Two Years on from Busan: Looking Back, Looking Forward

Transnational_twoyear.pdf
n r nnn

n r n r r

! ”
n r r r !r ” rr r # $n %&r%’&nr ( )*’%r++nr *’’ +nr ,*& ,*% r - + -*’. r/0r r 1!$$ r$23 ! +rr4** ! ” rr%& ! 5r6r %% !5 1.r 1 (++( r 7 8%’0 95 :. rr !%*” 5rr rr%,2r (rrr 5 ” rr%-; ;.1 r ;r9=r%&#x-4.9;à *, r %&#x-4.9;à 5 r $r! r %3.$r! r 5:5r1!.r 1 5 +r(r.r r’&5r n +r( 5 = r :!6r ? rr’%25r= r :)rr 1)r( r’*; r.(!n 1r ’,! +r r @n rr21n $2’&#x5.98;â*-;r9+r2 r’&#x5.98;â,&5’/’/ $n’4!:n+A*%
.r 2 r r ++r2B r# C555D1n? #r rCr!D1r r #C555D1 r . C!; 5 ;r9=r r +5n6 rr+r( ++ D

!#!$%&!”$”()*
’&%%1 r1 r rr 1 r ? 1 r rrr 1n#r 1+rr r !++ C,D. + r r+r 2 r +++ r + r1” 1 r ’&%&’&%%1 $r! r r ? C5n6D1r +5555 r!0n1 r r r r +rr 1 r +. r+r5n6 ++ r r Cr D r295n6 2r 92 ,B+’&%*15 ! r +r +rr 5n61555 r!Cr D1 Er +2r r r 2 )r+ 1r 2 2+r9 : 5 0nr ? 2r r r F 2 +r ? r r1 r r !r ” rrF r2 r C r D r ? G r rrG ++ F r 2r ? r rr rr r .rr r+r ,,r ? r r 6+1%’ r+r 0n 2r *’ r+r 5 $ ”r 2 1r+rrr r+r ” r. rr 29++r r +rr. r + r rrr 1+2+ ++r r . r r +r +rr
0n!$!$(.=H6 0)
! r nnr
) r ? 2 r r r 2r5n6 2rrrr ? rr.r r r2 + r12r/-IC+*4rD +r +rr . + 2r9 2 rr 5 +r r +rr ? G r 2r92
%
:JJ222rJ J++ J+r +r ++

‘
:JJ222++ rJ r1&�/

*
:JJ222++ rJ)=J+Jr K+r 2r9KK+r +

r 2r9+ r ? .+r r r r +r r r6 r 12r+r rr ? Grr r 2r r
n.!$0 $5n
“ r r # ! n$%&# #
! rr +r 2r+ r2 rC4-I+*/rD1 �&I+r” r +r2r92 r1 + r r r2r ? .2C’&DI r r r rr r r+rrr; r+ r + r1 r ? rr 2rr ? Gr r+ +r 2r9.r r ? rrr r 21r r r91 r r r nC�%DIC+*�rD 29r rr+r rr ) +2r92r+r C r 2r ? 1 1r r 1 r rD6r ++rr +rr rr
0)!$ =.n!n(! 6!5n
n # ! ’
; 92rrr r rrr 14/IC+’4rD + !r 2r r+rr ) rr r r r+r2r912r++rr r r r !.rC*&DI+r7 8 ++ rrrr ? r2r9r !6rr ? r +r2r92r rr1+ r r! rr rr +rr ? r 1rr r 9 ! r rr2r9) 2r+2 !# ++++ r+r !2r91 r ? !++ r 1 + r r !1 rr + rC r r 1 2r9+D
; 2) r++ !r rr . 7#28r +r ? r1r 1 r1 rrr) r rr2r9 2 r 2 !r r 1r1 r ; rr+ 1r 5n62 rr? r2r9Cn7 r 82D
A0.!! .$ nn
(r r r r ’ ’
nC�&DIC+’4rD rr ? rr+r” rr.rrrr +r rr1 + rr1 r rr rrrr .r +9 r ” rr.2 r 2r2r C+ 1rJrr 1r + 1 rr? 92 + 2r 2+r 7r 8D rrr”r ” r ; 2n r1rr1 2r ( r+r r” r 2 +n r ? 2 r+ r r 1 1 7 8rr?r 2 rr
$!$=$H 6$)$.
n n$%&r # !nnr

.29 rr r r C5 r0nD+C-&DIC+’3rD++ 9 1++ r +1 r+ r + rrr ? rr r C ! ” rrD.2C’4DI+r r”r 2r + rrrC++ r”r r Drr r1 r r+ r r r2 rr rr r15n6 r2r9r +r +r r ++ 1+rr2r ? r ++r rrn +2r92 r5n62r9 !r r r 1r r++ r+rr rrr +r r 1r+ r r r+ r r5n6.r2r r +1
rr r r + r . +: Fr r r Jr 1 2 r+rC rrDF 9++r+rF r ++r rr1r ? rr +r + 2r9 r ?rr.r rr r @ 19r r rrr ?rrrr r 5n6 +r 6r ? r 2r92 rr 2r9 r r++r
#L 56))$(!.6$n!$($M.n.n
) # !*%$ ’ +

; rrr 1+ r +r21 r 9 r ? 1 r 2r9 + r 2 r r r n +5r r+rr ? r72 r8r +r 11 rrr r +r 2r92+ n r r ? r 11 ++ r 12rr ? 2 r +r2+rr r r 2+ ” ,( n n r ? rrr rr rr2r9! r ? + 2r ? r + 2 r +2 rrr 2r9+r rrnnrrr r 92r rr 2r ? 2 r 2r9r r1” rr1 !r -n(..r ! ” rr1 2 r rr2+ r2r1 r2 r rn + r 5n6G2 r r +r1 r r+r r r 1 r r r+ r 2r9 r r ++!n nn nn . +++r2r r !r r1 2 r 2 r +r rr + r 5 r +” rr r+++r. r + 2 r1 r+ + r 9r Jrr

/% )0$%
6 r 15 0n r 2rr1 1 r + rC r ? D r r+ r 2 r ++ r +++ C6(!Dr ’&&*1r r r rr 1rr1 r 2+ rrr r ++ +r r2) 0nn1 n2n.’&&-r r1r 1r+ 0nn(! .n .( r + r:n 34 r+r2r +r rrFn nr2 E F3 n2n+r r F +F n+r rr+r r. r( r r 9 +r 2r9+r ++ +5 0n r r2 r+r ++r’&&31 +r !r 1= 1r((n (n12 r r +r+r n2. n2n C5n6D rr2r!r 1 + 2 rr!r 15n6 2 r2rr r+r ++ .r + r !++ 2 1n#r ’&%%!+r 15n6 2 9r1r r1 r r 1 rrCr ?15 1 D1Er rr+r( ++ CD.9r + r !r 12 2+r r :2r+ rr rF+rF rrF 1r r r.r r r2 r r r +r 925n6 rr2r1 r? r+r5n6( ++ n r 2r91 r25n62r2r9 r?r r r r +r5n612r r r r1 5n6++r rrr r1 ++r r 5n6 rr r !r
5n6 + r9 r ? ++ 2r ? r rr . r 2rr +r ? r@ 5n61 5n61 r r5n6 r ? 1 r r12 Grr1+ r rG 1+ r ? 1 r1r 1r+ 1 r+ r1r r1 +rr+ 5n6+r + r 1+1 E 2r rrrC. 9+r n n n r r1r!1$ r’&&41/D
n 1 r ? 2r9 ++ +r! 6r +r5n6( ++ 125n6 +r 2r 1 @5n6 rr+r( ++ C5(D.5(2nr5 += rr+r( ++ C=(5D1 rrr+r r + 1 5n6 9rr1 2r r2 r 5( r r 2++ rr r r + r =(5 rrr + @ 2r9r r)r )+=(51)!r’&%,5( +r;r9=r +r2 r++r +2r91 r 5n6( ++ B’&%*1r r”+r 5(1555 Er r 25 r 51 0n$ +r 1r!1 + 2 r+ r $r! r 5n6 r 2r ? 2rr r r .r 2 2+2+r :) 5 0nr ? 2r r r F 2 +r ? r r1 r r !r C+ +r rD ” rrF r2 r C r D r ? G r rrG ++ F(r 2r ? r rr rr r !r1r r+:r r ? 2 r+ rF+ F+ rrrr 2+9rC r r ” rrDF 1 r +r r 1 r ? r+ r2r2r9.rr?9++r 55n2n4 n. 2rr .+rr2 r2+ r+5 ! r r r r2r95n6 ++ 9 r .r2 r25(rrrr +r ? 2 r + r rr + r r r1+ r2+r rrr r5(+rr)r ))’&%, 1r r2 r ++ 5 0n .rr +rr r 1r++ 2rr 1 +r + r 2+r n1r++r .+ r :%D rr +2r r F’D 2 r+ r r2r 1
9+r2 rF*Dr+ !r F,Dr2” rrF -D r r ? $r! r rr2rr ? r2r9.rr2 +r2 r9r
/”$)&!*0!”%6 ( 0’!106*
r! 5 5+rr 5r C555Dr +rr r2B B’&%*) rr ? 2r r +r29 r 5 1r 2 r r+r 5.”2rr + r 2r! 55512 rr + 9+r r+5(;r9=r r r r1+r 5(;r9=rr +r 2r9+r ”r r Cn7 r 8+r+r 2r9D.r ”2rr 2 r r 5n6$r! r 12 r rr” +r 2r2r”!++r ” +(nn7 2r$6.r”r 2r r”r !1 ,,r ? 2r r r 1 r r”. 9212r rrr r 1r 2+2 r+r r r”r 17�&IC+*/rD r r +r2r98 2r9+ 1 r2rr”rrr 1r ? 1 +r +r r ? (r”2 r
‘% 66n0 HL n6$($.n
r+rC,,Dr ? rr 1%’+r 0n *’+r 5 C+2’*2r r+555 %-2r rr 512 r +�+5 r r555 r r 5Dnn+ 555rr 4& rr ? 2 r r r+r 56+r 1 +*’r ? r.r ? rr rr +? 2 r ? rr r $”+ r!rr /& r 1 %’+r.%’r ? 2 r rr++r+r! r 92 +2r +rr r+: JrN’Fr r N/F r N%F J+N’6 ’&r! r2r
2 r+r r r +r r 12 +r+ r2C%/IDrr 2 r1 r ++r!G%4&O r r +rr+r +0n+r 12 + r r +r5n6
‘’).!.6$n6.n0 HL
.r+555 r1 51 r! r rr r +9r 1 + r +rr ! +r rr+rr+r r + r+r+r+r !r C !D r CD2r” 2r +rrr+r @%-+ ,,r r9 +”r r r0n 1rr+r +%’r ? 2�r.rr1 r +rr+r!G r5 1rr+r +*’2’%nr+ 9r r291++ r 2 @r r 2 r2 Fr +r r + 2 r r Fr r ? Frr r2rrr r1 r+r r r+rr 9 rr 2 r+r 1r r +r555 r! rr r rr r r . 1 +” r+r ”rr r r1 r+ r r ” rr

/)!”$”
.+2r rr ? 9 + r +r . r 2 r r+r n ++r +rr r !2r+r r 1 r r +r$r! r 1 21 r r+r+r0n 5 r .r r r rr + r+rrr r1r” C2 r D+r r r+rrr 9 r.rrr1rr r rr Cn 7nr (8r rrrr D! r+9+ +2r +7586 1 2r rrr r 1r 2+2 r+r r r”r 1
7�&IC+*/rD r r +r2r98;r +,,r1 ”r 2r r+rr+ rrr +r ” r.rrr1r2 +r” r +r r r120n 5 r1 1 r ? G rr!15551 Jrr rr 5 $ 2rr ? r r+ 2r9C+r 1 r ? r+555 r Jr 5 2r9D12rrJ2 r rr
*%0n!$!$(.=H6 0)
! rr1 2 +r r+ ++ r! 5552r 5n6r r +r r +r r ? 2r r+r rr r+5n6 r r! 555 + r+r5n6 r r2 1 r 1 2 r rr .+r r+r +2r r r
=H6$=!=)$.
r2 + 2 r r” rr+2r” +r +rr r. + 2 2r9 2 rr . r +r 1 r r 1r r. r1 9+r 2r9 92 rC7 r82+r+rr D1 2 + +r rrrC+*4rD r r r+r
&I%&I’&I*&I,&I-&I�&I/&I3&I4&I%&&I
n nr r

6 2 +r”r 2r9+ r ? 1r! 5551 2 r !+2 r+555r +r ’&%*5 r r 6r2r9 r r r+ n 25H50n2r9)r 12 +2r+r 0n r 2$=62r9r $2( +r r n
’&&31.r r !++ !r r .r ( n C(nD r + ++ +r + ++ r r .(nrrr1 rrr1 r 5n61r++ (( r 1)r n 1 $2( +r r n 12+ n . r2 r .$2( 22 +r(r 5!nrr
&’,�3%&%’%, r r r r 2r9Jr2 r ? 2 r ++ ; r 2r9r2 rr 6r ?2r9 rr r 9 r r)2 r ++ r = rr+r++ ( 5r )r ? r rr rr P6r13 n2nnn3r n4 :
r r 5C5 D
555
r!
6 r 1r r2 + 2 r+ r6%-IC+*4rD 2r 2 r+ r 6 r2r+r rr ? r 1 2rr r r r ? r 26+ r1,*IC+*4rD rr rr ? 2r9 r r 12’3I !r 2rr r+ 6rr 12E r+ 2 r r2r912rr r 1 +r rr 2r r r+rr r .+2rr r 2r ? r 2 r1 !r 1 r
*’.n.!$0 $5n
.%”( r$+)% %+!”%+D+r5n6 ++ r + r 2r9+5n62r2.r2r r r r r1+r B’&&3@B’&%%1rr rr +6r $ +r r /&r 2 r*-&&5n6 rrr. rr2r +r r n r 2r9nr2r +r 1 r r r+r r 2r9+r5n6( ++ !$( 92r+r+++ 2r9+r5n6 r2r.r r: r r EF r” ”2r 2 rGrFG 2r 1 r 2r r Fr r Fr r r Fr” rr rF5r r92 rF5 r ?
�
:JJ222++ rJ rr1&-‘

n rr rn r nr n rrn nnr rrnr r rn r rrnr nrr r r r rrr rn nn r r rnr r rn ! nn n ”r rnrn r nn nrrn r r #

! nn nnr r n rn” $ rn%n r n ”r #

r rr+r++ ( 5r 1+ 1 r7r 5n6 r rr rr ++ 1 r r r 2r9+r5n6( ++ 8C r ”D) r ? r + r.+2r ”+2 r r /
0$( n.66(!$($.= !.(1!.60=$6.$5nn! L$;
r 4-IC+*/rD r+ r2 r; 92 rr ? r r1�&IC+*/rD r +r2r9.7r 8 9 +r 1 r2rr r2r rr ? n r r r ? rrr r 2 r+r rr . r 1r+ 1r7r8+rrr r+ r1 r r 2 r rr6r r r+r r 12 r+ 1 r1 r ”+rr+ rrr r1,*IC+*/rD r r 2r9 rnr r r rr r+2 r r2r r 7 rr 8 rr +r2r9n12 + r r+r ? rr1”IC+*/rD rr r+r 2r9
/
:JJ222rJ J++ J,4�-&%/*+

&I’&I,&I�&I3&I%&&I
r nr

r rrnr ” &’ ( r)r* n%%r r n %+,-. #

$/ r n r n rn n r0 #

1 n nr nr nn rrnrr ” r n rn r ”n r r #

!.(!5.H.n!$$(6 .0.0
.r 2 9+rr ? 2r +r r rnrC+*�rD 2rr rr r+r Jrrr r 1 r1r r 2+r )r+ 1-&I+22r r 2r92r 2r ? 1 1 r rr rr r++ + r2 rr 1 r ? r +2 ++n r r r 2 r rr r 2rr ? r rr22r 2 r
&’,�3%&%’%, r r 2r9 r 2r9 2r9 ( ;r r +r2r9 + r2 rC D$ C D6r�33 n2nnn 4 n3% n+n4 :
r r 5C5 D
555
r!
2 n r r rr nr”r n rr rn n n rnr n r r r n n rrr nrnr rn r nrnnrnr rrr r rr n #

. +r r ? ! +r ? 2r92r rr1 r r 2 rrr2r rr++rr r ++r + r.rr + r 2r92 r r+r
** !!$(A0.!! .$ nn
( ++ r 12 r +r 2r91 r 2 + r1” r ? 1r r r+r 1 r( ++ r r r r + r +r r ?r ?rr r !r( = C!(=D r r r r+ ++

r rr+r++ ( 5r 1+ 1C r ”D 175 r C5n6D r rr1r r r 1 rr1 rr 8! !r +r 2r9+rr+ r r r r r rr r r9 ?” 2 r+ r r rr rr Er+2r rrC6+++5 + D. r :$r (Cr ++ + rrD r 2r .r+rC r 1 1 r rD( r 2rCr+r r1 r rD.r2r9C r D” rrr+r +5n617r rr 25n6 r r1+r ” 1 r 1 r1r1r ? 1r 1 r ?8Cn r 2r91%&D” rr + r r + ++ r + !r r ” rr r
3
:JJ222rJ J++ J,4�-&%/*+

r ”nnr rn ” n rr n n rrn #

!!n!56 6 !.6$
nr r2r 92rrr r rrr $ rC+’4rD !r 2r r+rr ; ++r r1rr rr rC D r+2r ? 2r96 r ++r rr 2 r rr ? Grr1r +r r r rrrr rE; 1r++r” 2r! r r r + ! 2 r r 1�+%’0nr ? r”.0nr ? r ++r r+r ? 0 r ( r +5 +r.rr +r 5 r ? 2 r ’*+*’1rr rr +r ? r+) r ? + r rr + rn r ? C$r! r D++ r r2r96r r rr ++r r2r91rr1+r1 ! 1 + r rr + 1 !r + r +r+rr rrr ? 6rr ? +11 rr rr ? r r2r92r !. r r 1r 11r 1r1rGr1 r r 2r1 2 ++ + rr6r rr ? !+r 2r9 2 r+ rrr ; + ! 9rr +r ? 1 r r r rr 2+rrr +r rr r +r rr? 1 1 + 2 !
2 rn r r n rrr n r rn 3rn r r n n %n r r rn rnnr rrnr rn nr n #
nnn% ”r r4n r4rr r rn n r nrrnr rrnrr rr nn nnrn nrnn rr rrrnrr rnn
n n #

n n ” ” n r nn r 5rnr ” r r ” 56!7 ” n r rn #

!n56)M16$=. )1!$((50..6()6$n. !.7 n0.n8
+ !r 1r r + 92 +2r r ? + r +rr !rrr .r ++r+r r 2r91 r ? 1+++ r r !1 r + r6+ 2 ++++r r 6r+ 7r r r r r 92rr r r r r 8n r r rrr r+rr r@ + +rr ? 9 r r2 2 r.rr r r1 +r+1 7 +r 8 9 +rr ? rr? ! rr r r r r 1 +rr rr rr 1 rrr 2 r r ! r+r 1r+r r++ r + ! + r rrrr !1+2: 9+Jrrr !F++r + !F + r r +r . +2r9+r r r 2r + 9r ! 9 ++rr r7 r 8 !r r ++6r ? + r r ++r6r ? r+ r 9 r !++n r r rr + ! r rrr ” +++ r rr2r9. rr 91 r r+rr ? + ++5 r ? + rr 9r !++.r ? r 22 9 r r + 1 9 r Cr r D2 r++6r rr+ r rrr+r r ? r r rC r r r
$ rnn3r r n r n 56!7 rn nr r n n n r r n #
8n r rnrr56!79rn: $ r $ n rr rn rrn #
1nn !$;rnn n r n r r n% n #
ED5+1+r 1 rrr + r r +r r rr 1 r ? r+r r !2 :+r + C + 2 rr1 1 D2rr 2r + r r+r r r
0$!5#$=.5!$=:.66n!$( n60 5n.6$.= !. !
r +1r r rr r2 rr ? rr rr !r !r+r +r +79282+2 +rr ? r 111 r1 r r2r9 !. 7 + r + ! 1 1 r 18 r2 r +r ) C )D r %&!rr 7 9 r r r 2P r r+2r2 2 r r ?r +2 r2 r8.E + r rr ? r r r r r6r 2r92 2 r r+ 9r r !rr ? G2r9n r rr 2++ + +r r2r ? 22r . r r2r rr! 1r +r rrr rrr r +r 2r9
;r +2 rr2+ + ! 12+ r.r ? + r r1r r ” 1r ? r !+r 2r9 r 12 r+r ++ rr1r r+2+ r r.r r”r+r ? 2r%&! +r10$ ( rr 0$6+++5 +r r r E2r ++rr r r rr 6:
:JJr r rJ r JrrJr9+r r 2
r

92 r r nn:n r4 r r4 r rrr r rnr r r%n ”r n r9 r:rrnr r rnr”% nrnnrrn r n n n=)$n )r nn rr
r” #

5rr2 2 !r rr +r 2 r !+2r ? + 2 r 1r”+rr !rr 1 r 9r +r2+rr r r n r rr +rr +rr++rrr ? !1 r2+ + rrr2rr
A0!.L!n!0$(!)$.!5 . !$! .$ nn
nr r2r 9+ rrr+r” rr1 ”2�&IC+’4rD ++r ;2 ”1rr ++r r:rr +r r rr1rrr+r rr1 rr + rr rrr ? Gr ! r+rr 2r +r ” rr.rr ” r 1rr1 r r1+r1 r1 E 960nrr 2 %% rr! r12 2” rrn r r +r ” + rr. + 91 r ? rr1 7 rrr 8 r2 r1 r 22 rr1 r 9 + r ? G rr r+r rr r 9 2 ” 2 rr ” + rrn r r ? r +r r r ” +r rr!r+r ” rr r r r+rr ? G r . rr2rr r 1r 1 r rC+ rrD.++ rrr 1rr? rr+ 1 ? r 9
%%, ,( #-
.//###0’ 0 /1, r
//2344567789
:
$ r r nnnrr r r �r rrr n rrr rn r r r
r

#

7 ”rrrrnrr r r &;24n”rnrn nr ” n n nr #
”r n #

8
6; )!!$5n!$((6$6 nn0 6n!5!$=.6A0.!
! .$ nn
.rr 1r2r r+2 2 + 2 ” rr! 1 ” r+r + r 2rrr.r r2r rr + rr1r ) +2r rr r rrr+r r1r ? r ? r r1+ 2r+ r rr r” + rr.2r 2 + +rr rr ? rr1rr ? rr2+r .r r+r + 2r rJr r+ rr r rrB $r! r r+rr+r rr17 9++ r+Qr rrr ? R r + r86r r ++ 9r$r! r 1 176rrr+ r r r 2r9r+2 rr.r rr rE 1r+ r+rr+ 9r r rr r rr ++ )r r1 r +r+Qr r9R 22+r 2r rr+r+1r r r rr +86rr+r r rrr r ? rrr” rr!7r+” r Q” rrR rr+r r rr r86r ? 7r 8 7 8 r rr+r rr r9 r 1 r !rr 2 r+ + 2r ? r rr= rr7S rG 9 rS+rG rr9C1 r 1 1D92 r 2 rr+rE r r r r 2 rr 2rJ2 G+1” 1r r1rr 18
)rrr r n rrn?nn n rnr r rr nr r r #
*rr n r r rrn4nnr4 @nr n n $n nr rn $&;2n4 4 nrr rnr r r rn n
n #

9 +92;r $=69 rr2 r ? 1 r r+ + r 92 6r+r r” rrr”r + r + rr 92 9 r r 2 +rr+ r 2.+r r”r+ + ++ 1rrC r D1 ” r+ 2r ? rr? r
;!.;60(.66n1 n60 5n!$(;6 #$== 60n
1 r r 12” rr2r 7r r8+rr ? r 1 r 9r r r r r” .1rr1 r2r + +22 r ? rr” rr 2 r 1 1 1r +r rr1 2 r rrr +7 + + rrrE r 82r9” rr2 + ++ 2 +r ? ” rr. +1r 17r C 2r9D1 r r 1rE9 86r+ 2 G r+ 2rr ? r 2r r rr r1r ? r rr! 1 + +r r+ 2r 9r
*,$!$=$H 6$)$.
. r r+r +rr @ r r r 1+ r r 25n61r r 22+r r1 5n6 G2 +r+ r1 r @ +5n6 r r ++ r!.r r !++ 1!r ! +r!C!!!D +r
$ r” r ”rrnr %% n rrn n n r nrn n rnnr rr r #
( r nrn rrrn3n r rrr r 5 nn r r rr nn n rn n r
nr

;5n6r r+ rr2r1 r 7r r ?C5n6Dr 8C!!!1 r ’&D.. 9. r 5n6( ++ 1 9r rr5n61r r rr r 1 + rr”r+ r r %’2 r1!r 1+r 2r %*(2r r 1 r rr+r++ ( 5r %,1rr r rC r ”!D17 +rr 5n6rrr r12 r r+ r 12 rr r1 r+5n6 8.+2 1 r+r 2r9+r r rrr r C7 r’8%-D5H50n1 r12 r + r’ r +r r ? . 2r9 rrn +5 n1n r’&%*15H50n 5 n r CD r+r 1r r ” +r . %�2 r1r r 1 r+ r r r 2r r+ r r 12++rr9r +r5n6 r r:C%D + r r r 1 rr r r+5n6FC’D +r F C*Drr r +r5n60+r 1 r r $1 rr 2r + r+r r+r r r 2r +++ r+ r +r r + . r1;r9=r r +5n6 rr+r++ ( r 2r9+r!rr r 1r r r .r 2r9 5H50n1 ” r.;r9=rrrr 2r9 rr+ rr r2r
%’.. 9. 5n6( ++ r 17# +rr r !++ 81’&%%1::JJ++ rJ)=J+J+ K9KK*+%*n+r 15H50n175 n:.5 2 := .r’&&4’&%&81( r’&%&1:
:JJ222rrJJ5H50n= KrKK5 KnKn K’&&4’&%&+
5H50n1
7’&%*n +5 n r81’&%*1:
:JJ rJ2
J J’&%*J&,J’&%*n +5 n rK++

%,
:JJ222rJ J++ J,4�-&%/*+

%-r+rr r r+r 2r918=)rr 2r9+= rr18:
:JJ++ r rJ+J’&%*I’& I’& I’& rI’& +

%�n:5H50n’&%* r 1:
:JJ rJ2 2%’�J’&%*&-&�%&*3
*4J%33�2 ’&%* r rr

.+r 2r9 +2:
!r 6:3 n3 n”
( 6:)2n 3 C r 1r + 1
+r +rD
( .2:3nn.n nC +r5n6rr15n6
r+r+r r+rJ r 15n6 rr 2
D
( .r:)3 4 4 Cr r rr
+ 2D

!r .2:+%n nn
( 6:”4 n4n nnC5n6 r
1rr r ?r15n6 9 D
( .2:( n nCr r +r r
rr1r 1 1 D

!r .r:0n?”n 34 C5n6 92 ++ 1
r1 rr r+ D! r 1r ” r r 2r2 +r 2r9 nr r2r 9 9 275r8 7( 85r2r+ r 2rr ? rr 1r2r r2r92T rrTCr ? 5r rr2rrr D7( 8r+rr$r! r 2r r+ r r 5 r! r r r r1r ? 5 0n +r r r 2 rr C2D
1(! 6!”1!! (r% 6! &%) ‘! % 1! )1(‘!)%( !#
3 n
B’&%&1+2 rr r 215 r (
!C5(!Drrr rr25 r C;5D++r7 2 r
5 r ? r 8%/;5r r
r25 5n6 ++rr

.2 r r 7r r r r
r+rrE 8r++ r rr%31
+r+ 2 +r 7r rr 8125(!r r
+r 5n6 5n6Grr1rr5(! +rr

%/5 r ( !1’&%&17)r6 5(!G ++ 81= r +5 1
:JJ222 J J +JJ55/”%%%/’�
#M=

%3
= 25(!G2 rr r++.r
Er ;5!r’&%%

. 9 r12 25n61r r+r
r ? 1 +2 rr25(!+r2r
1r r 1++1 + r r+r+1
r r ? ++ rr 1 rr 1
%4

1r ++r r +1
.r 2 rr 5 5n6 rr r 9
+ r r ? 2r91Cr2r+
rD1 +2r9r + r

1r”+r rr r r
5 r ? +r r .r
5 r r? 2r925n6 r
r2r

;% ($=n
.// 0r 0 /+�?456

3 3$n”
r!G 5H50nn +5 n’&%*rr 70n
r r r2r r0n r $=61
0n!( 0n$=6 r E r rr82 r1r r r
r +r r2r! r r ++ :
+ 0n$=61+20n$=6 r
r rr1 r+0n r r r1
+22rr5n6 r r r2r

rrr 1r! r+ 22 r”r
’&&* r! rr 0n r ++rr H !(n
2r9 7 r8 + ++r +
+$=6 rr! 0n5!+r r+ r
2rr1 2 r0nnr 5rr+’&%*6B’&1
nr 5r ++r 2rrG rr!r! 2
r ++r ++r + r ? rr 2

;1*% r @r n *%
A &=n
.// 0r 0 /+�?4?2

%4r r 1++7 rr 9 r+( :5 5 nr25(!U5 +rr ) 1 rr25 r r5$2r9 5551C) r’&%’D1
:JJ222 JK+JJ2 K2KJ’&%’K&*Knr K rK+

.$6 .!) 5!$56$.M.:0$($=56$5 $n1!. !.$(=.)!5L1!$(
5!n6 (6$6 . !$n! $5L
.+r r+ r + @ 1r r ? +$r! r r +rr ? G r . r+r 1r r2r +++r + r C22rr +r +r +r 2r9D12+7r8 2rr r r + . rr rr2 + 12 r-&IC+’3rD rr+ rrr ? Grr.2 r r 5 rC555 r r J 5 rD) r r r1 rrr1 E 1 +r+ 2rr ? rr6r 2 + r r + 17Qrr r GR r S GS2r+1 G86rrr rr r +rrr 2r r+r+r+r r r n r rr r r”r +rr ? rr 5 rC+ 1555 rD+ 25 !C5 !Dr + r r
&’,�3%&) r 92 J r0r J++ r r rr ? Urr! 2 r r r ? U .r r+ r ++r ? 6r$+ $ r+r ? 1 n2n4n n n 3n n 4 nn4 $”nn.n n4 n :
r r 5C5 D
555
r!
; rn9: )3 n r3rnn r r r% rn r #

! r r + rrrr”r rr ? G r rr +r r +r r +r .2 + rrr+r r ? ++rr rrr ? r”r !+2r +rr ? 2r ” r r5 r2r rr +r 2 +1 r ? 2 r+ r 6rr rr+ ++rr 2 r r rr +r +rr r rrr!r 1 r ? + +rr rr r+r r r .+2 r +2r r ?5 r! r r ? :
n

$n”

7
.
++ r r
2 rrrr
9 + ++r
2 rr8
7 r”r r
5 C5 !D1 r r
r U rU1r
r+r8
7= r C rr
r+r20$5 D
E C Er++r
0$ D1 r+r$=68
75rr0n r T TT2
r+1 T8
70nr rr ++
+r r $=6
r 8
7; r 2
$2( +r r n 12r
r r
r 9rC
r 2 $2
( + r rr D8
Cn+’ D

5 !.$=n!56 (!.!$(5!$=$==6H $)$. !.6$nn:!$
6 =!$V!.6$! 6 .L
; 92 5n62rr r 5 0n 12r2r r7n +r +8C,3I+’/rD 7(r5n6r 8C,%ID6” rr+r 2rrr2r9 r r +rrr ? r+r r r+r r1 r +r + 9 r +r n r ? rr r 2 r
1; rnn r 0*2nn r 3 rn rnr r n rr n%n r”nnr r nr n rr =r n r r rr n rnn rnnr”r #
++ r 2 + rr ? G2r9. +r r rrr ? Grr1r ++r rrr ? 6r r r rr+r rrr ? 1r r r$r! r r r;+ 2r9 r ? 1 r r r 2r rrr rr 2r9 r+ r r@r +r +2r ? r rC9r!0n r5555 D1 2 r2r9r + r+r ? (r r r 12r 12 r rn r r+ ++ 2 r r++ rr rr+r r . 2 r 2r++r rr rr1 2 + r r ? G 2r9rr r
&’,�3%& ? +r. r r r ++rn +r +!+r (r5n6r 6r$+ $ r+r ? % n2nn nnn.n n 3nn$”.n n :
r r 5C5 D
555
r!
.+2 r +2r r ?5 r! r r ? :
n

$n”

7. +5 r
r 2 9+
+ 1 2 r
++ r+r r !21
2 9
r H1 +5n6
r r r1
r 8
7; 555 rr
2 r 8
7Q6rr ? R 2r$=6
2r925(!+5r
8
7
; r2r9 20n
r C n (D
8
7; rrr!++r
20n!(rr r+r
0n!(r2 r122 rrr
r+rr r8
7;9+0n r
”+
r rrr2r2
2r91 r r2 rrr
r r rr
+r + 5n6r ?1r
8

nn0n;.6n.560$. L=6H $)$.n:)6 6)$$.10.)6 (H n
. r+r r +2rC rr rrD2r rr+r r n r” + r 1r2r
&’,�3%&%’ ? +r. r r r rr11 r r ? ++rn +r +!+r (r5n6r !r ++r r6r$+
r r 5C5 D
555
r!
1 n2n4n n n 3n n 4 nn4 1 ,n.n n4 n :
5+ ++r + r Cr +r +r +r 2r9D12+7r8 2r r r r + ! +’/r ? C0n 5 Dr”;7. r r r rr11 r r ? 8r 9 + C�*I+’/rDr1 +r2r*/I,3I+”r! +r r 1r r r 2 rr + r r r r . r +r r r r ? + 9rr r 1r r r (r r r Jrr 2r 1r +r 2 1r11r r+ 1 1 r rC=.D 6r r +r5n6 r r rr r rr + r ? n+rrr +r rr2rr1 r rr rrr”r +r5n6 + rrrr r+)r+ 1 r r r2r +rr rrr ++r +rr+r
;!.! .L(6$=!60..$($=n!51 6)6.$= =.n
+ r 1r r 9 r + r rrr rrn rr ”+ rr r 1”+ r r 2 9 rr! r 12r9r 7 +r +8C�-I+’�rD 2r9+rr ? +rC-3IDr 9 2r
7 @r ”r r rnn n4n nr* &;2n n #
”rrr0 7r r n nn rrr5 n; (* 1n rnnn rn rr nr rr r r ”r r n n”r r n #

=nnr rrr rn r n r rnr”; r%!rnn r%n r n #
/nr”!n rrnnr n n nr rnr%4 n n n #
8. + + + r r+ 1+ r+ r @ 1r+rr r rr rr+r2r +r r++ ++r+7rQR 5n6 +r r 8!1 r 2r92r rCr rr D$=62r9 5n6 +r r r r.r+rr 2 r++ r rr 2 r r r r + 9r

&’,�3%& ? +r. r r r rr11 r r ? ++rn +r +!+r (r5n6r !r ++r r6r$+ % n2nn nnn.n n 31 ,n.n n :
r r 5C5 D
555
r!
rr r r% &;2 ”n nnr rrn rrr rn n rrrnr r r n #
n ” r rnn n nr n rrr #
9
!(H65!5L6 $!$=$H 6$)$.nn0n@n6).$=6 6;(1n6).$=
$;
–IC+’/rD J r2r9 r ; r 1 r r +r 21r rr rr r . 2r9 r2+rrr ? 1r r r . +” 2r r r+2 r 2r9 r1 2r9 2 rr 5n62r9 +r r C ’&%-1) ( = D1 2 rr r r rrr ++r(rr r ? +rr 2r91 r rr 9 rr r ++r+rr rrrr r1 2r92 rrr + +r2r9
*-;6 #$=6$.nnn0n=6$=6 ;! (
.+ ”+r 9r+rrr ? 2r 2r9Crr +r Dr 5n6 ++ r r .r”2 r 2 r –IC+’/rD 2r+r +r 5(2r9r( ++ 1 !r 1 r !r ” rr+r” 2r 2 r+r

&I’-I-&I/-I%&&I
n
7r”rnr ” n rrn rn rn
rn #

nn r r n nr 5 n; (* #
rr rnnrr rn ”r r” nr #
;
5/ $”%
$($=n
0n!$:555 r! rrr + 1 r ++r2 2rr r r! r+r ? 2 r r 2 r 21 r +r r ? 2 r r 2r5n6 rrr@r r 1 r G 1 r 2 . r 2 r +r r +r +r ++2 r n.!$0 $5n: r r1r2 r+ 2 r+ r1 r r r r r/& +r 1r! 555) r r +r2r2+rrr ? ; r5n6 r r +rr r r 12 #22 r2r 5n6+r5n61 5n6 r . 1 r rr r9 +r+ r9 2r rr r2r ? r n r r r2r 2r rr ? 1 +2 r rr +r.r+ ++2 r ? r 0 1+9+ r@ r+r 25n6 + r2rr r 1 r r2 ++ # rn -: r r n r n ’ ’ @ 00)!$ =.n!n(! 6!5nC !D:.r r rr +rr !r ? r ) r ? r r r r rr2r9rr r1 r r r r r2r rr! 12rr + r 7r82r9+ +r ? r1 + r rrrr2++r r ? r2 rr r r 12r ? 2 rr) r r rr 2+rrr +r rr r +r rr? 1 1 + 2 !.r rr 2r ? 2 r + !+ r @ r ! r r2r9
+ r ? rr1 r ! r 1 r rr +r+r r + r+r 2r9 rr r2 2 r! 1r + +rrr r 92 r 2r ? 1r 2@ 9rr+ r+r r r r ! + 1 r +r1 r rr r r 1+r + +r ++ 1 r ? + r r9” 1 2r 1 9 r12 r + rA0.!! .$ nn:921” rr r r + r ? G +r 1 rr ? rr .++ rrr 1rr? rr+ 1 ? r 9n r ? + 9++” rr rr ? r++ r !r1r+++r ” + rr6r r r+r r+rrr r rr r r 2” rr r0 11r r rrr 9 rrr” .2r rrJr r r ” 1+ rr r rr rr rrr”r+rr ? r rr ” rr r 9r rE r+ r r+r9r r rr.r rrr+7r r r8 r r” rr!r 1r 7 9+ r +r+ ++rE rr r8++r2r9 G r2 rr E r +r + $1 rr r ? 1 r 1r ” +rr 2 rr!2 !1 r r + + +r r r + rr ” rr1 r? r 7r8 + $!$=$H 6$)$.:nr + 9 r r+ r+ r r ” rr1+ rr ? rrr ! ” rr2r r r 2 2 r C5 r0nD r +rrC + r ? 2r r+2 D r 9r1 r ? 2r r rr++2r +rrr ? r rr r r r rr 1 rrr ; r r
=+r r1r ? 9rr rr rrr rrr r r r r 2r95+r r++ r? 1r + r+r ++r+r1 r rr +++ r ! $$=!$(#$6;(=n! $=:. + r92 r r rr ++ 1r 1 r ++rr ? 9rrr r r1 !r 1” rr1 r 6r 2r91rr rrr +r 1 2 ++ 2 r rr++r .+r r r r 22 rr r2 ++ +r+ 7?+ 8 r 5 rr+ +rr ++r9 r 72G8rr ? n r 5n6+ r rr 12 r + r+rr+ 1 r1 +r+. + rr.2 +r r r 22r r r ! +r 2r r12 r 9 9rr ? 1 r
56))$(!.6$n!$($M.n.n
.r + r r !++ 1r r +21 5n6 5 0n. r rr+rr r+r r ? r+r2 r r+ + 1 r 1 +r5n6 r+ r 2r2r9r+ !r r1+rr r1 rr r r r 2 r+r r rrr r1 2 r r 1 r2r9 r1 2 !1” rr1 r . r+r5551r!1 5(+r2 r2 2 r 2r r ? 2 r 2r9+rr rr ? n r+r r91 +2 r+78” ( n n r ? rrr rr rr2r9! r ? + C2555 r! r D2r ? r + 2 r +2 rrr 2r9+r rrnnrrr r 92r rr 2r ? 2 r 2r9.+2 r
r +r 2 r r 1 ’&%*15552 r 2” r 5r+r 5 r r 2r9 !r ” rr. ! 2r ? r r r rE1 rr +r” rr r+rr ? r rr rr r .r r rr +r r+rr r n +5r r+rr ? r72 r8r +r 11 rrr r +r 2r9 r +rrn r r ? r 11 ++ r 12rr ? 2 r +r2+rr r! 555E 7 +r 8 rFE r 1r ? 2r29 +r2 r !1” rr1r r . r rr 2 r ? 2 r +r r.2 +r r9rr r -n(..r ! ” rr 2 r rr2+ r2r r2 r rn + r 5n6G2 r r +r1 r r+r r r 1 r r r+ rr! 555125(1+r r ++r+r +2r2r ? r2Err r 9r r (rr 1 +r E Jr 2 r r r +r+!n nn nn . +++r2r r !r r1 2 r 2 r +r rr + r 5 r +” rr r+++r2 r1r 9 ++r19 r+ r 2 rr r + r+ 9r Jrrr2r1 2 r r +r

( !#@$”!@A$!”% “

1n # n r ’ .

555 r! r r +rr r.r +r :
) 2 5 0nr ? r r r
r F
2 +r ? r rF
r2 r C r D
r ? G r rrG ++ F
(r 2r ? r rr rr r

.r+r 2+ rr 2r9+5n6
rr+r( ++ C5(D1. 9. 5n6( ++
r C r+r1 rr r 1 5n6 rD r
’&%-

.rr 19r r+r2rr +rr+r
+ r+ n r rr+r +1
1 r r1 + 9

. 9+r 9 r C r’& D r r
+r +r 2 r 2
+2”

/3 4 n .n n”n2n n3$n” n
n/3 n n 4n n,nn2nn. n
34 nB n4 n/

+ 4.n nnn n n n3 3 .n
n 3n ,4B n /$ 6r ? 5 (

/�334 n2n :
r!555r r 5C5 D
0n!$ 65nn
$ r’&%%1
r r ++
2 1n
#r C,D.+r + rr+r++ ( 5r r+ 1 r 1r r+nn r rr r9 r r r 2r+r2r1 +r1
rr r r .
6
r + r1
r 1 !r

/+ n 34,4 ,r n4 n33n2n44/
r r
r r 2r9Jr2 r ?
2 r ++
;
r 2r9r2 rr
6r ?2r9 rr r
9 r r
)2 r ++ r = rr+r++ (
5r
)r ? r rr rr
r Jr r
6r
1 + + r:

5/1.3r n .Cnn2nn3 n
r r !r )r ? 6 )r ? 2 r+ 6
n.!$0 $5n
.%”( r$+)% %+!”+r5n6( ++ CD r + r 2r9+5n62r2!1 r r r+
r
r 2r9+r5n6( ++
!$( 92r+r+
++ 2r9+r5n6 r2r.r r:%D r r EF’D r” ”2r 2 rGrF*DG 2r 1 r 2r r F,Dr r F-Dr r r F�Dr” rr rF/D5r r92 rF3D5 r ? ) r ? r + r.+2”9 r 2 r
9/�33 n2nnnnn3% n+n4 4 n3 :D+ . 33 44E

r r 2r9 r 2r9 2r9 ( ;r r +r2r9 + r2 rC D$ C D6r 1 + + r:
;/�3 n2n4nn3% n+n4 :Dn4 n
n. E$ ! 1 +2:
!

!1$'( )%61”,r(“!0(++)(1 +r 2r9+rr+
r r r r r
rr r r9 ?” 2
r+ r rrr rr Er+2r
rrC6+++5 + D. r
9:
$r
(Cr ++ + r
rD
r 2r
.r+rC r 1 1 r rD
( r 2rCr+r r1 r rD
.r2r9C r D
’&%*1555 r+r !r
” rr1 r2 r rr r
=/0nn1 n)3 , 443 D1)r(En4 :
$
LC +r ++ r+r r D

/�33n33n 3n2n n
nn1)r(n34 :+ 4 4 /

/�3 3 4 3n n 4.
1)r(:

5
A0.!! .$ nn

!A$%(r!+() !)”1%+” rr rr 25n6 r r1
+r ” 1 r 1 r1r1
r ? 1r 1 r1 ?Cn %*+

n 5n65C6r +r5n6( ++ D
+r r+r D

/0n3. C B4n 34 Dn3
/ .n3 n B4n 34 E:
$
LC +r ++ r+r r D

/�33n33n 3n2n n
4 nnB4n 34 :+ 4 4 /

5/�3 3 4 3n n 4.
B4n 34 :
$!$=$H 6$)$.
.! (r% 6! &%) ‘! r+r +rr +
5n6 r r ++ r

. r ;r9=rC+r
5(
D r +2+r 2r9:
!r 6:3 n3 n”
( 6:)2n 3 C r 1r +
1+r +rD
( .2:3nn.n nC +r5n6
rr15n6 r+r+r r+rJ r 15n6 rr
2 D
( .r:)3 4 4 Cr r r
r + 2D
!r .2:+%n nn
( 6:”4 n4n nnC5n6
r 1rr r ?r15n6 9
D
( .2:( n nCr r +r
r rr1r 1 1 D
!r .r:0n?”n 34 C5n6 92 ++ 1
r1 rr r+ D
+2”1r+r r T5rTCr
2rr ? rr D T rrTCr+rrr ?
5r rr2rrr D

.+r2” r 2$”nnn6.n n
8
9/1 n2n4n n n 3n n 4 nn
4 n rr4 n :3 3n n

) r
92 J r
0r J++ r r
rr ? Urr
! 2 r r r ? U
.r r+ r ++r ?
6r
$+
Jrr :

;/% n2nn nnn.n n 3 n
rr:D+ . 33 44E
? +r
. r r r
++r
n +r +
!+r
(r5n6r
6r
$+
Jrr :

.2” r 21 ,n6.n n
/1 n2n4n n n 3n 3
4 nn 4 rr4 n :3
3n n
? +r
. r r r rr11 r r ?
++r
n +r +
!+r
(r5n6r
!r ++r r
6r
$+
Jrr :

=/% n2n4n nnnnn.n n 3
rr:% 33 :D+ . 33 44E
? +r
. r r r rr11 r r ?
++r
n +r +
9
!+r
(r5n6r
!r ++r r
6r
$+
Jrr :

/1.n2n4n r .nC4 .
.n4 3n.nnn.n nn n :
$
LC 1 +r2r rr++r2r9D

.
5n6 rr+r( ++
C5(Dr +r
r+( ++ r

/�n2nn nnnnD.n n nE
n”.4 n .n nnn.n n33n7 3 n
D4 3E

5(;r9=r( ++ C5n6D
5(;r9=r !r C5n6D
5(;r9=r r C5n6D
. 9. 5n6( ++ r C(r1 rr
r 5n6D
+ r2r

. 9 r +r 9 r

ICNL

ICNL

Two Years on from Busan: Looking Back, Looking Forward