversion; and,

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(7) Military flights, or military flights utilisin g civ ilian aircraft, o ver
cantonment sites without 48-hour notification to th e parties and the UN
Mission, except in emergency situations or medical evacuations.
6. The United Nations Mission Monitoring of compliance with this agreement w ith be carried out:
(1) By UN Monitors; or,
(2) By Joint Monitoring Teams, if so decided by the JMCC and in keepin g with
other provisions of this agreement.
The UN Mission will submit reports to the part ies on compliance with this
agreement. It will do so either directly or through the JMCC.
6.1 The Joint Monitoring Coordination Committee The nin e-member Jo int Mon itorin g Coord in ation Co mmittee (JMCC)
will have a chairman appo int ed by the UN Mission. Th ere will be two
Vice-Chairman , one each fro m th e Maoist Army and the NA. The
remain in g six members will be t wo UN, t wo NA and t wo Mao ist army,
all as select ed b y the part ies respectivel y.
The JMCC shall reach its decisions by consens us. In the event of a
deadlock, the representative of the UN Secretary-Ge neral shall have final
authority for reporting on the compliance of the pa rties with this agreement
to the Secretary-General and to the interim go vern m ent for resolution. The
Chairman shall report regularly to the representati ve o f the Secretary-
General and to the designated representatives of th e parties regardin g the
activities of the JMCC.
The JMCC shall serve three main functions:
(1) To assist the parties in implementing this agreemen t. The JMCC shall be
the central coordinating body for monitoring arms an d armies in
accordance with the terms of this agreement and to approved, where
appropriate those activities specified in section 5 .2.
(2) To serve as a dispute resolution mechanism. The JMC C shall resolve all
disputes and mil itary or operational difficulties, co mplaints, questions or
problems regardin g implementation of this agreement .

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(3) To assist in confidence building. The JMCC shall wo rk to gain the trust
and confidence of the parties and promote the overa ll goals of this
agreement among the people of Nepal.
In order to achieve these goals, the JMCC sha ll operate according to the
following basic principles: (1) Resolve all problems and disputes at the lowest lev el possible, i.e.
delegation of authority to the JMTs;
(2) Promote joint problem-solvin g and build trust and c onfidence through
active efforts to appropriately in vestigate and rep ort on all incidents of
concern to the parties; and,
(3) Build on lessons learned in the process.
The Joint Monitoring Teams (JMTs), will assi st the Joint Monitoring
Coordination Committee at the local level and throu gh site visits. The JMTs
will comprise one international monitor as the team leader and one monitor
fro m Nepal Army and one monitor from the Maoist Arm y. The number of
JMTs and their deployment will be determined by the Chairman of the
JMCC in consultations with that body.
The tasks of the JMTs will include: (1) Village and community visits and liaison with the c ivilian community;
(2) Cooperation with other UN-agencies, and liaison wit h international
organisations and non-govern mental organisations;
(3) Assistance to the parties in creatin g a favorable o perational environment
for the conduct of the ceasefire by in formation sha rin g and defusing
local tension;
(4) A pro-active concept for initiation of conflict man agement at the local
level; and,
(5) In vestigation of complaints linked to possible alle ged violations of the
agreement, reference paragraph 5.1, and to recommen d measures to
ensure compliance.
Joint Monitoring Teams will not be used for designated weapons
storatge inspections.

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7. Miscellaneous
This agreement can be revised at any time with the consent of both parties.
Both parties agree to provide to each other prior w ritten information if they wish
to make any change. The amend ments can be made to t he agreement with the
consent of both parties after receivin g the in forma tion. The provisions to be
made by such an amendment will not fall below the m inimu m standards of
accepted international human rights and humanitaria n laws.
Both parties consent to sign any complementar y understandings, as
necessary, for the implementation of the present ag reement.
This agreement will be signed by both partie s in Nepali and English. The
United Nations will witness the English language ve rsion of this agreement and,
accordingly, the English-language version of this a greement will be considered
as authoritative in matters of dispute.
The spirit of the Comprehensive Peace Accord shall guide the interpretation
and implementation of this agreement by all the par ties.
This agreement shall come into force upon sig nature, and it supersedes the
agreement of the same name done on the 28
th day of No vember 2006 ( 12
Mangsir 2063 BS ).
Done in Kathmandu, Nepal on the 8
th day of December, 2006 ( 22 Mangsir 2063
BS )
__________________ ___________________
Krishna Bahadur Mahara Krishna Prasad Sitoula
Coordinator Coordinator
Negotiatin g team Negotiatin g team
CPN (Maoist) Go vernment of Nepal
__________________ Witnessed by
Ian Martin
Personal Representative of the Secretary-General United Nations