At request of Uzbek non-governmental non-commercial organizations (NNOs) ICNL prepared an overview of international practices in NGO self-regulation, with a focus on the role of codes of ethics. The overview stresses that such codes must be voluntary and NGO-led, serving to build public trust, improve effectiveness, or avoid restrictive legislation. While the scope of codes varies, they often address governance, transparency, and conflict-of-interest standards, and should be developed through a voluntary, inclusive, and transparent process.