US Protest Law Tracker
The US Protest Law Tracker follows state and federal legislation introduced since January 2017 that restricts the right to peaceful assembly. For more information, visit our Analysis of US Anti-Protest Bills page.
45 states have
considered 354 bills
55 enacted 35 pending
No initiatives
Pending, defeated or expired initiatives
Enacted initiatives
Legislation
Latest updates: Aug. 20, 2025 (Michigan), Aug. 4, 2025 (Pennsylvania, US Federal), Jul. 24, 2025 (US Federal)
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3 entries matching in provided filters in 1 states and 1 federal. Clear all filters
US Federal
HR 4015 / S 2115: Federal penalties for protesters who block traffic
Would create federal penalties for protesters who block public roads and highways. Under the bill, it would be a federal crime to “in any way or degree, purposely obstruct, delay, or affect commerce or the movement of any article or commodity in commerce by blocking a public road or highway.” The offense would also cover individuals who merely “attempt” or “conspire” to block a public road or highway. The offense would be punishable by an unspecified fine and up to 5 years in federal prison. The same bill was introduced as S 3492 / HR 6926 in the 2023 session.
(
See full text of bill here)
Status: pending
Introduced 13 Jun 2025.
Issue(s): Protest Supporters or Funders, Traffic Interference
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US Federal
S 2001: Providing for deportation of non-citizens who commit protest-related offenses
Would cancel the visa of any individual convicted of protest-related crimes and provide for the individual’s deportation within 60 days. Under the bill, individuals convicted of any “crime (i) related to [their] conduct at and during the course of a protest; (ii) involving the defacement, vandalism, or destruction of Federal property; or (iii) involving the intentional obstruction of any highway, road, bridge, or tunnel” would be deportable. The bill requires that such individuals’ visas be “immediately” cancelled and the individuals removed from the US within 60 days. If enacted, a non-citizen convicted of even a nonviolent misdemeanor “related to” a protest, such as trespass or disorderly conduct, could face deportation. The bill’s sponsor cited protests around immigration raids in Los Angeles as the impetus for his bill.
(
See full text of bill here)
Status: pending
Introduced 10 Jun 2025.
Issue(s): Traffic Interference
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Michigan
HB 4664: Heightened penalties for highway protests
Would increase the penalty for protesters who obstruct traffic on roads that are classified as highways. Under the bill, anyone who blocks or otherwise “interfere[s] with the normal flow” of traffic on a “highway” while participating in “an assembly of 10 or more individuals” commits a misdemeanor, punishable by up to 93 days in jail and a $5,000 fine. Current law provides that the offense is a civil infraction, subject to fines of up to $500. “Highways” in Michigan include streets that run through cities and have stoplights, such that protesters whose demonstration paused traffic on certain streets could face jail time if the bill were enacted.
(
See full text of bill here)
Status: pending
Introduced 17 Jun 2025.
Issue(s): Traffic Interference
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For more information about the Tracker, contact Elly Page at EPage@icnl.org.
