Countering Authoritarianism in Asia During COVID-19: Findings & Resources
April 30, 2025
From 2020 to 2024, ICNL worked with FORUM-ASIA, Media Defence and over a dozen local civil society organizations to address authoritarian measures enacted throughout the Indo-Pacific region in response to COVID-19.
Trends in Digital Laws in Asia and the Pacific
January 10, 2024
This updated monitoring assessment from a working group of local Myanmar civil society organizations (CSOs) and networks explores the challenges and threats encountered by both registered and non-registered CSOs in the post-coup period.
Philanthropic Protectionism in the Indo-Pacific
March 30, 2023
To empower parliamentarians (MPs) to advocate for internet freedoms, APHR & ICNL presents this Toolkit for Parliamentarians: Promoting Internet Freedoms in Southeast Asia.
Asia Centre Launches Report on Internet Freedom in Malaysia
January 16, 2023
This report makes recommendations that aim to ensure internet freedoms and freedom of expression in Malaysia, creating an environment where people can safely discuss issues related to race, religion, and royalty without fear and self-censorship.
A Pandemic of Silence
April 13, 2022
Written by ICNL consultant Meghna Sharma, this briefer examines how authoritarian COVID-19 policies in the Indo-Pacific region have affected civil society's freedom of expression in Asia. Drawing from the ICNL-ECNL Covid-19 Civic Freedoms Tracker, the briefer examines various repressive measures, including censorship of speech through criminalization measures, harassment in the name of targeting ‘fake news,’ cyber-attacks, and other methods used to suppress the free expression of civil society actors.
Resilience in Southeast Asia
April 13, 2022
Authored by ICNL consultant Kirana Anjani, this briefer dives deep into the challenges faced by civil society in Southeast Asia as a result of authoritarian COVID-19 policies adopted by many governments in the region, to the detriment of civic space and effective COVID-19 response. Drawing from data in the ICNL-ECNL Covid-19 Civic Freedoms Tracker, the briefer examines examples of rampant digital surveillance by governments, lack of transparency and access with respect to critical public health information, and attacks on both community COVID-19 initiatives and medical frontline workers.
COVID-19 and Civic Freedoms in Asia and the Pacific
April 7, 2021
To get a full picture of how COVID-19 measures have impacted civil society in the Asia-Pacific region, ICNL conducted a survey in December 2020 to assess government practices. We received responses from organizations in 14 countries across the region.
Protecting Activists from Abusive Litigation
July 15, 2020
In this report, ICNL presents the first cross-regional survey of SLAPPs in the Global South, along with the first rigorous comparative analysis of anti-SLAPP policy responses undertaken in both the Global North and South.
UNSR Report: Disease Pandemics and the Freedom of Opinion and Expression
May 4, 2020
In this report, the UNSR on Freedom of Expression registers alarm that some efforts to combat the coronavirus disease pandemic may be failing to meet the standards of legality, necessity, and proportionality. The Special Rapporteur highlights five areas of concern, showing that access to information, independent media, and other free expression rights are critical to meeting the challenges of the pandemic.
The Law Affecting Civil Society in Asia
April 21, 2020
Made up of more than 40 countries, Asia defies easy categorization. On the one hand, many countries are home to vibrant civil society sectors. On the other hand, in too many countries, state regulatory controls on civil society are becoming increasingly restrictive.
Civic Freedom Digest: Trends in the Asia-Pacific Region
February 21, 2020
In this issue of the Civic Freedom Digest, ICNL highlights some of the key challenges and opportunities for civic freedoms across the Asia-Pacific region.
Civic Freedom Digest: Trends in the Digital Age
October 17, 2019
In this inaugural publication of the Civic Freedom Digest, ICNL highlights some of the key challenges that digital technologies pose to civic freedom, as well as successful civil society efforts to combat these threats.
ICNL launches rebranded ‘Civic Freedom Monitor’ as successor to NGO Law Monitor
September 28, 2016
PUBLISHED: SEPTEMBER 26, 2016 The International Center for Not-for-Profit Law (ICNL) is pleased to announce today the launch of its “Civic Freedom Monitor,” a rebranded […]
Prevention of Terrorism Act
December 3, 2015
LAWS OF MALAYSIA Act 769 PREVENTION OF TERRORISM ACT 2015 An Act to provide for the prevention of the commission or support of terrorist acts […]
Sedition Act 1956
December 3, 2015
LAWS OF MALAYSIA REPRINT PUBLISHED BY THE COMMISSIONER OF LAW REVISION , MALAYSIA UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF THE REVISION OF LAWS ACT 1968 IN COLLABORATION […]
Voices in the Streets
January 1, 2015
This report from Freedom House analyzes instances of mass social protests in 12 countries in order to identify best practices in promoting and protecting the right to peaceful assembly.
Societies Act
October 2, 2013
1 Societies LA WS OF MALA YSIA REPRINT Act 335 S O C IE T IE S A C T 1966 Incorporating all amendments up […]
Sedition Act (amended in 2006)
September 12, 2013
(1) A “seditious tendency” is a tendency— to bring into hatred or contempt or to excite disaffection against any Ruler or against any Government; (b) […]
Protected Areas and Protected Places Act
September 12, 2013
LA WS OF MALA YSIA REPRINT Act 298 PROTECTED AREAS AND PROTECTED PLACES ACT 1959 Incorporating all amendments up to 1 January 2006 PUBLISHED BY […]
Civic Freedom Monitor Now Features 41 Country Reports
July 11, 2012
PUBLISHED: JULY 11, 2012 ICNL is pleased to announce the inclusion of 5 new country reports on the Civic Freedom Monitor: Belarus, Nepal, El Salvador, Malaysia and Panama. With the new […]
Security Offences (Special Measures) Bill
July 2, 2012
An Act to provide for special measures relating to security offences for the purpose of maintaining public order and security and for connected matters. Whereas […]
Police (Amendment) Act
July 2, 2012
Peaceful Assembly1 PEACEFUL ASSEMBLY BILL 2011 ARRANGEMENT OF CLAUSES P ART I PRELIMINARY Clause 1. Short title, commencement and non-application 2. Objects 3. Interpretation P […]
Private Higher Educational Institutions (Amendment) Act
July 2, 2012
Private Higher Educational Institutions (Amendment) 1 a bill i n t i t u l e d an act to amend the Private Higher Educational […]
Educational Institutions (Discipline) (Amendment) Act
July 2, 2012
Educational Institutions (Discipline) (Amendment) 1 A BILL i n t i t u l e d An Act to amend the Educational Institutions (Discipline) Act […]
Universities and University Colleges (Amendment) Act
July 2, 2012
Universities and University Colleges (Amendment) 1 a bill i n t i t u l e d an act to amend the Universities and University […]
Printing Presses and Publications (Amendment) Act
July 2, 2012
Printing Presses and Publications (Amendment) 1 A BILL i n t i t u l e d A n A c t t o a […]
Penal Code (Amendment) Act
July 2, 2012
Penal Code (Amendment)1 A BILL i n t i t u l e d An Act to amend the Penal Code. [ ] ENACTED by […]
Act 736 on Peaceful Assembly
February 15, 2012
This document has been provided by the International Center for Not-for-Profit Law (ICNL). ICNL is the leading source for information on th e legal environment […]
Act 736 on Peaceful Assembly
February 12, 2012
Universities and University Colleges (Amendment) 1 a bill i n t i t u l e d an act to amend the Universities and University […]
Peaceful Assembly Bill
January 30, 2012
Perhimpunan Aman1 D.R. 42/2011 RANG UNDANG-UNDANG PERHIMPUNAN AMAN 2011 SUSUNAN FASAL B AHAGIAN I PERMULAAN Fasal 1. Tajuk ringkas, permulaan kuat kuasa dan ketidakpakaian 2. […]
Peaceful Assembly Bill
January 30, 2012
Peaceful Assembly1 PEACEFUL ASSEMBLY BILL 2011 ARRANGEMENT OF CLAUSES P ART I PRELIMINARY Clause 1. Short title, commencement and non-application 2. Objects 3. Interpretation P […]
An Overview of Issues in Charity Litigation in Malaysia 2001
September 1, 2001
The International Journal of Not-for-Profit Law Volume 4, Issue 1, September 2001 By Mary George * Abstract The Malaysian law of charities consists of a […]
Country Reports: Asia Pacific
September 1, 2001
The International Journal of Not-for-Profit Law Volume 4, Issue 1, September 2001 Regional Charity Law Conference in Australia A conference entitled “Charity Law in the […]